1 Introduction |
|
1 | |
|
|
2 | |
|
1.1.1 Conventional Data Warehouses |
|
|
2 | |
|
1.1.2 Spatial Databases and Spatial Data Warehouses |
|
|
4 | |
|
1.1.3 Temporal Databases and Temporal Data Warehouses |
|
|
5 | |
|
1.1.4 Conceptual Modeling for Databases and Data Warehouses |
|
|
6 | |
|
1.1.5 A Method for Data Warehouse Design |
|
|
7 | |
|
1.2 Motivation for the Book |
|
|
8 | |
|
1.3 Objective of the Book and its Contributions to Research |
|
|
11 | |
|
1.3.1 Conventional Data Warehouses |
|
|
12 | |
|
1.3.2 Spatial Data Warehouses |
|
|
13 | |
|
1.3.3 Temporal Data Warehouses |
|
|
13 | |
|
1.4 Organization of the Book |
|
|
14 | |
2 Introduction to Databases and Data Warehouses |
|
17 | |
|
|
18 | |
|
2.2 The Entity-Relationship Model |
|
|
19 | |
|
2.3 Logical Database Design |
|
|
23 | |
|
2.3.1 The Relational Model |
|
|
23 | |
|
2.3.2 The Object-Relational Model |
|
|
32 | |
|
2.4 Physical Database Design |
|
|
38 | |
|
|
41 | |
|
2.6 The Multidimensional Model |
|
|
43 | |
|
|
44 | |
|
2.6.2 Measure Aggregation |
|
|
45 | |
|
|
47 | |
|
2.7 Logical Data Warehouse Design |
|
|
49 | |
|
2.8 Physical Data Warehouse Design |
|
|
51 | |
|
2.9 Data Warehouse Architecture |
|
|
55 | |
|
|
56 | |
|
2.9.2 Data Warehouse Tier |
|
|
57 | |
|
|
58 | |
|
|
58 | |
|
2.9.5 Variations of the Architecture |
|
|
59 | |
|
2.10 Analysis Services 2005 |
|
|
59 | |
|
2.10.1 Defining an Analysis Services Database |
|
|
60 | |
|
|
61 | |
|
|
61 | |
|
|
62 | |
|
|
64 | |
|
2.11 Oracle 10g with the OLAP Option |
|
|
66 | |
|
2.11.1 Multidimensional Model |
|
|
67 | |
|
2.11.2 Multidimensional Database Design |
|
|
68 | |
|
2.11.3 Data Source Management |
|
|
69 | |
|
|
70 | |
|
|
71 | |
|
|
73 | |
3 Conventional Data Warehouses |
|
75 | |
|
3.1 MultiDim: A Conceptual Multidimensional Model |
|
|
76 | |
|
3.2 Data Warehouse Hierarchies |
|
|
79 | |
|
|
81 | |
|
3.2.2 Nonstrict Hierarchies |
|
|
88 | |
|
3.2.3 Alternative Hierarchies |
|
|
93 | |
|
3.2.4 Parallel Hierarchies |
|
|
94 | |
|
3.3 Advanced Modeling Aspects |
|
|
97 | |
|
3.3.1 Modeling of Complex Hierarchies |
|
|
97 | |
|
3.3.2 Role-Playing Dimensions |
|
|
100 | |
|
|
101 | |
|
3.3.4 Multivalued Dimensions |
|
|
101 | |
|
3.4 Metamodel of the MultiDim Model |
|
|
106 | |
|
3.5 Mapping to the Relational and Object-Relational Models |
|
|
107 | |
|
|
107 | |
|
|
108 | |
|
3.6 Logical Representation of Hierarchies |
|
|
112 | |
|
|
112 | |
|
3.6.2 Nonstrict Hierarchies |
|
|
120 | |
|
3.6.3 Alternative Hierarchies |
|
|
123 | |
|
3.6.4 Parallel Hierarchies |
|
|
123 | |
|
3.7 Implementing Hierarchies |
|
|
124 | |
|
3.7.1 Hierarchies in Analysis Services 2005 |
|
|
124 | |
|
3.7.2 Hierarchies in Oracle OLAP 10g |
|
|
126 | |
|
|
128 | |
|
|
130 | |
4 Spatial Data Warehouses |
|
133 | |
|
4.1 Spatial Databases: General Concepts |
|
|
134 | |
|
|
134 | |
|
|
134 | |
|
|
136 | |
|
4.1.4 Topological Relationships |
|
|
136 | |
|
4.1.5 Conceptual Models for Spatial Data |
|
|
138 | |
|
4.1.6 Implementation Models for Spatial Data |
|
|
138 | |
|
4.1.7 Models for Storing Collections of Spatial Objects |
|
|
139 | |
|
4.1.8 Architecture of Spatial Systems |
|
|
