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E-grāmata: Abstract Algebra: An Inquiry Based Approach

(Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, USA), (Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, USA), (Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, USA)
  • Formāts: 595 pages
  • Sērija : Textbooks in Mathematics
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Dec-2013
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781466567085
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  • Formāts: 595 pages
  • Sērija : Textbooks in Mathematics
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Dec-2013
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781466567085
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"Preface The impetus for this book lies in our approach to teaching abstract algebra. We place an emphasis on active learning and on developing students' intuition through their investigation of examples. For us, active learning involves students--they are doing something instead of just being passive learners. What students are doing when they are actively learning might include discovering, processing, discussing, applying information, writing intensive assignments, and engaging in common intellectual in-class experiences or collaborative assignments and projects. We support all of these activities with peer review and substantial faculty mentoring. According to Meyers and Jones [ 2], active learning derives from the assumptions that learning is an active endeavor by nature and that different people learn in different ways. A number of reports and studies show that active learning has a positive impact on students. For example, active learning is described as a high-impact learning activity in the latest report from the Association of American Colleges and Universities' Liberal Education and America's Promise (LEAP) initiative [ 1]. Results of a study [ 3] testing the active learning findings in liberal arts education show, in part, that students who experience the type of instruction we describe as active learning show larger "value-added" gains on a variety of outcomes than their peers. Although it is difficult to capture the essence of active learning in a textbook, this book is our attempt to do just that. Our goals for these materials are several: - To carefully introduce the ideas behind definitions and theorems"--



To learn and understand mathematics, students must engage in the process of doing mathematics. Emphasizing active learning, Abstract Algebra: An Inquiry-Based Approach not only teaches abstract algebra but also provides a deeper understanding of what mathematics is, how it is done, and how mathematicians think.

The book can be used in both rings-first and groups-first abstract algebra courses. Numerous activities, examples, and exercises illustrate the definitions, theorems, and concepts. Through this engaging learning process, students discover new ideas and develop the necessary communication skills and rigor to understand and apply concepts from abstract algebra. In addition to the activities and exercises, each chapter includes a short discussion of the connections among topics in ring theory and group theory. These discussions help students see the relationships between the two main types of algebraic objects studied throughout the text.

Encouraging students to do mathematics and be more than passive learners, this text shows students that the way mathematics is developed is often different than how it is presented; that definitions, theorems, and proofs do not simply appear fully formed in the minds of mathematicians; that mathematical ideas are highly interconnected; and that even in a field like abstract algebra, there is a considerable amount of intuition to be found.

Recenzijas

"This book arose from the authors approach to teaching abstract algebra. They place an emphasis on active learning and on developing students intuition through their investigation of examples. The text is organized in such a way that it is possible to begin with either rings or groups." Florentina Chirte, Zentralblatt MATH 1295

