About the Author |
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xv | |
Series Editor's Preface |
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xvii | |
Preface |
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xix | |
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1 | (22) |
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1 | (3) |
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1.2 Unsteady Aerodynamics |
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4 | (3) |
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1.3 Linear Feedback Design |
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7 | (4) |
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1.4 Parametric Uncertainty and Variation |
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11 | (2) |
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1.5 Adaptive Control Design |
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13 | (7) |
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1.5.7 Adaptive Control Laws |
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15 | (5) |
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20 | (3) |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (64) |
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23 | (1) |
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2.2 Basic Control Concepts |
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23 | (3) |
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2.3 Input--Output Representation |
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26 | (2) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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2.4 Input--Output Linear Systems |
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28 | (5) |
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2.4.1 Laplace Transform and Transfer Function |
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30 | (3) |
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2.5 Loop Shaping of Linear Control Systems |
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33 | (9) |
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34 | (2) |
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2.5.2 Gain and Phase Margins |
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36 | (2) |
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2.5.3 Loop Shaping for Single Variable Systems |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (2) |
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2.5.5 Multi-variable Robustness Analysis: Input--Output Model |
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42 | (1) |
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2.6 State-Space Representation |
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42 | (10) |
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2.6.7 State-Space Theory of Linear Systems |
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43 | (6) |
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2.6.2 State Feedback by Eigenstructure Assignment |
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49 | (1) |
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2.6.3 Linear Observers and Output Feedback Compensators |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (13) |
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57 | (2) |
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2.7.2 Filtering of Random Noise |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (4) |
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65 | (6) |
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2.8.1 Euler--Lagrange Equations |
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65 | (2) |
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2.8.2 Linear, Quadratic Optimal Control |
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67 | (4) |
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2.9 Robust Control Design by LQG/LTR Synthesis |
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71 | (6) |
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77 | (4) |
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2.10.1 H2 Design Procedure |
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79 | (1) |
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2.10.2 H∞ Design Procedure |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (6) |
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2.11.1 Linear Fractional Transformation |
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83 | (3) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (52) |
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88 | (10) |
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88 | (3) |
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91 | (2) |
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3.1.3 Typical Wing Section |
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93 | (5) |
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3.2 Aerodynamic Modelling Concepts |
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98 | (8) |
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5.2.7 Governing Equations for Unsteady Flow |
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99 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Full-Potential Equation |
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100 | (4) |
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3.2.3 Transonic Small-Disturbance Equation |
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104 | (2) |
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3.3 Baseline Aerodynamic Model |
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106 | (9) |
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3.3.1 Integral Equation Formulation |
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108 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Subsonic Unsteady Aerodynamics |
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109 | (5) |
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3.3.3 Supersonic Unsteady Aerodynamics |
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114 | (1) |
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3.4 Preliminary Aeroelastic Modelling Concepts |
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115 | (5) |
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3.5 Ideal Flow Model for Typical Section |
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120 | (5) |
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3.6 Transient Aerodynamics of Typical Section |
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125 | (1) |
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3.7 State-Space Model of the Typical Section |
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126 | (2) |
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3.8 Generalized Aeroelastic Plant |
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128 | (11) |
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135 | (4) |
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4 Active Flutter Suppression |
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139 | (32) |
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4.1 Single Degree-of-Freedom Flutter |
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141 | (5) |
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4.2 Bending-Torsion Flutter |
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146 | (1) |
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4.3 Active Suppression of Single Degree-of-Freedom Flutter |
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147 | (6) |
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4.4 Active Flutter Suppression of Typical Section |
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153 | (4) |
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4.4.1 Open-Loop Flutter Analysis |
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154 | (3) |
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4.5 Linear Feedback Stabilization |
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157 | (7) |
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4.5.1 Pole-Placement Regulator Design |
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157 | (3) |
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160 | (2) |
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4.5.3 Robustness of Compensated System |
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162 | (2) |
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4.6 Active Flutter Suppression of Three-Dimensional Wings |
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164 | (7) |
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168 | (3) |
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171 | (10) |
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171 | (1) |
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5.2 Online Plant Identification |
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172 | (4) |
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5.2.1 Least-Squares Parameter Estimation |
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172 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Least-Squares Method with Exponential Forgetting |
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174 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Projection Algorithm |
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174 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Autoregressive Identification |
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175 | (1) |
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5.3 Design Methods for Stochastic Self-Tuning Regulators |
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176 | (1) |
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5.4 Aeroservoelastic Applications |
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176 | (5) |
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180 | (1) |
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6 Nonlinear Systems Analysis and Design |
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181 | (22) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (3) |
