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E-grāmata: Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants

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  • Formāts: 370 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 14-Feb-2021
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000374032
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Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in PlantsPalielināt
  • Formāts: 370 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 14-Feb-2021
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000374032
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Since recent years, the population across the globe is increasing expeditiously; hence increasing the agricultural productivity to meet the food demands of the thriving population becomes a challenging task. Abiotic stresses pose as a major threat to agricultural productivity. Having an adequate knowledge and apprehension of the physiology and molecular biology of stress tolerance in plants is a prerequisite for counteracting the adverse effect of such stresses to a wider range. This book deals with the responses and tolerance mechanisms of plants towards various abiotic stresses. The advent of molecular biology and biotechnology has shifted the interest of researchers towards unraveling the genes involved in stress tolerance. More effort is being made to understand and pave ways for developing stress tolerance mechanisms in crop plants. Several technologies including Microarray technology, functional genomics, on gel and off gel proteomic approaches have proved to be of utmost importance by helping the physiologists, molecular biologists and biotechnologists in identifying and exploiting various stress tolerance genes and factors for enhancing stress tolerance in plants. This book would serve as an exemplary source of scientific information pertaining to abiotic stress responses and tolerance mechanisms towards various abiotic stresses.
Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
Preface xiii
1 Genetic Engineering of Crop Plants for Salinity and Drought Stress Tolerance: Being Closer to the Field
1(84)
Pravin V. Jadhav
Prashant B. Kale
Mangesh P. Moharil
Deepti C. Gawai
Mahendra S. Dudhare
Shyam S. Munje
Ravindra S. Nandanwar
Shyamsundar S. Mane
Philips Varghese
Joy G. Manjaya
Raviprakash G. Dani
1 Introduction
2(1)
2 How Crop Plants Sense the Stress: Signaling and Pathway
3(2)
2.1 Abiotic Stress and its Recognition by Plant
3(2)
3 Plant Response to Drought and Salinity Stress
5(2)
3.1 Drought Stress and Agriculture
5(1)
3.2 Nature of Drought and Plant Response
5(2)
4 Genetic Basis of Drought Tolerance
7(11)
4.1 Salinity Stress: Complexity and its Impact on Agricultural Production
10(1)
4.1.1 Effect of Salinity Stress on Plant Cell
11(1)
4.1.2 Generic Role of K+
12(1)
4.1.3 Transpirational Flux
12(1)
4.1.4 Role of Ca2+ in Relation to Salt Stress
12(1)
4.2 Water Loss due to Salinity Stress
12(1)
4.3 Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance
13(2)
4.4 Determinants for Salt Tolerance
15(3)
5 Rational Strategies for Developing Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants
18(2)
6 Resource Species Used for the Identification of Abiotic Stress Tolerant Genes
20(2)
6.1 Saccharomycescerevisiae
20(1)
6.2 Halophytes
21(1)
6.3 Glycophytes
21(1)
7 Genetic Engineering for Enhancing Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance
22(15)
7.1 Improving Response to Drought Stress by Manipulating Single Action Genes
22(1)
7.2 Single Function Genes
22(1)
7.2.1 Osmoprotectants
22(10)
7.2.2 Detoxifying Genes
32(1)
7.2.3 Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) Proteins Coding Genes
33(2)
7.2.4 Genes for Ionic Balance
35(1)
7.2.5 Decreasing Root to Shoot Translocation of Na+
36(1)
8 Targetting Pathways: Manipulating Regulatory Genes
37(23)
8.1 Role of Transcription Factors in the Activation of Stress Responsive Genes
37(19)
8.2 Role of Helicases inlmparting Tolerance to Abiotic Stress
56(1)
8.3 Signal Transduction Genes
57(2)
8.4 Targeting Pathways: Tandem Expression of Genes
59(1)
8.5 Modifying Function: Engineering C4Photosynthetic Pathway into C3 Crops
59(1)
9 Epigenetic and Post-Transcriptional Control
60(1)
10 Choice of Promoters: When and How Much to Express
61(6)
11 Applications of Chloroplast Engineering for Abiotic Stress Tolerence