Note to Students xvii
Preface xix
I The Integers
1(42)
1 The Integers: An Introduction
3(8)
Introduction
4(1)
Integer Arithmetic
5(2)
Ordering Axioms
7(1)
What's Next
8(1)
Concluding Activities
8(1)
Exercises
9(2)
2 Divisibility of Integers
11(12)
Introduction
12(1)
Quotients and Remainders
13(1)
The Well-Ordering Principle
14(1)
Proving the Division Algorithm
15(2)
Putting It All Together
17(1)
Congruence
18(2)
Concluding Activities
20(1)
Exercises
20(3)
3 Greatest Common Divisors
23(10)
Introduction
24(1)
Calculating Greatest Common Divisors
25(1)
The Euclidean Algorithm
26(1)
GCDs and Linear Combinations
27(3)
Well-Ordering, GCDs, and Linear Combinations
30(1)
Concluding Activities
31(1)
Exercises
31(2)
4 Prime Factorization
33(10)
Introduction
33(1)
Defining Prime
34(1)
The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
34(1)
Proving Existence
35(1)
Proving Uniqueness
36(2)
Putting It All Together
38(1)
Primes and Irreducibles in Other Number Systems
38(2)
Concluding Activities
40(1)
Exercises
40(3)
II Other Number Systems
43(34)
5 Equivalence Relations and Zn
45(18)
Congruence Classes
46(1)
Equivalence Relations
47(2)
Equivalence Classes
49(1)
The Number System Zn
50(2)
Binary Operations
52(3)
Zero Divisors and Units in Zn
55(2)
Concluding Activities
57(1)
Exercises
58(5)
6 Algebra in Other Number Systems
63(14)
Introduction
64(2)
Subsets of the Real Numbers
66(2)
The Complex Numbers
68(1)
Matrices
69(1)
Collections of Sets
70(1)
Putting It All Together
71(3)
Concluding Activities
74(1)
Exercises
75(2)
III Rings
77(58)
7 An Introduction to Rings
79(12)
Introduction
79(2)
Basic Properties of Rings
81(1)
Commutative Rings and Rings with Identity
81(1)
Uniqueness of Identities and Inverses
82(2)
Zero Divisors and Multiplicative Cancellation
84(2)
Fields and Integral Domains
86(1)
Concluding Activities
86(1)
Exercises
87(2)
Connections
89(2)
8 Integer Multiples and Exponents
91(14)
Introduction
92(1)
Integer Multiplication and Exponentiation
93(1)
Nonpositive Multiples and Exponents
94(1)
Properties of Integer Multiplication and Exponentiation
95(4)
The Characteristic of a Ring
99(2)
Concluding Activities
101(1)
Exercises
102(2)
Connections
104(1)
9 Subrings, Extensions, and Direct Sums
105(16)
Introduction
106(1)
The Subring Test
107(3)
Subfields and Field Extensions
110(3)
Direct Sums
113(3)
Concluding Activities
116(1)
Exercises
116(3)
Connections
119(2)
10 Isomorphism and Invariants
121(14)
Introduction
122(2)
Isomorphisms of Rings
124(3)
Renaming Elements
125(1)
Preserving Operations
125(2)
Proving Isomorphism
127(3)
Well-Defined Functions
129(1)
Disproving Isomorphism
130(1)
Invariants
130(1)
Concluding Activities
131(2)
Exercises
133(1)
Connections
134(1)
IV Polynomial Rings
135(80)
11 Polynomial Rings
137(16)
Polynomial Rings
138(4)
Polynomials over an Integral Domain
142(1)
Polynomial Functions
143(2)
Concluding Activities
145(1)
Exercises
146(2)
Connections
148(1)
Appendix -- Proof that R[ x] Is a Commutative Ring
148(5)
12 Divisibility in Polynomial Rings
153(14)
Introduction
153(2)
The Division Algorithm in F[ x]
155(4)
Greatest Common Divisors of Polynomials
159(2)
Relatively Prime Polynomials
161(1)
The Euclidean Algorithm for Polynomials
162(2)
Concluding Activities
164(1)
Exercises
164(1)
Connections
165(2)
13 Roots, Factors, and Irreducible Polynomials
167(12)
Polynomial Functions and Remainders
168(1)
Roots of Polynomials and the Factor Theorem
169(2)
Irreducible Polynomials
171(2)
Unique Factorization in F[ x]
173(3)
Concluding Activities
176(1)
Exercises
177(1)
Connections
178(1)
14 Irreducible Polynomials
179(20)
Introduction
180(1)
Factorization in C[ x]
180(1)
Factorization in R[ x]
181(1)
Factorization in Q[ x]
182(3)
