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Advanced Green Composites [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 432 pages, height x width x depth: 10x10x10 mm, weight: 454 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Oct-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-Scrivener
  • ISBN-10: 1119323266
  • ISBN-13: 9781119323266
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Advanced Green CompositesPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 432 pages, height x width x depth: 10x10x10 mm, weight: 454 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Oct-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-Scrivener
  • ISBN-10: 1119323266
  • ISBN-13: 9781119323266
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781119323266.html
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Most composites, particularly those made using thermoset resins, cannot be recycled or reused. As a result, most of them end up in landfills at the end of their useful life which is neither sustainable nor environment-friendly. Various laws enacted by Governments around the world and heightened global awareness about sustainability and global warming is changing this situation. Significant research is being conducted in developing and utilizing sustainable fibers and resins, mostly derived from plant, to fabricate ‘Green’ composites. The significant progress in the past 20 or so years in this field has led to the development of green composites with high strength or so called Advanced Green Composites. More interestingly, green composites have also acquired various different properties such as fire resistance, transparency, barrier to gases and others. The term ‘advanced’ which only included high strength and stiffness now includes all these special properties. The world is on the cusp of a major change, and once fully developed, such composites could be used in applications ranging from automobiles to sporting goods, from circuit boards to housing and from furniture to packaging. This book, by presenting the state-of-the-art developments in many aspects of advanced green composites adds significantly to the knowledge base that is critical for their success of expanding their use in applications never seen before. The chapters are written by world’s leading researchers and present in-depth information in a simple way.


This provides readers and researchers the latest developments in the field of ‘Green’ resins (with ways of strengthening them), High Strength Green Fibers (including micro and nano-cellulose fibrils/fibers) and Green Composites in the first few chapters.  The introductory chapter summarizes the consequences of using conventional, petroleum-based materials and the need for green composites as well as the progress being made in this field.  After that the book  delves in to Advanced Green Composites in a broader sense and includes chapters on High Strength Green Composites, Self-healing Green Composites, Transparent Green Composites, All-cellulose composites, Toughened Green Composites, Green Biofoams, Bioinspired Shape Memory Composites, etc.  The chapters are written by the experts who are highly respected in their fields.

Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1(10)
Anil N. Netravali
1.1 Introduction
2(9)
2 Green Resins from Plant Sources and Strengthening Mechanisms 11(46)
Muhammad M. Rahman
Anil N. Netravali
2.1 Introduction
12(2)
2.2 Green Resins from Agro-Resources
14(11)
2.2.1 Plant Protein-Based Resins
14(7)
2.2.2 Plant Starch-Based Resins
21(4)
2.3 Green Resins from Microbial Fermentation
25(4)
2.3.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates
25(2)
2.3.2 Pullulan
27(2)
2.4 Green Resins Using Monomers from Agricultural Resources
29(3)
2.4.1 Polylactic Acid
29(3)
2.5 Strengthening of Green Resins using Nano-Fillers
32(11)
2.5.1 Inorganic Nano-Fillers
33(5)
2.5.2 Organic Nano-Fillers
38(5)
2.6 Conclusions
43(1)
References
44(13)
3 High Strength Cellulosic Fibers from Liquid Crystalline Solutions 57(10)