67(1)
12 Means of Stress Impositions, Growth Conditions, and Evaluations
68(1)
13 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
69(1)
14 References
70(15)
2 Biotechnological Approaches for the Development of Heat Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants
85(42)
Sreshti Bagati
Gyanendra K. Rai
Diksha Bhadwal
Mukesh Kumar Berwal
1 Heat Stress
85(4)
2 Effects of Heat (HT- induced) Stress on Crop Plants
89(11)
2.1 Morphological, Anatomical and Phenological Effects
90(1)
2.1.1 Morphological Effects
90(1)
2.1.2 Anatomical Effects
91(1)
2.1.3 Phenological Effects
92(1)
2.2 Physiological Effects
93(1)
2.2.1 Water Relations
94(1)
2.2.2 Photosynthesis
94(1)
2.3 Yield
95(2)
2.4 Effects on Reproduction and Development
97(3)
3 How Plants Respond to the Heat Stress
100(3)
3.1 Mechanism of Tolerance
100(2)
3.2 Avoidance Mechanism
102(1)
4 Heat stress and Biotechnology
103(4)
4.1 Marker Assisted Selection and QTL Mapping for Heat Stress Tolerance
105(1)
4.2 Genetic Engineering and Transgenic Approaches for Thermo Tolerance
106(1)
4.3 "Omics" Approaches
107(1)
5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
107(3)
6 References
110(17)
3 Heat Shock Proteins: Role and Mechanism of Action
127(16)
Suneha Goswami
Kavita Dubey
Khushboo Singh
Gyanendra K. Rai
Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
1 Introduction
128(1)
2 Heat Stress
128(1)
3 Heat Shock Proteins
129(5)
3.1 Thermal Stability of HSPs
130(1)
3.2 Classification of Heat Shock Proteins
130(2)
3.3 Role of Different HSPs
132(2)
4 HSPs/Chaperones Network
134(3)
5 Genetically Modified Plants for-Heart Stress Tolerance
137(1)
6 Conclusion
137(1)
7 References
138(5)
4 Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, Antioxidants and Regulating Genes in Crops under Abiotic Stress Conditions
143(32)
Gyanendra K. Rai
Sreshti Bagati
Pradeep Kumar Rai
Vibha Raj Shanti
Diksha Bhadwal
R.R. Kumar
Monika Singh
Praveen Singh
1 Introduction
144(1)
2 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
145(2)
2.1 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Generation Sites in Plant cells
146(1)
3 Antioxidant Defense System in Crop Plants
147(3)
3.1 Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants
147(2)
3.2 Enzymatic Antioxidants
149(1)
4 ROS Regulation and Abiotic Stress Tolerance Genes in crops
150(5)
4.1 Antioxidant Genes
150(1)
4.1.1 Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)
150(2)
4.1.2 Catalase (CAT)
152(1)
4.1.3 Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX)
152(1)
4.1.4 Glutathione Reductase (GR)
153(1)
4.1.5 Abscisic acid (ABA)
154(1)
5 Transcription Factors
155(4)
6 Similar to RCD One (SRO) Proteins
159(1)
7 Calcium-Binding Proteins and Calcium Transporters
159(1)
8 Other Functional Proteins
160(1)
9 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
160(2)
10 References
162(13)
5 Antioxidant Defense System in Plants against Abiotic Stress
175(28)
Mukesh Kumar Berwal
Ramesh Kumar
Krishna Prakash Gyanendra K. Rai
K.B. Hebbar
1 Introduction
175(4)
2 Antioxidant Defense System in Plants
179(13)
2.1 Avoidance of ROS Production
180(1)
2.2 Non enzymatic ROS Scavengers
181(1)
2.2.1 Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
181(1)
2.2.2 Glutathione (GSH)
181(3)
2.2.3 a-Tocopherols
184(1)
2.2.4 Proline
185(1)
2.2.5 Carotenoids
185(1)
2.3 Enzymatic ROS Scavengers
186(1)
2.3.1 Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)
186(2)
2.3.2 Catalase
188(1)
2.3.3 Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX)
189(1)
2.3.4 Glutathione reductase
190(2)
3 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
192(1)
4 References
192(11)
6 Heat Stress and its Effects on Plant Growth and Metabolism
203(64)
Ashutosh Rai
Gyanendra K. Rai
R.S. Dubey
1 Heat Stress
203(1)
2 Responses of Plants to Heat Stress
204(8)
2.1 Morpho-phenological Responses to Heat Stress
206(1)
2.2 Physiological Responses of Heat Stress
206(1)
2.2.1 Canopy Temperature
206(1)
2.2.2 Stomatal Conductance
206(1)
2.2.3 Relative Water Content
207(1)
2.2.4 Photosynthesis
208(1)
2.2.5 Transpiration
209(1)
2.2.6 Membrane Thermostability
209(1)
2.2.7 Compatible Osmolytes and Hormones
209(1)
2.2.7.1 Proline
209(2)
2.2.7.2 Glycine Betaine
211(1)
2.2.7.3 Gibberellic Acid
211(1)
2.2.7.4 Salicylic Acid
211(1)
2.2.8 Secondary Metabolites
212(1)
