Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xiv | |
About the Authors |
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xiv | |
Introduction: The Five-Step Program |
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xv | |
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STEP 1 Set Up Your Study Program |
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1 What You Need to Know About the AP Chemistry Exam |
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3 | (8) |
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Background of the Advanced Placement Program |
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3 | (1) |
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Who Writes the AP Chemistry Exam? |
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4 | (1) |
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The AP Grades and Who Receives Them |
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4 | (1) |
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Reasons for Taking the AP Chemistry Exam |
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4 | (1) |
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Questions Frequently Asked About the AP Chemistry Exam |
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5 | (6) |
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11 | (8) |
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Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Chemistry Exam |
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11 | (3) |
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14 | (5) |
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STEP 2 Determine Your Test Readiness |
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19 | (40) |
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Getting Started: The Diagnostic Exam |
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20 | (1) |
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AP Chemistry Final Practice Exam, Section I (Multiple Choice) |
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21 | (13) |
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Answers and Explanations for Final Practice Exam, Section I (Multiple Choice) |
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34 | (7) |
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AP Chemistry Final Practice Exam, Section II (Free Response) |
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41 | (6) |
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Answers and Explanations for Final Practice Exam, Section II (Free Response) |
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47 | (9) |
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Scoring and Interpretation |
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56 | (3) |
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STEP 3 Develop Strategies for Success |
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4 How to Approach Each Question Type |
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59 | (10) |
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Multiple-Choice Questions |
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59 | (3) |
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62 | (7) |
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STEP 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High |
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69 | (28) |
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70 | (1) |
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Dimensional Analysis---the Factor Label Method |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (2) |
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The Structure of the Atom |
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74 | (8) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (6) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (20) |
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98 | (1) |
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Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas |
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98 | (2) |
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Introduction to Reactions |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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Molarity and Solution Calculations |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (3) |
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108 | (4) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (3) |
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7 Spectroscopy, Light, and Electrons |
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117 | (14) |
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118 | (1) |
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Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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Wave Properties of Matter |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (2) |
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Photoelectron (Photoemission) Spectroscopy (PES) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (22) |
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Lewis Electron-Dot Structures |
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132 | (1) |
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Ionic and Covalent Bonding |
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132 | (4) |
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Molecular Geometry---VSEPR |
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136 | (3) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (1) |
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Bond Length, Strength, and Magnetic Properties |
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143 | (1) |
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Structure of Metals and Alloys |
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143 | (2) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (2) |
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9 Solids, Liquids, and Intermolecular Forces |
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153 | (16) |
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Structures and Intermolecular Forces |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (2) |
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Relationship of Intermolecular Forces to Phase Changes |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (3) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (3) |
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169 | (22) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (10) |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (2) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (18) |
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192 | (2) |
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Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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Separation of Solutions and Mixtures Chromatography |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (3) |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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12 Reactions and Periodicity |
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209 | (22) |
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210 | (1) |
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General Aspects of Chemical Reactions and Equations |
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210 | (2) |
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General Properties of Aqueous Solutions |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions |
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214 | (4) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (4) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (2) |
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226 | (2) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (2) |
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231 | (22) |
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How Reactions Occur---Collision Model |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (3) |
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236 | (2) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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Steady-State Approximation |
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240 | (1) |
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Multistep Reaction Energy Profile |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (3) |
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246 | (2) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (3) |
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253 | (22) |
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254 | (1) |
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Heat Transfer and Thermal Equilibrium |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (2) |
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257 | (1) |
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Introduction to Enthalpy of Reaction |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (2) |
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262 | (3) |
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Thermodynamics and Equilibrium |
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265 | (1) |
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Thermodynamic and Kinetic Control |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (3) |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (2) |
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275 | (24) |
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277 | (1) |
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Magnitude of the Equilibrium Constant |
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277 | (1) |
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Properties of the Equilibrium Constant |
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278 | (1) |
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Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations |
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279 | (2) |
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Representations of Equilibrium |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (3) |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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Free Energy of Dissolution |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (3) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (2) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (28) |
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300 | (2) |
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Ka---the Acid Dissociation Constant |
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302 | (1) |
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Kw---the Water Dissociation Constant |
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303 | (1) |
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Molecular Structure of Acids and Bases |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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Kb---the Base Dissociation Constant |
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306 | (2) |
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Acidic/Basic Properties of Salts |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (2) |
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Acid--Base Reactions and Buffers |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (5) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (3) |
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321 | (2) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | (3) |
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327 | (22) |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (7) |
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Quantitative Aspects of Electrochemistry |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (2) |
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Electrolysis and Faraday's Law |
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338 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (3) |
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342 | (2) |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (4) |
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Additional Review and Applications |
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349 | (10) |
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350 | (1) |
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Natural Radioactive Decay Modes |
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350 | (2) |
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352 | (1) |
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Nuclear Decay Calculations |
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352 | (1) |
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Mass---Energy Relationships |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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354 | (2) |
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (10) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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361 | (1) |
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361 | (2) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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366 | (2) |
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368 | (1) |
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20 Experimental Investigations |
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369 | (36) |
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Experiment 1 Spectroscopy |
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370 | (3) |
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Experiment 2 Spectrophotometry |
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373 | (1) |
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Experiment 3 Gravimetric Analysis |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (2) |
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Experiment 5 Chromatography |
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377 | (1) |
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Experiment 6 Determination of the Type of Bonding in Solid Samples |
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378 | (1) |
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Experiment 7 Stoichiometry |
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378 | (1) |
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Experiment 8 Redox Titration |
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379 | (2) |
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Experiment 9 Chemical and Physical Changes |
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381 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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382 | (1) |
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Experiment 12 Calorimetry |
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383 | (1) |
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Experiment 13 Chemical Equilibrium---Le Chatelier's Principle |
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384 | (1) |
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Experiment 14 Acid-Base Titrations |
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385 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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Experiment 16 The Capacity of a Buffer |
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386 | (1) |
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387 | (1) |
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387 | (4) |
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391 | (3) |
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394 | (3) |
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397 | (4) |
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401 | (4) |
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STEP 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence |
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AP Chemistry Practice Exam 1 |
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405 | (2) |
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AP Chemistry Practice Exam 1, Section I (Multiple Choice) |
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407 | (13) |
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Answers and Explanations for Exam 1, Section I (Multiple Choice) |
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420 | (6) |
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AP Chemistry Practice Exam 1, Section II (Free Response) |
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426 | (6) |
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Answers and Explanations for Exam 1, Section II (Free Response) |
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432 | (7) |
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AP Chemistry Practice Exam 2 |
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439 | (2) |
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AP Chemistry Practice Exam 2, Section I (Multiple Choice) |
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441 | (12) |
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Answers and Explanations for Exam 2, Section I (Multiple Choice) |
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453 | (6) |
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AP Chemistry Practice Exam 2, Section II (Free Response) |
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459 | (4) |
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Answers and Explanations for Exam 2, Section II (Free Response) |
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463 | (8) |
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Elite Student Edition 5 Minutes to a 5 180 Activities and Questions in 5 Minutes a Day |
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471 | (234) |
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705 | (20) |
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725 | (2) |
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Balancing Redox Equations Using the Ion-Electron Method |
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727 | (4) |
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731 | (3) |
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734 | (1) |
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734 | (1) |
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735 | (9) |
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Avoiding "Stupid" Mistakes on the Free-Response Section |
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744 | (3) |
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747 | |