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2D Materials for Infrared and Terahertz Detectors [Hardback]

  • Formāts: Hardback, 248 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 662 g, 18 Tables, black and white; 13 Illustrations, color; 138 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sērija : Series in Materials Science and Engineering
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Oct-2020
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0367477416
  • ISBN-13: 9780367477417
  • Hardback
  • Cena: 210,77 €
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 248 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 662 g, 18 Tables, black and white; 13 Illustrations, color; 138 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sērija : Series in Materials Science and Engineering
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Oct-2020
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0367477416
  • ISBN-13: 9780367477417
"2D Materials for Infrared and Terahertz Detectors provides an overview of emerging detectors' material-based performance while also offering, for the first time, a comparison to traditional materials used in the fabrication of infrared and terahertz detectors. Since the discovery of graphene, its applications to electronic and optoelectronic devices has been intensively researched. The extraordinary electronic and optical properties allow graphene and other 2D materials to be promising candidates for infrared and terahertz photodetectors, and yet it appears that new detectors using these materials are secondary to those using traditional materials. This book explores this as well as other advantages and disadvantages of using 2D materials. Special attention will be directed to the most effective hybrid 2D material in infrared and and terahertz detectors as well as future trends. Written by one of the world's leading researchers in the field of infrared (IR) optoelectronics, this book will be a must-readfor researchers and graduate students in photodetector and related fields. Features offers a comprehensive overview of the different types of 2D materials used in fabrication of IR and THz detectors and includes their advantages/disadvantages, first bookto compare new detectors to a wide family of common, commercially available detectors that use traditional materials"--

2D Materials for Infrared and Terahertz Detectors provides an overview of the performance of emerging detector materials, while also offering, for the first time, a comparison with traditional materials used in the fabrication of infrared and terahertz detectors.

Since the discovery of graphene, its applications to electronic and optoelectronic devices have been intensively researched. The extraordinary electronic and optical properties allow graphene and other 2D materials to be promising candidates for infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) photodetectors, and yet it appears that the development of new detectors using these materials is still secondary to those using traditional materials.

This book explores this phenomenon, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using 2D materials. Special attention is directed toward the identification of the most-effective hybrid 2D materials in infrared and terahertz detectors, as well as future trends. Written by one of the world’s leading researchers in the field of IR optoelectronics, this book will be a must-read for researchers and graduate students in photodetectors and related fields.

Features

• Offers a comprehensive overview of the different types of 2D materials used in fabrication of IR and THz detectors, and includes their advantages/disadvantages

• The first book to compare new detectors to a wide family of common, commercially available detectors that use traditional materials.

Author ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(14)
1.1 Historical Aspects Of Modern Infrared Technology
4(7)
References
11(4)
Chapter 2 Infrared Detector Characterization
15(20)
2.1 Classification Of Infrared Detectors
15(10)
2.1.1 Photon Detectors
15(8)
2.1.2 Thermal Detectors
23(2)
2.2 Detector Figures Of Merit
25(9)
2.2.1 Responsivity
29(1)
2.2.2 Noise Equivalent Power
29(1)
2.2.3 Detectivity
30(1)
2.2.4 Quantum Efficiency
31(3)
References
34(1)
Chapter 3 Fundamental Detector Performance Limits
35(34)
3.1 Photon Detectors
35(4)
3.2 Thermal Detectors
39(7)
3.3 The Ultimate Performance Of Hot Hgcdte Photodiodes
46(13)
3.3.1 SRH Carrier Lifetime
49(1)
3.3.2 Dark Current Density
50(7)
3.3.3 Detectivity
57(2)
3.4 Interband Quantum Cascade Infrared Photodetectors (IB QCIPS)
59(5)
References
64(5)
Chapter 4 Focal Plane Arrays
69(52)
4.1 Monolithic Arrays
73(8)
4.1.1 CCD Devices
73(4)
4.1.2 CMOS Devices
77(4)
4.2 Hybrid Arrays
81(7)
4.3 Infrared Fpa Performance Considerations
88(6)
4.3.1 Modulation Transfer Function
89(1)
4.3.2 Noise Equivalent Difference Temperature
89(5)
4.4 Present Status Of Infrared FPAs
94(8)
4.5 Trends In Development Of Infrared FPAs
102(13)
References
115(6)
Chapter 5 Relevant Properties of Graphene and Related 2D Materials
121(20)
5.1 Relevant Graphene Properties
124(3)
5.2 Properties Of 2D Crystalline Materials
127(10)
5.2.1 Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
129(4)
5.2.2 Black Phosphorus
133(4)
References
137(4)
Chapter 6 Graphene-Based Detectors
141(52)
6.1 Types Of Detectors
141(15)
6.1.1 Photoconductors
141(3)
6.1.2 Photogating Effect
144(2)
6.1.3 Photovoltaic Detectors
146(2)
6.1.4 Photo-thermoelectric Detectors
148(3)
6.1.5 Bolometers
151(2)
6.1.6 Field-Effect Transistor Detectors
153(3)
6.2 Responsivity-Enhanced Graphene-Based Detectors
156(9)
6.3 Graphene-Based Thermal Detectors
165(7)
6.4 Graphene-Based Terahertz Detectors
172(5)
6.5 Graphene-Based Detector Performance - The Present Status
177(9)
References
186(7)
Chapter 7 Related 2P-Material Detectors
193(24)
7.1 General Overview
193(3)
7.2 Middle- And Long-Wavelength Infrared Detectors
196(7)
7.2.1 Black Phosphorus Photodetectors
196(4)
7.2.2 Noble Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Photodetectors
200(3)
7.3 Terahertz Detectors
203(5)
7.4 2D-Material Detector Performance - The Present Status
208(4)
References
212(5)
Chapter 8 Colloidal Quantum Dot Infrared Detectors
217(16)
8.1 Introduction
218(1)
8.2 Brief View
219(7)
8.3 Imaging Arrays
226(1)
8.4 Present Status Of Cqd Photodiodes
227(2)
References
229(4)
Final Remarks 233(5)
References 238(3)
Index 241
Antoni Rogalski is a professor at the Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology in Warsaw, Poland. He is one of the worlds leading researchers in the field of infrared (IR) optoelectronics. He has made pioneering contributions in the area of theory, design and technology of different types of IR detectors. In 1997, he received an award from the Foundation for Polish Science, the most prestigious scientific award in Poland, for achievements in the study of ternary alloy systems for infrared detectors. His monumental monograph Infrared and Terahertz Detectors (three editions published by Taylor and Francis), was translated on Russian and Chinese languages. In 2013 he was elected as an Ordinary Member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and a member of the Central Commission for Academic Degrees and Titles. From beginning of 2015 he is performing the deanship of the Faculty of Technical Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and from 2016 a member of group for affairs awards of Prime Minister.

Professor Rogalski is a fellow of the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE), vice president of the Polish Optoelectronic Committee, editor-in-chief of the journal Opto-Electronics Review (1997-2015), deputy editor-in-chief of the Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences (2003-present), and a member of the editorial boards of several international journals. He is an active member of the international technical community - a chair and co-chair, organizer and member of scientific committees of many national and international conferences on optoelectronic devices and material sciences.