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1 Prologue: The Origins of the First Adapted Primary Literature |
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1 | (14) |
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How the APL Idea Was Initiated |
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3 | (1) |
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How the APL Idea Was Initially Realized |
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4 | (1) |
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How the APL-Based Curriculum Was Initially Implemented |
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5 | (1) |
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How the APL Idea Was Further Developed |
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6 | (2) |
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How the APL Acronym Was Coined |
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8 | (1) |
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How the APL Idea Expanded |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (6) |
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Part I The Theory of Adapted Primary Literature |
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2 Adapting Primary Literature for Promoting Scientific Literacy |
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15 | (18) |
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Learning from Scientific Texts |
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15 | (8) |
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Genres of Scientific Text |
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16 | (3) |
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Two Perspectives on Scientific Text Genres |
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19 | (4) |
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Authentic Scientific Texts in Science and in School |
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23 | (4) |
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The Use of Texts in Authentic Scientific Research |
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25 | (1) |
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The Use of Authentic Texts in School Science |
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26 | (1) |
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Inquiry into Authentic Scientific Texts and the Promotion of Scientific Literacy |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (5) |
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3 Foundations for Conceptualizing APL |
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33 | (26) |
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Reading Is Important to Science and Scientists |
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33 | (5) |
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The Empirical Basis of Science |
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33 | (1) |
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The Literacy Basis of Science |
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34 | (4) |
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The Structure of Science Texts |
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38 | (4) |
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Three Meanings of `Structure' |
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38 | (1) |
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The Importance of Understanding Structure |
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39 | (3) |
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42 | (1) |
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Contrasting Examples: The Recognition of Structure and the Determination of Meaning |
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42 | (7) |
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Contrasts Between Experimental and Theoretical Papers |
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42 | (2) |
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Contrasts Between and Within Disciplines |
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44 | (4) |
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Section Discussion and Summary |
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48 | (1) |
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Representation of Epistemology in Scientific Texts |
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49 | (4) |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (3) |
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4 APL and Reading in Science Classrooms |
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59 | (24) |
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Reading Science as a Proper Goal of Science Education |
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60 | (7) |
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Reading Scientific Text Is Part of Scientific Inquiry |
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60 | (2) |
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Scientific Literacy in Its Fundamental Sense |
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62 | (1) |
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Critical Scientific Literacy |
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63 | (2) |
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Reading Science and the Nature of Science |
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65 | (2) |
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APL as a Tool to Teach Reading in Science |
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67 | (11) |
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APL Can Inspire and Support Inquiry |
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67 | (10) |
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APL and Conceptual Understanding of Science |
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77 | (1) |
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APL and the Nature of Science |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (4) |
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Part II The Practice of Adapted Primary Literature |
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5 Creating and Using Adapted Primary Literature |
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83 | (26) |
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A Step-By-Step Description of How to Develop APL |
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83 | (12) |
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Choosing a Suitable Article |
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84 | (3) |
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Adapting Research Articles |
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87 | (7) |
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A Summary of the Suggested Sequence of Steps for Creating an APL |
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94 | (1) |
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Instructional Approaches Developed for the Use of APL in Schools |
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95 | (8) |
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A Conversational Approach to Learning Through Research Articles |
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95 | (4) |
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Opening the Teaching and Learning of APL |
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99 | (3) |
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Benefits and Limitations of the Instructional Approaches |
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102 | (1) |
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Ways to Support Teachers in Using APL |
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103 | (4) |
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Workshops for Teachers Implementing the APL-Based Curricula |
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103 | (1) |
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A Teachers' Guide for One of the APL-Based Curricula |
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104 | (3) |
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107 | (2) |
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6 Teaching Scientific Reading |
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109 | (16) |
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Young Adults' Critical Reading in Science |
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109 | (3) |
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112 | (3) |
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Teaching Science Reading in School |
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115 | (5) |
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Science Reading Instruction in Elementary School |
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115 | (1) |
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How Science Reading Instruction Might Be Different in Elementary School |
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116 | (2) |
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How Science Reading Instruction Might Be Different in High School |
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118 | (2) |
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120 | (3) |
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123 | (2) |
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7 Applications of Adapted Primary Literature |
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125 | (20) |
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Outcomes of Learning Science Using APL |
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126 | (8) |
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Learning an APL Article in a Laboratory Setting (No Teacher Intervention) |
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126 | (3) |
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Learning an APL Article in a Classroom Setting |
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129 | (5) |
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Outcomes of Combining APL with Other Text Genres |
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134 | (6) |
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Learning Using Various Scientific Text Genres with No Teacher Intervention |
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134 | (4) |
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Learning Using Various Scientific Text Genres in Class |
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138 | (2) |
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Suggested Learning Progression for the Use of APL |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (4) |
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Part III A Compendium of Adapted Primary Literature Annotated for Critical Reading |
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8 Developing an Inhibitor of Anthrax Toxin: Annotated Examples of Adapted Primary Literature (APL) and Journalistic Reported Version (JRV) Articles |
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145 | (16) |
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Developing an Inhibitor of Anthrax Toxin |
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146 | (9) |
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146 | (3) |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (2) |
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A Successful Experiment on the Way to Find a Drug for Anthrax |
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155 | (4) |
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159 | (2) |
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9 West Nile Virus: An Annotated Example of an Adapted Primary Literature (APL) Article |
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161 | (18) |
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West Nile Virus: When Will an Outbreak Occur and How Can We Prevent It? |
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162 | (15) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (4) |
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Model Variables and Parameters |
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169 | (4) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (3) |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (2) |
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10 Coronal Heating: An Annotated Example of an Adapted Primary Literature (APL) Article |
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179 | (18) |
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The Coronal Heating Problem |
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180 | (15) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (3) |
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Coronal Heating Requirement |
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184 | (3) |
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Three Arguments for Heating in the Chromosphere/Transition Region |
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187 | (7) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (2) |
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11 Maritime Archaic Indians in Newfoundland: An Annotated Example of an Adapted Primary Literature (APL) Article |
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197 | (12) |
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Did Early Maritime Archaic Indians Ever Live in Newfoundland? |
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198 | (9) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (3) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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Epilogue: The Basis of and Possibilities for Adapted Primary Literature |
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209 | (6) |
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210 | (3) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (20) |
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Appendix A An Example of an Adapted Primary Literature (APL) Article |
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215 | (8) |
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Absence of Skeletal Muscle in Mouse Embryos Carrying a Mutation in the Myogenin Gene |
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215 | (8) |
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Appendix B An Example of an Adapted Primary Literature (APL) Article |
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223 | (12) |
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Expression of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Toxin in Chloroplasts of Tobacco Plants Imparts Resistance to Insects |
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223 | (12) |
Index |
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235 | |