Yuxiang Huang
Jonathan Y. Chen
3.1 Introduction
57(2)
3.2 Fibers from Liquid Crystalline Solutions of Cellulose Derivatives
59(1)
3.3 Fibers from Liquid Crystalline Solution of Nonderivatized Cellulose
60(1)
3.4 Regenerated-Cellulose/CNT Composite Fibers with Ionic Liquids
61(2)
3.5 Future Prospects
63(1)
Summary
64(1)
References
65(2)
4 Cellulose Nanofibers: Electrospinning and Nanocellulose Self-Assemblies 67(30)
You-Lo Hsieh
4.1 Introduction
68(2)
4.2 Electrospinning of Cellulose Solutions
70(1)
4.3 Cellulose Nanofibers via Electrospinning and Hydrolysis of Cellulose Acetate
70(2)
4.4 Bicomponent Hybrid and Porous Cellulose Nanofibers
72(2)
4.5 Wholly Polysaccharide Cellulose/Chitin/Chitosan Hybrid Nanofibers
74(2)
4.6 Surface-Active Cellulose Nanofibers
76(1)
4.7 Nanocelluloses
77(2)
4.8 Nanocelluloses from Agricultural By-Products
79(1)
4.9 Source Effects-CNCs from Grape Skin, Tomato Peel, Rice Straw, Cotton Linter
80(2)
4.10 Process Effect-Nanocelluloses from Single Source (Corn Cob, Rice Straw)
82(3)
4.11 Ultra-Fine Cellulose Fibers from Electrospinning and Self-Assembled Nanocellulose
85(2)
4.12 Further Notes on Nanocellulose Applications and Nanocomposites
87(1)
Acknowledgement
88(1)
References
88(9)
5 Advanced Green Composites with High Strength and Toughness 97(14)
Anil N. Netravali
5.1 Introduction
98(1)
5.2 'Greener' Composites
99(2)
5.3 Fully 'Green' Composites
101(1)
5.4 'Advanced Green Composites'
102(4)
5.5 Conclusions
106(2)
References
108(3)
6 All-Cellulose (Cellulose-Cellulose) Green Composites 111(24)
Shuji Fujisawa
Tsuguyuki Saito
Akira Isogai
6.1 Introduction
111(3)
6.1.1 Cellulose
111(1)
6.1.2 Nanocelluloses for Polymer Composite Materials
112(2)
6.1.3 All-Cellulose Composites
114(1)
6.2 Preparation of ACCs
114(6)
6.2.1 Dissolution of Cellulose
114(2)
6.2.1.1 Aqueous Solvents
114(1)
6.2.1.2 Organic Solvents
115(1)
6.2.1.3 Ionic Liquids
115(1)
6.2.2 Preparation of ACCs
116(4)
6.2.2.1 One-Phase Preparation
116(1)
6.2.2.2 Two-Phase Preparation
116(4)
6.3 Structures and Properties of ACCs
120(5)
6.3.1 Optical Properties
120(1)
6.3.2 Mechanical Properties
120(4)
6.3.3 Thermal Expansion Behavior
124(1)
6.3.4 Gas Barrier Properties
124(1)
6.3.5 Biodegradability
125(1)
6.4 Future Prospects
125(1)
6.5 Summary
126(1)
6.6 Acknowledgements
127(1)
References
127(8)
7 Self-Healing Green Polymers and Composites 135(52)
Joo Ran Kim
Anil N. Netravali
7.1 Introduction
136(1)
7.1.1 Self-Healing Property in Materials: What is it and Why it is Needed?
136(1)
7.2 Types of Self-Healing Approaches Used in Thermoset Polymers
137(30)
7.2.1 Microcapsule-Based Self-Healing System
138(20)
7.2.1.1 Microencapsulation Techniques
139(9)
7.2.1.2 Microcapsule Systems for Self-Healing
148(10)
7.2.2 Vascular Self-Healing System
158(3)
7.2.2.1 One-, Two-, or Three-Dimensional Microvascular Systems
159(2)
7.2.3 Intrinsic Self-Healing System
161(6)
7.2.3.1 Test Methods to Characterize Self-Healing
162(1)
7.2.3.2 Quasi-Static Fracture Methods
163(2)
7.2.3.3 Fatigue Fracture Methods
165(1)
7.2.3.4 Impact Fracture Methods
166(1)
7.2.3.5 Other Techniques
166(1)
7.3 Self-Healing Polymers from Green Sources
167(6)
7.3.1 Self-Healing Polymers in Biomaterials
168(2)
7.3.2 Self-Healing Green Resins and Green Composites
170(3)
7.4 Summary and Prospects
173(2)
Acknowledgements
175(1)
References
175(12)
8 Transparent Green Composites 187(24)
Antonio Norio Nakagaito
Yukiko Ishikura
Hitoshi Takagi
8.1 Introduction
187(2)
8.2 Cellulose Nanofiber-Based Composites and Papers
189(8)
8.2.1 Bacterial Cellulose-Based Composites
189(2)
8.2.2 CNF-Based Composites
191(3)
8.2.3 Transparent Nanopapers
194(1)
8.2.4 All Cellulose Transparent Composites
195(2)
8.3 Chitin-Based Transparent Composites
197(5)
8.3.1 Chitin Nanofiber-Based Composites
197(2)
8.3.2 Micro-Sized Chitin Composites
199(1)
8.3.3 Chitin-Chitosan Transparent Green Composites
200(2)
8.3.4 All Chitin Nanofiber Transparent Films
202(1)
8.4 Electronic Devices Based on CNF Films and Composites
202(3)
8.5 Future Prospects
205(1)
8.6 Summary
206(1)
