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E-grāmata: Acquisition and Analysis of Terrestrial Gravity Data

(Georgia Institute of Technology),
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 17-Jan-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781139603829
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Acquisition and Analysis of Terrestrial Gravity DataPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 17-Jan-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781139603829
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"Gravity surveys have a huge range of applications, indicating density variations in the subsurface and identifying man-made structures, local changes of rock type or even deep-seated structures at the crust/mantle boundary. This important one-stop book combines an introductory manual of practical procedures with a full explanation of analysis techniques, enabling students, geophysicists, geologists and engineers to understand the methodology, applications and limitations of a gravity survey. Filled withexamples from a wide variety of acquisition problems, the book instructs students in avoiding common mistakes and misconceptions. It explores the increasing near-surface geophysical applications being opened up by improvements in instrumentation and provides more advance-level material as a useful introduction to potential theory. This is a key text for graduate students of geophysics and for professionals using gravity surveys, from civil engineers and archaeologists to oil and mineral prospectors and geophysicists seeking to learn more about the Earth's deep interior"--

"Gravity surveys, detecting minute variations at the Earth's surface, have a huge range of applications, indicating density variations in the subsurface and identifying man-made structures, local changes of rock type, or even deep-seated structures at the crust/mantle boundary. This important one-stop book combines an introductory manual of practical procedures with a full explanation of analysis techniques, enabling students, geophysicists, geologists and engineers to fully understand the methodology, applications, and limitations of a gravity survey. Filled with examples from a wide variety of acquisition problems, the book instructs students in avoiding common mistakes and misconceptions. The authors also explore the increasing near-surface geophysical applications being opened up by improvements in instrumentation, and provide some more advance-level material to give a useful introduction to potential theory"--

Recenzijas

' the topics presented are given in greater detail than in some other volumes, and the authors present precisely what the title states. this book varies from others gravity volumes starting in Section 4, 'Graphical representation of the anomalous field.' Here, map projections are described, followed by a discussion of accuracy, precision, linear interpolation, optimal linear interpolation, and covariance/auto covariance functions The book is written at the advanced undergraduate level The black-and-white figures are numerous, large, and well presented. A large kudos is given to the authors whose Appendix B is a two-page glossary of symbols - something lacking in most geophysical texts I would recommend them to anyone either working in the field of gravity exploration or tectonics or wanting to learn about Earth's gravity.' Patrick Taylor, The Leading Edge