140 | |
|
4.2 Spatial Extension of the MultiDim Model |
|
|
141 | |
|
|
143 | |
|
|
143 | |
|
4.4.1 Hierarchy Classification |
|
|
143 | |
|
4.4.2 Topological Relationships Between Spatial Levels |
|
|
149 | |
|
4.5 Spatial Fact Relationships |
|
|
152 | |
|
4.6 Spatiality and Measures |
|
|
153 | |
|
|
153 | |
|
4.6.2 Conventional Measures Resulting from Spatial Operations |
|
|
156 | |
|
4.7 Metamodel of the Spatially Extended MultiDim Model |
|
|
157 | |
|
4.8 Rationale of the Logical-Level Representation |
|
|
159 | |
|
4.8.1 Using the Object-Relational Model |
|
|
159 | |
|
4.8.2 Using Spatial Extensions of DBMSs |
|
|
160 | |
|
4.8.3 Preserving Semantics |
|
|
161 | |
|
4.9 Object-Relational Representation of Spatial Data Warehouses |
|
|
162 | |
|
|
162 | |
|
|
164 | |
|
4.9.3 Spatial Hierarchies |
|
|
165 | |
|
4.9.4 Spatial Fact Relationships |
|
|
170 | |
|
|
172 | |
|
4.10 Summary of the Mapping Rules |
|
|
174 | |
|
|
175 | |
|
|
178 | |
5 Temporal Data Warehouses |
|
181 | |
|
5.1 Slowly Changing Dimensions |
|
|
182 | |
|
5.2 Temporal Databases: General Concepts |
|
|
185 | |
|
|
185 | |
|
5.2.2 Temporal Data Types |
|
|
186 | |
|
5.2.3 Synchronization Relationships |
|
|
187 | |
|
5.2.4 Conceptual and Logical Models for Temporal Databases |
|
|
189 | |
|
5.3 Temporal Extension of the MultiDim Model |
|
|
190 | |
|
|
190 | |
|
5.3.2 Overview of the Model |
|
|
192 | |
|
5.4 Temporal Support for Levels |
|
|
195 | |
|
|
196 | |
|
5.5.1 Nontemporal Relationships Between Temporal Levels |
|
|
196 | |
|
5.5.2 Temporal Relationships Between Nontemporal Levels |
|
|
198 | |
|
5.5.3 Temporal Relationships Between Temporal Levels |
|
|
198 | |
|
5.5.4 Instant and Lifespan Cardinalities |
|
|
199 | |
|
5.6 Temporal Fact Relationships |
|
|
201 | |
|
|
202 | |
|
5.7.1 Temporal Support for Measures |
|
|
202 | |
|
5.7.2 Measure Aggregation for Temporal Relationships |
|
|
207 | |
|
5.8 Managing Different Temporal Granularities |
|
|
207 | |
|
5.8.1 Conversion Between Granularities |
|
|
208 | |
|
5.8.2 Different Granularities in Measures and Dimensions |
|
|
208 | |
|
5.8.3 Different Granularities in the Source Systems and in the Data Warehouse |
|
|
210 | |
|
5.9 Metamodel of the Temporally Extended MultiDim Model |
|
|
211 | |
|
5.10 Rationale of the Logical-Level Representation |
|
|
213 | |
|
5.11 Logical Representation of Temporal Data Warehouses |
|
|
214 | |
|
|
214 | |
|
5.11.2 Levels with Temporal Support |
|
|
216 | |
|
5.11.3 Parent-Child Relationships |
|
|
220 | |
|
5.11.4 Fact Relationships and Temporal Measures |
|
|
226 | |
|
5.12 Summary of the Mapping Rules |
|
|
228 | |
|
5.13 Implementation Considerations |
|
|
229 | |
|
5.13.1 Integrity Constraints |
|
|
229 | |
|
5.13.2 Measure Aggregation |
|
|
234 | |
|
|
237 | |
|
5.14.1 Types of Temporal Support |
|
|
237 | |
|
5.14.2 Conceptual Models for Temporal Data Warehouses |
|
|
238 | |
|
5.14.3 Logical Representation |
|
|
240 | |
|
5.14.4 Temporal Granularity |
|
|
241 | |
|
|
242 | |
6 Designing Conventional Data Warehouses |
|
245 | |
|
6.1 Current Approaches to Data Warehouse Design |
|
|
246 | |
|
6.1.1 Data Mart and Data Warehouse Design |