2.2.8.1 Polyamines, Polyamine Oxidases and Flavonoids
212(1)
3 Heat, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants
212(8)
3.1 Sites of Production of Reactive Oxygen Species
213(1)
3.2 Damage Caused Due to ROS
214(1)
3.3 Antioxidative Defense System in Plants
215(1)
3.3.1 Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants y
216(1)
3.3.2 Enzymatic Antioxidants
217(1)
3.3.2.1 Superoxide Dismutase
217(1)
3.3.2.2 Peroxidase
218(1)
3.3.2.3 Catalase
218(1)
3.3.2.4 Ascorbate Peroxidase
219(1)
3.3.2.5 Glutathione Reductase
220(1)
4 Heat Stress Specific Proteins
220(3)
4.1 Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and Chaperons
220(2)
4.2 Heat Sensing and Signaling Molecules
222(1)
5 Conventional Breeding Approach for Heat Tolerance
223(1)
6 Expressed Sequence Tags: A Molecular Approach to Study Growth Processes and Stress Mechanisms
224(2)
7 Transcriptome Studies in Plants at Various Developmental Stages
226(7)
7.1 Transcriptome Studies under Abiotic Stresses
227(3)
7.2 Expression Profiling Studies Based on Microarray Experiments
230(1)
7.3 Use of cDNA Microarray
231(2)
7.4 Limitations in the Use of Microarrays
233(1)
8 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
233(2)
9 References
235(32)
7 Defense Mechanism in Plants against Abiotic Stresses
267(24)
Upama Mishra
Gyanendra K. Rai
Sreshti Bagati
1 Introduction
267(1)
2 MicroRNAs
268(1)
3 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases
269(1)
4 Antioxidants and Reactive Oxygen Species
269(2)
5 Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs)
271(2)
6 Osmolytes
273(5)
6.1 Proline
273(1)
6.2 Gama Amino Butyric Acid (AGBA)
274(1)
6.3 Polyamines
274(2)
6.4 Glycine Betaine
276(1)
6.5 Sugars
276(1)
6.6 ABA and metabolic adjustments
277(1)
7 References
278(13)
8 Breeding Approaches to Overcome Abiotic Stress
291(30)
Rakhi Bhardwaj
Gyanendra K. Rai
Sreshti Bagati
Abida Parveen
1 Introduction
291(2)
2 History of Plant Breeding in India
293(1)
3 Breeding Approaches
294(21)
3.1 Conventional Breeding Approaches
294(2)
3.1.1 Domestication
296(1)
3.1.2 Selection under Domestication
296(1)
3.1.3 Mass Selection
297(2)
3.1.4 Pure Line Selection
299(1)
3.1.5 Backcross Breeding
300(2)
3.1.6 Hybridization
302(3)
3.1.7 Polyploidy
305(5)
3.1.8 Mutational Breeding
310(2)
3.2 Unconventional Methods
312(1)
3.2.1 Marker Assisted Breeding
313(2)
3.2.2 Biotechnological Approaches
315(1)
4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
315(1)
5 References
316(5)
9 Morphological, Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Plants to Drought Stress
321(20)
Abida Parveen
Gyanendra K. Rai
Sreshti Bagati
Pradeep Kumar Rai
Praveen Singh
1 Introduction
322(1)
2 Effects of Drought Stress on Crop Plants
323(3)
3 Successful Strategies under Drought Stress - Resistance, Acclimatization and Plasticity
326(1)
4 Response of Crop Plants to Drought Stress
326(8)
4.1 Physiological Implication of Drought
326(1)
4.1.1 Stomatal Behaviour during Drought Stress
327(1)
4.1.2 Effect on Pigment Composition and Photosynthesis
328
4.1.3 Effect on Osmotic Adjustment
326(3)
4.2 The Molecular Responses Regulated During Drought
329(1)
4.2.1 ABA induces Gene Expression during Water Deficit
330(2)
4.2.2 Acid Metabolism
332(2)
5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
334(2)
6 References
336(5)
10 Stomatal Activities against Abiotic Stress and Selection of Potential Tolerant Horticultural Crops
341
Deepak Kumar Sarolia
Mukesh K. Berwal
Ramkesh Meena
1 Introduction
341(1)
2 Stomatal Stress and Effect on the Plants
342(4)
3 Rate of Transpiration
346(1)
4 Driving Force and Pathway of Transpiration
347(3)
5 Anti-Transpirants
350(2)
5.1 Reflecting Materials
5.2 Wind Break
352(1)
5.3 Breeding Technique
352(1)
6 Selection of Fruits Crops
352(1)
7 Potential Fruit Crops for Dry land Arid Region
352(2)
8 Selection of Vegetable Crop and Importance of Vegetable Crops in Arid Region
354(2)
8.1 Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Hedges Plants
354(1)
8.2 Suitable Ornamental Trees
355(1)
8.3 Suitable Ornamental Shrubs for Arid Region
355(1)
9 Suggested Readings
356
Gyanendra Kumar Rai, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences, India

Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, India

Sreshti Bagati, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences, India
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