Papildus informācija

A one-stop manual for graduate students and professionals, combining introductory gravity survey procedures with full explanations of analysis techniques.
Preface x
1 Gravitational attraction
1(9)
1.1 Universal gravitational attraction
1(2)
1.2 Gravitational acceleration
3(1)
1.3 Gravitational potential of a point mass
4(1)
1.4 Gravitational potential of a solid body
5(2)
1.5 Surface potential
7(1)
1.6 Attraction of a sphere
8(1)
1.7 Units of acceleration
9(1)
2 Instruments and data reduction
10(31)
2.1 The gravitational constant
10(1)
2.2 Absolute measurements
11(2)
2.3 Relative measurements
13(3)
2.4 Instruments for gravity-gradient measurements
16(1)
2.5 Data reduction
17(4)
2.6 Variation with latitude
21(3)
2.7 Atmospheric correction
24(1)
2.8 Free air correction
24(3)
2.9 The simple Bouguer correction
27(2)
2.10 Terrain corrections
29(3)
2.11 Isostatic anomaly
32(6)
2.12 Characteristics of the different reductions
38(3)
3 Field acquisition of gravity data
41(7)
3.1 Introduction
41(1)
3.2 Planning the survey
42(1)
3.3 Suggested documentation
43(1)
3.4 Base station network
44(1)
3.5 Monitoring meter drift
45(1)
3.6 Same-day data reduction
46(2)
4 Graphical representation of the anomalous field
48(21)
4.1 Map scale and implied accuracy
48(3)
4.2 Map projections
51(1)
4.3 The accuracy of gravity data measurements
52(2)
4.4 Observational determination of precision
54(1)
4.5 Linear interpolation of gravity data
55(2)
4.6 Accuracy of linear interpolation
57(3)
4.7 Optimal linear interpolation
60(2)
4.8 Accuracy of the gravity gradient
62(1)
4.9 Precision of a gravity map
63(1)
4.10 The correlation and covariance functions
63(3)
4.11 Computation of the autocovariance function
66(3)
5 Manipulation of the gravity field
69(30)
5.1 Objective of gravity field manipulation
69(1)
5.2 Anomalies: regional, local, and noise
70(1)
5.3 Smoothing
71(3)
5.4 Examination of a three-point smoothing operator
74(2)
5.5 Orthogonal function decomposition
76(2)
5.6 The discrete Fourier transform
78(8)
5.7 Least squares criteria for fitting data
86(1)
5.8 Polynomials
87(1)
5.9 Upward continuation
87(4)
5.10 Numerical integration of upward continuation
91(1)
5.11 Fourier transform continuation
92(1)
5.12 Finite-difference methods
93(1)
5.13 Analytical continuation
94(5)
6 Interpretation of density structure
99(30)
6.1 Introduction
99(1)
6.2 Densities of rocks
100(4)
6.3 Nettleton's method for determination of reduction density
104(2)
6.4 Seismic velocity as a constraint for rock density
106(1)
6.5 Gravity anomalies from spherical density structures
107(5)
6.6 The attraction of a thin rod
112(2)
6.7 Attraction of a horizontal cylinder of finite length
114(2)
6.8 The two-dimensional potential
116(1)
6.9 Vertical sheet
117(2)
6.10 Horizontal half-sheet
119(2)
6.11 Two-dimensional polygonal-shaped bodies
121(4)
6.12 Polygons of attracting mass in a horizontal sheet
125(4)
7 The inversion of gravity data
129(20)
7.1 Introduction
129(2)
7.2 Depth of a basin as layer thicknesses
131(2)
7.3 Depth in a basin as an overdetermined inverse problem
133(3)
7.4 Stripping by layers
136(2)
7.5 Formulation of an underdetermined inverse problem
138(1)
7.6 The minimum length solution of the underdetermined inverse problem
138(4)
7.7 Seismic velocity as a constraint
142(1)
7.8 Maximum likelihood inversion
143(6)
8 Experimental isostasy
149(12)
8.1 The isostatic reduction
149(1)
8.2 The isostatic response function
149(2)
8.3 Determination of the isostatic response function
151(4)
8.4 Interpretation of the isostatic response function
155(1)
8.5 Example computation of the admittance and isostatic response functions
156(2)
8.6 Isostasy in coastal plain sediments
158(3)
Appendix A Common definitions and equations in potential theory 161(4)
Appendix B Glossary of symbols 165(2)
References 167(3)
Index 170
Leland Timothy Long is Emeritus Professor of Geophysics at Georgia Institute of Technology, where he has taught geophysics for over 40 years, on topics including exploration geophysics, potential theory, seismology, data analysis and earth science. He is also a licensed Professional Geologist in Georgia and consults on topics of gravity data interpretation, seismic hazard and blast vibration. Professor Long's research interests in potential methods include the interpretation of regional crustal structures for seismic hazards, deflections of the vertical, statistical properties of gravity field, and microgravity for the detection of sink holes, and his research interests in seismology have emphasized seismicity, seismic networks, induced seismology, many aspects of theoretical seismology related to scattering and scattering inversion, and near-surface surface wave analysis. In 2006, Professor Long was awarded the Jesuit Seismological Association Award honouring outstanding contributions to observational seismology. Ronald Douglas Kaufmann founded Spotlight Geophysical Services in 2009 and has over 20 years of geophysical consulting experience, including positions of Vice President and Senior Geophysicist at Technos, Inc. and postgraduate experience at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. He holds an MS degree in geophysics from Georgia Institute of Technology and is a licensed professional geophysicist in the State of California. He has led geophysical investigations of the Panama Canal expansion, nuclear power plants, Superfund sites, and other high-profile projects within the United States and abroad. Mr Kaufmann is an expert in the use of microgravity for karst investigations and has been instrumental in the development of geophysical methods in shallow marine environments. He is author and co-author of over thirty professional papers that focus on the application of geophysical techniques. He is a Board member of the Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society (EEGS) and a Section officer for the Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists (AEG).
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