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E-grāmata: Advanced Cardiac Imaging

Edited by (Professor of Cardiology, University of Leeds, England, UK), Edited by (Erasmus University, The Netherlands), Edited by (University of Ličge, Belgium), Edited by (University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland)
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Advances in Cardiac Imaging presents the latest information on heart disease and heart failure, major causes of death among western populations. In addition, the text explores the financial burden to public healthcare trusts and the vast amount of research and funding being channeled into programs not only to prevent such diseases, but also to diagnose them in early stages.This book provides readers with a thorough overview of many advances in cardiac imaging. Chapters include technological developments in cardiac imaging and imaging applications in a clinical setting with regard to detecting various types of heart disease.Presents a thorough overview of cardiac imaging technologyAddresses specific applications for a number of cardiac diseases and how they can improve diagnoses and treatment protocolsIncludes technological developments in cardiac imaging and imaging applications in a clinical setting

Papildus informācija

An all-encompassing look at cardiac imaging technology and its medical applications
Contributors xiii
Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials xvii
1 Advanced cardiac imaging
1(12)
K. Nieman
O. Gaemperli
P. Lancellotti
S. Plein
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Imaging the heart
1(2)
1.3 Techniques
3(5)
1.4 Shared themes and challenges
8(3)
1.5 Approach of the book
11(2)
Part One Technological Developments in Cardiac Imaging
13(158)
2 Ultrasound/echocardiography
15(32)
N.E. Hasselberg
T. Edvardsen
2.1 Introduction
15(1)
2.2 Three-dimensional echocardiography
16(7)
2.3 Contrast echocardiography
23(9)
2.4 Deformation imaging
32(7)
2.5 Future trends
39(6)
2.6 Further reading
45(2)
References
45(2)
3 Single-photon emission computed tomography
47(24)
R.R. Buechel
P.A. Kaufmann O. Gaemperli
3.1 Introduction
47(1)
3.2 Physical principles of SPECT
47(3)
3.3 Camera designs
50(4)
3.4 Tracers
54(2)
3.5 Image processing and reconstruction
56(6)
3.6 Low-dose SPECT
62(1)
3.7 Dynamic SPECT
63(1)
3.8 Hybrid imaging
64(7)
References
67(4)
4 Positron emission tomography
71(26)
P. Knaapen
M. Lubberink
4.1 Introduction
71(1)
4.2 Principles of PET
71(7)
4.3 Clinical applications
78(12)
4.4 Conclusion
90(7)
References
91(6)
5 Computed tomography
97(30)
K. Nieman
A. Coenen
M. Dijkshoorn
5.1 Development of cardiac CT
97(1)
5.2 Technical principles and contemporary technology
97(9)
5.3 CT performance, image quality parameters, and artifacts
106(5)
5.4 Cardiac CT applications
111(5)
5.5 Postprocessing, secondary reconstruction, and assisted interpretation
116(1)
5.6 Radiation and dose reduction
117(3)
5.7 Estimating the hemodynamic significance of CAD
120(3)
5.8 Future perspectives
123(4)
References
123(4)
6 Magnetic resonance imaging
127(44)
V.M. Ferreira
M.D. Robson
T.D. Karamitsos
M.M. Bissell
D.J. Tyler
S. Neubauer
6.1 Introduction
127(1)
6.2 Basic principles of NMR
127(8)
6.3 Fast imaging
135(3)
6.4 Perfusion, blood-oxygen-level-dependent, and late gadolinium enhancement imaging
138(3)
6.5 Quantitative mapping techniques
141(5)
6.6 Three-dimensional time-resolved (4D) flow
146(2)
6.7 Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
148(3)
6.8 Hyperpolarization
151(4)
6.9 Latest technical developments and future trends
155(1)
6.10 Sources of further information
156(15)
Acknowledgments
157(1)
References
158(13)
Part Two Clinical Applications of Cardiac Imaging
171(594)
7 Noninvasive coronary angiography
173(30)