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6.2.1 Existence and Uniqueness of Solution |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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6.3 Stability in the Sense of Lyapunov |
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185 | (7) |
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6.3.1 Local Linearization about Equilibrium Point |
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187 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Lyapunov Stability Theorem |
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189 | (3) |
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6.3.3 LaSalle Invariance Theorem |
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192 | (1) |
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6.4 Input--Output Stability |
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192 | (3) |
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6.4.1 Hamilton--Jacobi Inequality |
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193 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Input-State Stability |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (8) |
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6.5.7 Positive Real Transfer Matrix |
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196 | (2) |
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6.5.2 Stability of Passive Systems |
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198 | (2) |
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6.5.3 Feedback Design for Passive Systems |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (2) |
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7 Nonlinear Oscillatory Systems and Describing Functions |
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203 | (14) |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (5) |
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7.2.7 Popov Stability Criteria |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (3) |
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7.3 Describing Function Approximation |
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210 | (2) |
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7.4 Applications to Aeroservoelastic Systems |
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212 | (5) |
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7.4.1 Nonlinear and Uncertain Aeroelastic Plant |
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213 | (3) |
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216 | (1) |
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8 Model Reference Adaptation of Aeroservoelastic Systems |
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217 | (38) |
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8.1 Lyapunov-Like Stability of Non-autonomous Systems |
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218 | (5) |
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8.1.1 Uniform Ultimate Boundedness |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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8.1.3 LaSalle--Yoshizawa Theorem |
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220 | (3) |
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8.2 Gradient-Based Adaptation |
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223 | (2) |
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8.2.1 Least-Squared Error Adaptation |
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225 | (1) |
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8.3 Lyapunov-Based Adaptation |
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225 | (8) |
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8.3.1 Nonlinear Gain Evolution |
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228 | (3) |
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8.3.2 MRAS for Single-Input Systems |
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231 | (2) |
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8.4 Aeroservoelastic Applications |
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233 | (22) |
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8.4.1 Reference Aeroelastic Model |
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234 | (2) |
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8.4.2 Adaptive Flutter Suppression of Typical Section |
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236 | (5) |
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8.4.3 Adaptive Stabilization of Flexible Fighter Aircraft |
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241 | (13) |
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254 | (1) |
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9 Adaptive Backstepping Control |
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255 | (10) |
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255 | (1) |
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9.2 Integrator Backstepping |
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256 | (7) |
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9.2.1 A Motivating Example |
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257 | (6) |
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9.3 Aeroservoelastic Application |
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263 | (2) |
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264 | (1) |
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10 Adaptive Control of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems |
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265 | (30) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (7) |
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10.2.1 Extension to Observer-Based Feedback |
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268 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Modified Integral Adaptation with Observer |
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269 | (4) |
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10.3 Model Reference Adaptation of Nonlinear Plant |
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273 | (2) |
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10.4 Robust Model Reference Adaptation |
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275 | (20) |
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10.4.1 Output-Feedback Design |
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285 | (3) |
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10.4.2 Adaptive Flutter Suppression of a Three-Dimensional Wing |
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288 | (6) |
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294 | (1) |
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11 Adaptive Transonic Aeroservoelasticity |
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295 | (36) |
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11.1 Steady Transonic Flow Characteristics |
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296 | (3) |
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11.2 Unsteady Transonic Flow Characteristics |
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299 | (11) |
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11.2.1 Thin Airfoil with Oscillating Flap |
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300 | (8) |
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11.2.2 Supercritical Airfoil Oscillating in Pitch |
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308 | (2) |
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11.3 Modelling for Transonic Unsteady Aerodynamics |
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310 | (6) |
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311 | (1) |
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11.3.2 Volterra--Wiener Method |
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312 | (1) |
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11.3.3 Describing Function Method |
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313 | (3) |
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11.4 Transonic Aeroelastic Plant |
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316 | (1) |
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11.5 Adaptive Control of Control-Surface Nonlinearity |
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317 | (5) |
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11.5.1 Transonic Flutter Mechanism |
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319 | (3) |
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11.6 Adaptive Control of Limit-Cycle Oscillation |
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322 | (9) |
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330 | (1) |
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Appendix A Analytical Solution for Ideal Unsteady Aerodynamics |
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331 | (8) |
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A.1 Pure Heaving Oscillation |
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335 | (1) |
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A.2 Kussner--Schwarz Solution for General Oscillation |
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336 | (3) |
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337 | (2) |
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Appendix B Solution to Possio's Integral Equation for Subsonic, Unsteady Aerodynamics |
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339 | (8) |
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B.1 Dietze's Iterative Solution |
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340 | (1) |
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B.2 Analytical Solution by Fettis |
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341 | (3) |
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344 | (3) |
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345 | (2) |
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Appendix C Flutter Analysis of Modified DAST-ARW1 Wing |
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347 | (12) |
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357 | (2) |
Index |
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