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E-grāmata: Adhesive Particle Flow: A Discrete-Element Approach

(Tsinghua University, Beijing), (University of Vermont)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 31-Mar-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781139950275
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Adhesive Particle Flow: A Discrete-Element ApproachPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 31-Mar-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781139950275
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"A particulate flow is one in which a moving fluid interacts with a large number of discrete solid particles. The category is extraordinarily broad, encompassing everything from suspended dust carried by atmospheric winds to avalanches of debris or snow rolling down a hillside. Widely varying industrial, biological and environmental processes can be interpreted as particulate flows, encompassing areas of study such as sediment transport by stream and coastal flows, aerosol dynamics, colloidal suspensions, fluidized bed reactors, granular flows, slurries, nanoparticle dispersions, etc. There are also many situations where a suspension of biological cells can be interpreted as a particulate fluid, which extends the notion of particulate flow to problems such as blood flow and algal suspensions. Finally, there are many aspects of the methods used to analyze and model particulate flows that can be either directly applied or applied with small modifications to other types of multiphase flows, including droplet dispersions and bubbly flows, assuming that the deformation of the droplets and bubbles is minimal. Despite the many different forms in which we encounter them, there are a number of characteristics that are shared by most particulate flows. Some of these characteristics arise from the interaction of the individual particles with the surrounding fluid. For instance, a particulate flow past a blunt body tends to exert a higher drag force than the body would experience in the fluid with no particles"--

Papildus informācija

This is targeted at professionals and graduate students working in disciplines where flow of adhesive particles plays a significant role.
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
1 Introduction 1(28)
1.1 Adhesive Particle Flow
1(4)
1.2 Dimensionless Parameters and Related Simplifications
5(10)
1.2.1 Stokes Number
5(2)
1.2.2 Density Ratio
7(1)
1.2.3 Length Scale Ratios
8(2)
1.2.4 Particle Reynolds Number
10(1)
1.2.5 Particle Concentration and Mass Loading
11(3)
1.2.6 Bagnold Number
14(1)
1.2.7 Adhesion Parameter
15(1)
1.3 Applications
15(14)
1.3.1 Fibrous Filtration Processes
15(3)
1.3.2 Extraterrestrial Dust Fouling
18(3)
1.3.3 Wet Granular Material
21(2)
1.3.4 Blood Flow
23(2)
1.3.5 Aerosol Reaction Engineering
25(4)
2 Modeling Viewpoints and Approaches 29(22)
2.1 A Question of Scale
29(1)
2.2 Macroscale Particle Methods
30(4)
2.2.1 Discrete Parcel Method
30(2)
2.2.2 Population Balance Method
32(2)
2.3 Mesoscale Particle Methods
34(7)
2.3.1 Molecular Dynamics
36(1)
2.3.2 Brownian Dynamics
37(1)
2.3.3 Dissipative Particle Dynamics
38(2)
2.3.4 Discrete Element Method
40(1)
2.4 Microscale Dynamics of Elastohydrodynamic Particle Collisions
41(10)
2.4.1 Microscale Simulations of Elastohydrodynamic Interactions
42(2)
2.4.2 Experimental Results for Two-Particle Collisions
44(2)
2.4.3 Simplified Models for Restitution Coefficient in a Viscous Fluid
46(5)
3 Contact Mechanics without Adhesion 51(30)
3.1 Basic Concepts
51(3)
3.2 Hertz Theory: Normal Elastic Force
54(4)
3.2.1 Derivation
55(1)
3.2.2 Two-Particle Collision
56(2)
3.3 Normal Dissipation Force
58(8)
3.3.1 Physical Mechanisms
58(3)
3.3.2 Models for Solid-Phase Dissipation Force
61(5)
3.4 Hysteretic Models for Normal Contact with Plastic Deformation
66(3)
3.5 Sliding and Twisting Resistance
69(5)
3.5.1 Physical Mechanisms of Sliding and Twisting Resistance
69(3)
3.5.2 Sliding Resistance Model
72(1)