Polynomials with No Linear Factors in Q[ x]
185(2)
Reducing Polynomials in Z[ x] Modulo Primes
187(1)
Eisenstein's Criterion
188(1)
Factorization in F[ x] for Other Fields F
189(1)
Summary
189(1)
The Cubic Formula
190(3)
Concluding Activities
193(1)
Exercises
194(2)
Appendix -- Proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
196(3)
15 Quotients of Polynomial Rings
199(16)
Introduction
200(1)
Congruence Modulo a Polynomial
200(1)
Congruence Classes of Polynomials
200(1)
The Set F[ x]/(f(x))
201(2)
Special Quotients of Polynomial Rings
203(2)
Algebraic Numbers
205(3)
Concluding Activities
208(1)
Exercises
209(3)
Connections
212(3)
V More Ring Theory
215(54)
16 Ideals and Homomorphisms
217(22)
Introduction
218(1)
Ideals
218(5)
Congruence Modulo an Ideal
223(2)
Maximal and Prime Ideals
225(2)
Homomorphisms
227(3)
The Kernel and Image of a Homomorphism
230(1)
The First Isomorphism Theorem for Rings
231(2)
Concluding Activities
233(1)
Exercises
233(4)
Connections
237(2)
17 Divisibility and Factorization in Integral Domains
239(10)
Introduction
239(1)
Divisibility and Euclidean Domains
240(1)
Primes and Irreducibles
240(2)
Unique Factorization Domains
242(1)
Proof 1 Generalizing Greatest Common Divisors
243(1)
Proof 2 Principal Ideal Domains
244(3)
Concluding Activities
247(1)
Exercises
247(1)
Connections
248(1)
18 From Z to C
249(20)
Introduction
250(1)
From W to Z
250(2)
Ordered Rings
252(2)
From Z to Q
254(2)
Ordering on Q
256(1)
From Q to R
257(3)
From R to C
260(1)
A Characterization of the Integers
261(3)
Concluding Activities
264(1)
Exercises
264(3)
Connections
267(2)
VI Groups
269(202)
19 Symmetry
271(12)
Introduction
271(1)
Symmetries
272(1)
Symmetries of Regular Polygons
273(4)
Concluding Activities
277(1)
Exercises
278(5)
20 An Introduction to Groups
283(12)
Groups
284(1)
Examples of Groups
285(1)
Basic Properties of Groups
286(1)
Identities and Inverses in a Group
287(1)
The Order of a Group
288(1)
Groups of Units
288(2)
Concluding Activities
290(1)
Exercises
291(2)
Connections
293(2)
21 Integer Powers of Elements in a Group
295(8)
Introduction
295(1)
Powers of Elements in a Group
296(4)
Concluding Activities
300(1)
Exercises
300(2)
Connections
302(1)
22 Subgroups
303(14)
Introduction
304(1)
The Subgroup Test
304(2)
The Center of a Group
306(1)
The Subgroup Generated by an Element
307(2)
Concluding Activities
309(1)
Exercises
310(4)
Connections
314(3)
23 Subgroups of Cyclic Groups
317(8)
Introduction
318(1)
Subgroups of Cyclic Groups
318(1)
Properties of the Order of an Element
319(2)
Finite Cyclic Groups
321(1)
Infinite Cyclic Groups
322(1)
Concluding Activities
322(1)
Exercises
322(3)
24 The Dihedral Groups
325(8)
Introduction
326(1)
Relationships between Elements in Dn
326(2)
Generators and Group Presentations
328(1)
Concluding Activities
329(1)
Exercises
330(2)
Connections
332(1)
25 The Symmetric Groups
333(14)
Introduction
334(1)
The Symmetric Group of a Set
334(1)
Permutation Notation and Cycles
335(1)
The Cycle Decomposition of a Permutation
336(3)
Transpositions
339(2)
Even and Odd Permutations and the Alternating Group
341(1)
Concluding Activities
342(1)
Exercises
342(4)
Connections
346(1)
26 Cosets and Lagrange's Theorem
347(12)
Introduction
347(1)
A Relation in Groups
348(1)
Cosets
349(1)
Lagrange's Theorem
350(3)
Concluding Activities
353(1)
Exercises
354(3)
Connections
357(2)
27 Normal Subgroups and Quotient Groups
359(22)
Introduction
360(1)
An Operation on Cosets
361(1)
Normal Subgroups
362(2)
Quotient Groups
364(1)
Cauchy's Theorem for Finite Abelian Groups
365(2)
Simple Groups and the Simplicity of An
367(5)
Concluding Activities
372(1)
Exercises
373(6)
Connections
379(2)
28 Products of Groups
381(12)
External Direct Products of Groups
382(2)