M. Premaratne
B.J.W. Chow
7.1 Introduction
173(1)
7.2 Coronary artery calcium
173(3)
7.3 CT coronary angiography
176(13)
7.4 Limitations
189(1)
7.5 The future
190(1)
7.6 Coronary magnetic resonance imaging
190(13)
References
193(10)
8 Atherosclerotic plaque
203(24)
P. Singh
A. Tawakol
8.1 Introduction
203(1)
8.2 Non-invasive imaging of atherosclerosis
204(2)
8.3 Computed tomography
206(11)
8.4 Conclusions
217(10)
References
217(10)
9 Myocardial ischemia
227(44)
K. Goetschalckx
F.E. Rademakers
Abbreviations
227(1)
9.1 Pathophysiology of ischemia
227(7)
9.2 Invasive diagnosis of ischemia
234(5)
9.3 Noninvasive detection and quantification of ischemia
239(22)
9.4 Diagnostic platform
261(1)
9.5 Risk stratification and prognosis
261(3)
9.6 Noninvasive follow-up of the patient with known coronary artery disease
264(7)
References
264(7)
10 Myocardial infarction
271(56)
A. Flotats
B.L. Gerber
S. Gurunathan
A. Mahnken
T.A. Magalhaes
C.E. Rochitte
R. Senior
10.1 Introduction
271(9)
10.2 Echocardiography
280(8)
10.3 Nuclear imaging
288(9)
10.4 CMR imaging
297(6)
10.5 Multidetector CT
303(9)
10.6 Guidelines for use of imaging in AMI
312(1)
10.7 Conclusion
313(14)
References
313(14)
11 Myocardial viability
327(40)
A.J. Ludman
C.D. Anagnostopoulos
P. Leeson
F. Pugliese
S.E. Petersen
11.1 Background, terms, and definitions
327(5)
11.2 Multimodality imaging for myocardial viability assessment
332(15)
11.3 The role of myocardial viability assessment in clinical decision-making
347(6)
11.4 Current research, emerging techniques, and hybrid imaging
353(2)
11.5 Conclusion
355(12)
Acknowledgements
355(1)
References
355(12)
12 Contractile function and heart failure
367(32)
E. Donal
E. Galli
M. Lederlin
A. Manrique
12.1 Introduction
367(2)
12.2 Echocardiography approach to the LV contractility
369(5)
12.3 Assessment of RV function
374(9)
12.4 Assessment of contractile function by CMR
383(4)
12.5 Assessment of ventricular function using radionuclide techniques
387(12)
References
392(7)
13 Cardiomyopathy
399(40)
A.J. Baksi
D.J. Pennell
13.1 Introduction
399(7)
13.2 Dilated cardiomyopathy
406(5)
13.3 Non-compaction cardiomyopathy
411(2)
13.4 Stress (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy
413(1)
13.5 Arrhythmogenic (right) ventricular cardiomyopathy
414(2)
13.6 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
416(5)
13.7 Hypertrophic phenocopies
421(1)
13.8 Infiltrative disease/restrictive cardiomyopathy
422(5)
13.9 Cardiac iron overload
427(1)
13.10 Pericardial constriction
428(1)
13.11 Limitations of imaging
428(1)
13.12 Likely future trends
428(1)
13.13 Conclusions and reflection
429(10)
Resources
430(1)
References
431(8)
14 Myocarditis
439(20)
R. Wassmuth
J. Schulz-Menger
14.1 Clinical background
439(2)
14.2 Biopsy as "the invasive standard"
441(2)
14.3 Therapeutic options
443(1)
14.4 Imaging
443(11)
14.5 Summary
454(5)
References
454(5)
15 Systemic diseases
459(30)
M. Lombardi
A. Gimelli
M. Galderisi
15.1 Arterial systemic hypertension
459(6)
15.2 Diabetic cardiomyopathy
465(2)
15.3 Inotropic reserve in diabetic patients
467(2)
15.4 Metabolic syndrome
469(3)
15.5 Autoimmune connective tissue disorders
472(2)
15.6 Thyroid disease
474(1)
15.7 Systemic vasculitis
475(14)
References
478(11)
16 Acquired valvular heart disease
489(96)
Aortic root
489(1)
V. Polsani
X. Zhou
M. Vannan
16.1 Annulus size and calcification
489(2)
16.2 Aortic valve leaflets
491(2)
16.3 Sinus of Valsalva and sinotubular junction
493(3)
References
494(2)
Aortic stenosis
496(1)
V. Polsani
X. Zhou
M. Vannan
16.4 Aortic valve/root morphology
496(1)
16.5 Severity of aortic stenosis
496(4)
16.6 Synthesis
500(3)
References
500(3)
Aortic regurgitation
503(1)
V. Polsani
X. Zhou
M. Vannan
16.7 Aortic valve/root morphology
503(1)
16.8 Severity of aortic regurgitation
503(7)