|
|
246 | |
|
|
248 | |
|
6.1.3 Requirements Specification for Data Warehouse Design |
|
|
248 | |
|
6.2 A Method for Data Warehouse Design |
|
|
250 | |
|
6.3 A University Case Study |
|
|
251 | |
|
6.4 Requirements Specification |
|
|
253 | |
|
6.4.1 Analysis-Driven Approach |
|
|
253 | |
|
6.4.2 Source-Driven Approach |
|
|
261 | |
|
6.4.3 Analysis/Source-Driven Approach |
|
|
265 | |
|
|
265 | |
|
6.5.1 Analysis-Driven Approach |
|
|
266 | |
|
6.5.2 Source-Driven Approach |
|
|
275 | |
|
6.5.3 Analysis/Source-Driven Approach |
|
|
278 | |
|
6.6 Characterization of the Various Approaches |
|
|
280 | |
|
6.6.1 Analysis-Driven Approach |
|
|
280 | |
|
6.6.2 Source-Driven Approach |
|
|
282 | |
|
6.6.3 Analysis/Source-Driven Approach |
|
|
283 | |
|
|
283 | |
|
6.7.1 Logical Representation of Data Warehouse Schemas |
|
|
283 | |
|
6.7.2 Defining ETL Processes |
|
|
287 | |
|
|
288 | |
|
6.8.1 Data Warehouse Schema Implementation |
|
|
288 | |
|
6.8.2 Implementation of ETL Processes |
|
|
294 | |
|
|
295 | |
|
6.9.1 Analysis-Driven Approach |
|
|
296 | |
|
6.9.2 Source-Driven Approach |
|
|
296 | |
|
6.9.3 Analysis/Source-Driven Approach |
|
|
297 | |
|
|
298 | |
|
|
300 | |
|
6.10.2 Requirements Specification |
|
|
301 | |
|
|
305 | |
7 Designing Spatial and Temporal Data Warehouses |
|
307 | |
|
7.1 Current Approaches to the Design of Spatial and Temporal Databases |
|
|
308 | |
|
7.2 A Risk Management Case Study |
|
|
308 | |
|
7.3 A Method for Spatial-Data-Warehouse Design |
|
|
310 | |
|
7.3.1 Requirements Specification and Conceptual Design |
|
|
310 | |
|
7.3.2 Logical and Physical Design |
|
|
321 | |
|
7.4 Revisiting the University Case Study |
|
|
324 | |
|
7.5 A Method for Temporal-Data-Warehouse Design |
|
|
325 | |
|
7.5.1 Requirements Specification and Conceptual Design |
|
|
326 | |
|
7.5.2 Logical and Physical Design |
|
|
333 | |
|
|
337 | |
|
7.6.1 Analysis-Driven Approach |
|
|
337 | |
|
7.6.2 Source-Driven Approach |
|
|
338 | |
|
7.6.3 Analysis/Source-Driven Approach |
|
|
339 | |
|
|
340 | |
|
|
342 | |
8 Conclusions and Future Work |
|
345 | |
|
|
345 | |
|
|
348 | |
|
8.2.1 Conventional Data Warehouses |
|
|
348 | |
|
8.2.2 Spatial Data Warehouses |
|
|
349 | |
|
8.2.3 Temporal Data Warehouses |
|
|
351 | |
|
8.2.4 Spatiotemporal Data Warehouses |
|
|
352 | |
|
|
353 | |
A Formalization of the MultiDim Model |
|
355 | |
|
|
355 | |
|
A.2 Predefined Data Types |
|
|
355 | |
|
|
356 | |
|
|
357 | |
|
A.5 Examples Using the Abstract Syntax |
|
|
359 | |
|
A.5.1 Conventional Data Warehouse |
|
|
359 | |
|
A.5.2 Spatial Data Warehouse |
|
|
361 | |
|
A.5.3 Temporal Data Warehouse |
|
|
364 | |
|
|
366 | |
|
A.6.1 Semantics of the Predefined Data Types |
|
|
367 | |
|
|
367 | |
|
|
371 | |
|
|
372 | |
|
A.6.5 Auxiliary Functions |
|
|
372 | |
|
|
375 | |
B Graphical Notation |
|
383 | |
|
B.1 Entity-Relationship Model |
|
|
383 | |
|
B.2 Relational and Object-Relational Models |
|
|
385 | |
|
B.3 Conventional Data Warehouses |
|
|
386 | |
|
B.4 Spatial Data Warehouses |
|
|
388 | |
|
B.5 Temporal Data Warehouses |
|
|
389 | |
References |
|
391 | |
Glossary |
|
411 | |
Index |
|
425 | |