Orders of Elements in Direct Products
384(1)
Internal Direct Products in Groups
385(3)
Concluding Activities
388(1)
Exercises
389(2)
Connections
391(2)
29 Group Isomorphisms and Invariants
393(26)
Introduction
395(2)
Isomorphisms of Groups
397(3)
Renaming Elements
397(1)
Preserving Operations
398(2)
Proving Isomorphism
400(1)
Some Basic Properties of Isomorphisms
401(1)
Well-Defined Functions
401(1)
Disproving Isomorphism
402(1)
Invariants
403(1)
Isomorphism Classes
403(4)
Isomorphisms and Cyclic Groups
407(2)
Cayley's Theorem
409(2)
Concluding Activities
411(1)
Exercises
412(4)
Connections
416(3)
30 Homomorphisms and Isomorphism Theorems
419(14)
Homomorphisms
420(1)
The Kernel of a Homomorphism
421(1)
The Image of a Homomorphism
422(1)
The Isomorphism Theorems for Groups
423(4)
The First Isomorphism Theorem for Groups
423(1)
The Second Isomorphism Theorem for Groups
424(1)
The Third Isomorphism Theorem for Groups
425(1)
The Fourth Isomorphism Theorem for Groups
425(2)
Concluding Activities
427(1)
Exercises
427(4)
Connections
431(2)
31 The Fundamental Theorem of Finite Abelian Groups
433(14)
Introduction
434(1)
The Components: p-Groups
434(5)
The Fundamental Theorem
439(4)
Concluding Activities
443(1)
Exercises
444(3)
32 The First Sylow Theorem
447(14)
Introduction
448(1)
Conjugacy and the Class Equation
448(4)
The Class Equation
450(2)
Cauchy's Theorem
452(1)
The First Sylow Theorem
452(2)
The Second and Third Sylow Theorems
454(2)
Concluding Activities
456(1)
Exercises
457(2)
Connections
459(2)
33 The Second and Third Sylow Theorems
461(10)
Introduction
462(1)
Conjugate Subgroups and Normalizers
462(2)
The Second Sylow Theorem
464(2)
The Third Sylow Theorem
466(1)
Concluding Activities
467(1)
Exercises
468(3)
VII Special Topics
471(64)
34 RSA Encryption
473(10)
Introduction
474(1)
Congruence and Modular Arithmetic
474(1)
The Basics of RSA Encryption
475(1)
An Example
476(2)
Why RSA Works
478(2)
Concluding Thoughts and Notes
480(1)
Exercises
480(3)
35 Check Digits
483(10)
Introduction
483(1)
Check Digits
484(1)
Credit Card Check Digits
484(1)
ISBN Check Digits
485(1)
Verhoeff's Dihedral Group D5 Check
486(2)
Concluding Activities
488(1)
Exercises
489(2)
Connections
491(2)
36 Games: NIM and the 15 Puzzle
493(12)
The Game of NIM
493(5)
The 15 Puzzle
498(5)
Permutations and the 15 Puzzle
499(1)
Solving the 15 Puzzle
500(3)
Concluding Activities
503(1)
Exercises
503(1)
Connections
504(1)
37 Finite Fields, the Group of Units in Zn, and Splitting Fields
505(16)
Introduction
505(1)
Finite Fields
506(2)
The Group of Units of a Finite Field
508(2)
The Group of Units of Zn
510(2)
Splitting Fields
512(5)
Concluding Activities
517(1)
Exercises
518(1)
Connections
519(2)
38 Groups of Order 8 and 12: Semidirect Products of Groups
521(14)
Introduction
521(1)
Groups of Order 8
522(1)
Semi-direct Products of Groups
522(4)
Groups of Order 12 and p3
526(5)
Concluding Activities
531(1)
Exercises
531(2)
Connections
533(2)
A Functions
535(14)
Special Types of Functions: Injections and Surjections
536(4)
Injections
537(1)
Surjections
538(1)
The Importance of the Domain and Codomain
539(1)
Composition of Functions
540(2)
Inverse Functions
542(3)
Theorems about Inverse Functions
545(2)
Concluding Activities
547(1)
Exercises
547(2)
B Mathematical Induction and the Well-Ordering Principle
549(20)
Introduction
549(1)
The Principle of Mathematical Induction
550(3)
The Extended Principle of Mathematical Induction
553(2)
The Strong Form of Mathematical Induction
555(3)
The Well-Ordering Principle
558(4)
The Equivalence of the Well-Ordering Principle and the Principles of Mathematical Induction
562(3)
Concluding Activities
565(1)
Exercises
565(4)
Index 569
Jonathan K. Hodge, Steven Schlicker, Ted Sundstrom