References
508(2)
Mitral regurgitation
510(1)
P. Lancellotti
16.9 Introduction
510(1)
16.10 Aetiology and mechanisms
510(1)
16.11 2D/3D echocardiographic evaluation
511(7)
16.12 Cardiac magnetic resonance
518(3)
16.13 Multislice cardiac computed tomography
521(1)
16.14 Conclusion
522(4)
References
523(3)
Tricuspid and pulmonary valves
526(1)
D. Muraru
M.P. Marra
L.P. Badano
16.15 Tricuspid valve
526(7)
16.16 Pulmonary valve
533(8)
References
540(1)
Prosthetic valves
541(1)
H. Mahjoub
P. Pibarot
Abbreviations
541(1)
16.17 Introduction
541(1)
16.18 Echocardiography
542(15)
16.19 Cinefluoroscopy
557(2)
16.20 Computed tomography
559(3)
16.21 Nuclear imaging
562(1)
16.22 Magnetic resonance imaging
562(1)
16.23 Conclusion
563(4)
References
563(4)
Interventional imaging for transcatheter valve procedures
567(1)
J. Zamorano
C. Fernandez-Golfin
16.24 Transcatheter aortic valve implantation
567(1)
16.25 Transoesophageal echocardiography approach before TAVI
567(1)
16.26 Transoesophageal echocardiography during prosthesis implantation
568(1)
16.27 Percutaneous transcatheter repair of paravalvular regurgitation
569(1)
16.28 TEE before transcatheter repair of paravalvular regurgitation
569(1)
16.29 TEE during percutaneous transcatheter repair of paravalvular regurgitation
570(1)
16.30 Percutaneous mitral valve intervention by edge-to-edge repair
571(1)
16.31 TEE for patients selection for edge-to-edge repair
571(1)
16.32 TEE during edge-to-edge repair
571(1)
16.33 Conclusion
572(2)
References
573(1)
Endocarditis
574(1)
G. Habib
S. Camilleri
J.-Y. Gaubert
16.34 Introduction
574(1)
16.35 Echocardiography
574(3)
16.36 Molecular imaging
577(3)
16.37 Multislice computed tomography
580(1)
16.38 Magnetic resonance imaging
581(1)
16.39 Conclusion
581(4)
References
581(4)
17 Cardiac tumours
585(32)
J.P. Greenwood
M. Motwani
A.M. Crean
17.1 Introduction
585(1)
17.2 Echocardiography
585(3)
17.3 Cardiovascular magnetic resonance
588(3)
17.4 Cardiac computed tomography
591(1)
17.5 Nuclear imaging techniques
591(2)
17.6 Cardiac masses
593(17)
17.7 Conclusions
610(7)
References
612(5)
18 Pericardial diseases
617(18)
B. Cosyns
B. Paelinck
O. Cappeliez
18.1 Introduction
617(1)
18.2 Technical aspects
617(3)
18.3 The pericardium: normal findings
620(1)
18.4 Clinical scenarios
621(8)
18.5 Cardiac masses (cysts, diverticula, hematoma, tumors)
629(3)
18.6 Congenital absence of pericardium
632(3)
References
633(2)
19 Congenital heart disease
635(26)
A.A. Pasquet
B.L. Gerber
Abbreviations and acronyms
635(1)
19.1 Introduction
635(1)
19.2 Imaging modalities
636(5)
19.3 Specific lesions
641(14)
19.4 Summary
655(6)
References
655(6)
20 Diseases of the thoracic aorta and pulmonary arteries
661(46)
R. Salgado
J. Habets
R.P.J. Budde
T. Leiner
20.1 Introduction
661(1)
20.2 Acute aortic syndrome
661(14)
20.3 Vasculitis
675(6)
20.4 Imaging of the postoperative aorta
681(5)
20.5 Pulmonary circulation
686(8)
20.6 Aneurysmatic disease
694(13)
References
702(5)
21 Arrhythmia
707(28)
S.C.A.M. Bekkers
B.L. Kietselaer
L. Pison
21.1 Introduction
707(1)
21.2 Fluoroscopy
707(4)
21.3 Ultrasound
711(6)
21.4 Computed tomography
717(3)
21.5 Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
720(4)
21.6 Electroanatomic mapping
724(2)
21.7 Radionuclide imaging
726(1)
21.8 Image integration
727(8)
References
729(6)
22 Imaging guided interventions
735(30)
D. Braun
B. Bischoff
J. Hausleiter
22.1 Introduction
735(1)
22.2 Transcatheter aortic valve implantation
735(9)
22.3 Percutaneous edge-to-edge repair of the mitral valve
744(7)
22.4 Occlusion of left atrial appendage
751(7)
22.5 Interventional closure of ASD and PFO
758(1)
22.6 Interventional closure of paravalvular leaks
759(2)
22.7 Pre-interventional imaging in coronary CTO
761(4)
References
762(3)
Index 765
University of Leeds, UK