3.5.3 Twisting Resistance Model.
73(1)
3.6 Rolling Resistance
74(7)
3.6.1 Rolling Velocity
74(3)
3.6.2 Physical Mechanism of Rolling Resistance
77(1)
3.6.3 Model for Rolling Resistance
78(3)
4 Contact Mechanics with Adhesion Forces 81(49)
4.1 Basic Concepts and the Surface Energy Density
82(4)
4.2 Contact Mechanics with van der Waals Force
86(14)
4.2.1 Models for Normal Contact Force
86(10)
4.2.2 Normal Dissipation Force and Its Validation
96(2)
4.2.3 Effect of Adhesion on Sliding and Twisting Resistance
98(1)
4.2.4 Effect of Adhesion on Rolling Resistance
99(1)
4.3 Electrical Double-Layer Force
100(7)
4.3.1 Stern and Diffuse Layers
101(1)
4.3.2 Ionic Shielding of Charged Particles
102(1)
4.3.3 DLVO Theory
103(4)
4.4 Protein Binding
107(4)
4.5 Liquid Bridging Adhesion
111(9)
4.5.1 Capillary Force
111(5)
4.5.2 Effect of Roughness on Capillary Cohesion
116(1)
4.5.3 Viscous Force
117(1)
4.5.4 Rupture Distance
118(1)
4.5.5 Capillary Torque on a Rolling Particle
118(2)
4.6 Sintering Force
120(10)
4.6.1 Sintering Regime Map
121(2)
4.6.2 Approximate Sintering Models
123(1)
4.6.3 Hysteretic Sintering Contact Model
124(6)
5 Fluid Forces on Particles 130(52)
5.1 Drag Force and Viscous Torque
131(7)
5.1.1 Effect of Flow Nonuniformity
131(1)
5.1.2 Effect of Fluid Inertia
132(3)
5.1.3 Effect of Surface Slip
135(3)
5.2 Lift Force
138(3)
5.2.1 Saffman Lift Force
138(2)
5.2.2 Magnus Lift Force
140(1)
5.3 Forces in Unsteady Flows
141(4)
5.3.1 Pressure-Gradient (Buoyancy) Force
141(1)
5.3.2 Added Mass Force
142(1)
5.3.3 History Force
143(2)
5.4 Brownian Motion
145(2)
5.5 Scaling Analysis
147(4)
5.6 Near-Wall Effects
151(5)
5.6.1 Drag Force
151(3)
5.6.2 Lift Force
154(2)
5.7 Effect of Surrounding Particles
156(9)
5.7.1 Flow through Packed Beds
159(1)
5.7.2 Flow through Fluidized Beds
159(2)
5.7.3 Simulations
161(3)
5.7.4 Effect of Particle Polydispersity
164(1)
5.8 Stokesian Dynamics
165(5)
5.8.1 Example for Falling Cluster of Particles
165(4)
5.8.2 General Theory
169(1)
5.9 Particle Interactions with Acoustic Fields
170(12)
5.9.1 Orthokinetic Motion
172(1)
5.9.2 Acoustic Wake Effect
173(9)
6 Particle Dispersion in Turbulent Flows 182(24)
6.1 Particle Motion in Turbulent Flows
182(3)
6.2 Particle Drift Measure
185(3)
6.3 Particle Collision Models
188(7)
6.3.1 Collision Mechanisms
188(2)
6.3.2 Orthokinetic Collisions (Small Stokes Numbets)
190(2)
6.3.3 Accelerative-Independent Collisions (Large Stokes Numbers)
192(1)
6.3.4 Accelerative-Correlative Collisions (Intermediate Stokes Numbers)
192(3)
6.4 Dynamic Models for Particle Dispersion
195(4)
6.5 Dynamic Models for Particle Clustering
199(7)
7 Ellipsoidal Particles 206(17)
7.1 Particle Dynamics
207(2)
7.2 Fluid Forces
209(2)
7.3 Collision Detection and Contact Point Identification
211(6)
7.3.1 Two-Dimensional Algorithms
212(1)
7.3.2 Algorithms Based on a Common Normal Vector
213(1)
7.3.3 Algorithms Based on Geometric Level Surfaces
214(3)
7.4 Contact Forces
217(6)
7.4.1 Geometry of Colliding Particles
217(1)
7.4.2 Hertz Theory for Ellipsoidal Particles
218(5)
8 Particle Interactions with Electric and Magnetic Fields 223(33)
8.1 Electric Field Forces and Torques
224(7)
8.1.1 Coulomb Force and Dielectrophoresis
224(3)
8.1.2 Dielectrophoresis in an AC Electric Field
227(2)
8.1.3 Application to Particle Separation and Focusing
229(2)
8.2 Mechanisms of Particle Charging
231(6)
8.2.1 Field Charging
232(1)
8.2.2 Diffusion Charging
233(2)
8.2.3 Contact Electrification
235(2)
8.2.4 Contact De-electrification
237(1)
8.3 Magnetic Field Forces
237(2)
8.4 Boundary Element Method
239(6)
8.4.1 General Boundary Element Method
239(3)
8.4.2 Pseudoimage Method for Particles Near an Electrode Surface
