Preface |
|
ix | |
|
|
xi | |
|
|
1 | (4) |
|
|
5 | (6) |
|
|
5 | (2) |
|
2.2 Classes of Activities |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
8 | (3) |
|
|
11 | (30) |
|
3.1 Sensors Used for Activity Learning |
|
|
11 | (6) |
|
3.1.1 Sensors in the Environment |
|
|
12 | (3) |
|
3.1.2 Sensors on the Body |
|
|
15 | (2) |
|
3.2 Sample Sensor Datasets |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
|
17 | (17) |
|
|
21 | (2) |
|
3.3.2 Discrete Event Features |
|
|
23 | (2) |
|
3.3.3 Statistical Features |
|
|
25 | (6) |
|
|
31 | (3) |
|
3.3.5 Activity Context Features |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
|
34 | (4) |
|
|
38 | (3) |
|
|
41 | (34) |
|
4.1 Supervised Learning Framework |
|
|
41 | (3) |
|
4.2 Naive Bayes Classifier |
|
|
44 | (4) |
|
4.3 Gaussian Mixture Model |
|
|
48 | (2) |
|
|
50 | (4) |
|
|
54 | (2) |
|
4.6 Support Vector Machine |
|
|
56 | (6) |
|
4.7 Conditional Random Field |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
4.8 Combining Classifier Models |
|
|
63 | (3) |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
4.9 Dimensionality Reduction |
|
|
66 | (6) |
|
|
72 | (3) |
|
|
75 | (32) |
|
5.1 Activity Segmentation |
|
|
76 | (5) |
|
|
81 | (7) |
|
5.2.1 Time Based Windowing |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
5.2.2 Size Based Windowing |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
5.2.3 Weighting Events Within a Window |
|
|
83 | (4) |
|
5.2.4 Dynamic Window Sizes |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
5.3 Unsupervised Segmentation |
|
|
88 | (4) |
|
5.4 Measuring Performance |
|
|
92 | (11) |
|
5.4.1 Classifier-Based Activity Recognition Performance Metrics |
|
|
95 | (4) |
|
5.4.2 Event-Based Activity Recognition Performance Metrics |
|
|
99 | (3) |
|
5.4.3 Experimental Frameworks for Evaluating Activity Recognition |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
103 | (4) |
|
|
107 | (20) |
|
|
108 | (2) |
|
|
110 | (7) |
|
6.2.1 Frequency-Based Sequence Mining |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
6.2.2 Compression-Based Sequence Mining |
|
|
112 | (5) |
|
|
117 | (2) |
|
|
119 | (2) |
|
6.5 Measuring Performance |
|
|
121 | (3) |
|
|
121 | (3) |
|
|
124 | (3) |
|
|
127 | (22) |
|
7.1 Activity Sequence Prediction |
|
|
128 | (5) |
|
|
133 | (4) |
|
7.3 Probabilistic Graph-Based Activity Prediction |
|
|
137 | (2) |
|
7.4 Rule-Based Activity Timing Prediction |
|
|
139 | (3) |
|
7.5 Measuring Performance |
|
|
142 | (4) |
|
|
146 | (3) |
|
8 Activity Learning in the Wild |
|
|
149 | (46) |
|
8.1 Collecting Annotated Sensor Data |
|
|
149 | (9) |
|
|
158 | (12) |
|
8.2.1 Instance and Label Transfer |
|
|
162 | (4) |
|
8.2.2 Feature Transfer with No Co-occurrence Data |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
8.2.3 Informed Feature Transfer with Co-occurrence Data |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
8.2.4 Uninformed Feature Transfer with Co-occurrence Data Using a Teacher--Learner Model |
|
|
168 | (2) |
|
8.2.5 Uninformed Feature Transfer with Co-occurrence Data Using Feature Space Alignment |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
|
170 | (10) |
|
8.3.1 Problem Transformation |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
8.3.2 Label Dependency Exploitation |
|
|
174 | (5) |
|
8.3.3 Evaluating the Performance of Multi-Label Learning Algorithms |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
8.4 Activity Learning for Multiple Individuals |
|
|
180 | (10) |
|
8.4.1 Learning Group Activities |
|
|
180 | (3) |
|
8.4.2 Train on One/Test on Multiple |
|
|
183 | (2) |
|
8.4.3 Separating Event Streams |
|
|
185 | (3) |
|
8.4.4 Tracking Multiple Users |
|
|
188 | (2) |
|
|
190 | (5) |
|
9 Applications of Activity Learning |
|
|
195 | (18) |
|
|
195 | (3) |
|
9.2 Activity-Aware Services |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
9.3 Security and Emergency Management |
|
|
199 | (2) |
|
9.4 Activity Reconstruction, Expression and Visualization |
|
|
201 | (6) |
|
9.5 Analyzing Human Dynamics |
|
|
207 | (3) |
|
|
210 | (3) |
|
10 The Future of Activity Learning |
|
|
213 | (4) |
Appendix: Sample Activity Data |
|
217 | (20) |
Bibliography |
|
237 | (16) |
Index |
|
253 | |