242(1)
8.4.3 Problems with DEP Force Near Panel Edges
243(2)
8.5 Fast Multipole Method for Long-Range Forces
245(4)
8.6 Electrostatic Agglomeration Processes
249(7)
8.6.1 Relative Importance of Electrostatic and van der Waals Adhesion Forces
249(1)
8.6.2 Particle Chain Formation
250(6)
9 Nanoscale Particle Dynamics 256(30)
9.1 Continuum and Free-Molecular Regimes
257(9)
9.1.1 Drag Force
258(2)
9.1.2 Brownian Force
260(1)
9.1.3 Mean-Free-Path of Nanoparticles
261(1)
9.1.4 Thermophoretic Force
262(3)
9.1.5 Competition between Diffusion and Thermophoresis during Deposition
265(1)
9.2 Nanoparticle Interactions
266(8)
9.2.1 Collision of Large Nanoparticles
266(3)
9.2.2 Collision of Small Nanoparticles
269(2)
9.2.3 Long-Range Interparticle Electrostatic Forces
271(3)
9.3 Time Scales of Nanoparticle Collision-Coalescence Mechanism
274(12)
9.3.1 Time Scale of Particle Collisions
275(3)
9.3.2 Time Scale of Nanoparticle Sintering
278(8)
10 Computer Implementation and Data Analysis 286(19)
10.1 Particle Time Stepping
286(3)
10.1.1 Numerical Stability
287(1)
10.1.2 Multiscale Time-Stepping Approaches
288(1)
10.2 Flow in Complex Domains
289(5)
10.2.1 Particle Search Algorithm
290(3)
10.2.2 Level Set Distance Function
293(1)
10.3 Measures of Local Concentration
294(3)
10.4 Measures of Particle Agglomerates
297(8)
10.4.1 Particle Count and Orientation Measures
297(1)
10.4.2 Agglomerate Orientation Measures
298(1)
10.4.3 Equivalent Agglomerate Ellipse
298(2)
10.4.4 Agglomerate Fractal Dimension
300(2)
10.4.5 Particle Packing Measures
302(3)
11 Applications 305(34)
11.1 Particle Migration in Tube and Channel Flows
305(6)
11.1.1 Inertial Particle Migration in Straight Tubes
306(1)
11.1.2 Collision-Induced Particle Migration
307(2)
11.1.3 Particle Migration in the Presence of Wavy Tube Walls
309(2)
11.2 Particle Filtration
311(9)
11.2.1 Fiber Filtration
312(4)
11.2.2 Enhancement of Filtration Rate by Particle Mixtures
316(2)
11.2.3 Enhancement of Filtration Rate by Electric Fields
318(2)
11.3 Rotating Drum Mixing Processes
320(8)
11.3.1 Flow Regimes
320(2)
11.3.2 Mixing and Segregation
322(4)
11.3.3 Cohesive Mixing and Segregation
326(2)
11.4 Dust Removal Processes
328(4)
11.4.1 Hydrodynamic Dust Mitigation
328(3)
11.4.2 Electric Curtain Mitigation for Charged Particles
331(1)
11.5 Final Comments
332(7)
Index 339
Jeffrey S. Marshall is a Professor in the School of Engineering at the University of Vermont. He is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. He obtained a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley. Dr Marshall taught at the University of Iowa from 1993 to 2006 and was Chair of the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department from 2001 to 2005. He is a recipient of the ASME Henry Hess Award and the Army Research Office Young Investigator Award. He has authored more than 95 journal articles and book chapters and one textbook, Inviscid Incompressible Flow (2001). Shuiqing Li is a Professor in the Department of Thermal Engineering at Tsinghua University. He obtained a PhD in Engineering Thermophysics from Zhejiang University. He was a visiting scholar at the University of Leeds in 20045, at the University of Iowa in 2006, and at Princeton University in 201011. Dr Li is a recipient of the National Award for New Century Excellent Talents (2009) and the Tsinghua University Award for Young Talents on Fundamental Studies (2011). He shared a Chinese National Teaching Award on combustion theory. He has been awarded five fundamental grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China and has authored more than 40 journal articles.
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