References
206(5)
9 Toughened Green Composites: Improving Impact Properties 211(36)
Koichi Goda
9.1 Introduction
211(1)
9.2 Significance of Fiber Length in Toughened Fibrous Composites
212(5)
9.3 Impact Properties of Green Composites
217(12)
9.3.1 Relation Between Interfacial and Mechanical Properties in Green Composites
217(4)
9.3.2 A Pattern of Increase in Tensile Strength and Decrease in Impact Strength
221(6)
9.3.3 Effect of Toughened Resin
227(1)
9.3.4 Approaches to Increase Both TS and IS
228(1)
9.4 Role of Large Elongation at Break in Regenerated Cellulose Fibers
229(2)
9.5 Toughened Cellulose Fibers and Green Composites
231(9)
9.5.1 Toughening Mechanism of Regenerated Cellulose Fibers
231(3)
9.5.2 Mercerization Effect
234(4)
9.5.3 Other Beneficial Chemical Treatments
238(2)
9.6 Conclusions
240(1)
Appendix
241(2)
References
243(4)
10 Cellulose Reinforced Green Foams 247(28)
Jasmina Obradovic
Carl Lange
Jan Gustafsson
Pedro Fardim
10.1 Introduction
248(1)
10.2 Bio-Based Foams
249(7)
10.2.1 Starch-Based Foams
250(3)
10.2.2 Foams Based on Vegetable Oils
253(2)
10.2.3 Foams Based on Poly(Lactic Acid)
255(1)
10.3 Surface Engineering of Cellulose Fibres Used in Foams
256(9)
10.3.1 Chemical Modifications of Cellulose Fibres
257(1)
10.3.2 In Situ Synthesis of Hybrid Fibres
258(20)
10.3.2.1 Topology and Particle Content on Hybrid Fibres
260(2)
10.3.2.2 Foam Formation
262(1)
10.3.2.3 Combustion Behavior of Foams
262(3)
10.4 Prospects
265(1)
10.5 Summary
266(1)
Acknowledgements
267(1)
References
267(8)
11 Fire Retardants from Renewable Resources 275(46)
Zhiyu Xia
Weeradech Kiratitanavit
Shiran Yu
Jayant Kumar
Ravi Mosurkal
Ramaswamy Nagarajan
11.1 Introduction
276(2)
11.2 Fire Retardant Additives Based on Phosphorus and Nitrogen from Renewable Resources
278(17)
11.2.1 Nucleic Acids
279(7)
11.2.2 Proteins Containing Phosphorus and Sulfur
286(3)
11.2.3 Phosphorus/Nitrogen-Rich Carbohydrates
289(2)
11.2.4 Carbohydrates
291(4)
11.3 Natural Phenolic Compounds as Flame Retardant Additives
295(13)
11.3.1 Lignin
296(4)
11.3.2 Tannins
300(6)
11.3.3 Cardanol and Polymers of Cardanol
306(1)
11.3.4 Polydopamines
307(1)
11.4 Other FR Materials from Renewable Sources
308(2)
11.4.1 Chicken Eggshell
308(1)
11.4.2 Banana Pseudostem Sap
308(2)
11.5 Prospects
310(1)
11.6 Summary
311(1)
11.7 Acknowledgements
312(1)
References
312(9)
12 Green Composites with Excellent Barrier Properties 321(48)
Arvind Gupta
Akhilesh Kumar Pal
Rahul Patwa
Prodyut Dhar
Vimal Katiyar
12.1 Introduction
321(2)
12.2 Biodegradable Polymers: Classifications and Challenges
323(32)
12.2.1 Poly (lactic acid): Properties Evaluation, Modifications and its Applications
328(5)
12.2.2 Cellulose Based Composites: Chemical Modifications, Property Evaluation, and Applications.
333(5)
12.2.3 Chitosan Based Composites: Chemical Modifications, Properties Evaluation, and Applications
338(5)
12.2.4 Natural Gum Based Composites: Chemical Modification, Property Evaluation and Applications
343(5)
12.2.5 Silk Based Composites: Property Evaluation, Chemical Modifications and Applications
348(7)
12.3 Summary
355(1)
Acknowledgements
355(1)
References
356(13)
13 Nanocellulose-Based Composites in Biomedical Applications 369(21)
M. Osorio
A. Canas
R. Zuluaga
P. Ganan
I. Ortiz
C. Castro
13.1 Introduction
370(1)
13.2 Nanocellulose Sources and Properties
370(9)
13.2.1 Nanocellulose Sources
370(3)
13.2.2 Nanocellulose Characteristics as Green Material
373(1)
13.2.3 Nanocellulose Properties for Biomedical Composites
374(5)
13.2.3.1 Mechanical Properties
374(1)
13.2.3.2 Morphology
375(1)
13.2.3.3 Surface Charge
375(3)
13.2.3.4 Conformability
378(1)
13.2.3.5 Thermal Properties
378(1)
13.2.3.6 Non-Toxic
379(1)
13.2.3.7 Biocompatibility
379(1)
13.3 Biomedical Applications of Nanocellulose-Based Composites
379(8)
13.3.1 Nanocellulose-Based Composites with Various Polymers
380(5)
13.3.1.1 Polyvinyl Alcohol
380(1)
13.3.1.2 Chitosan (Ch)
381(1)
13.3.1.3 Acrylic Acid (AA)
382(1)
13.3.1.4 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)
382(1)
13.3.1.5 Silk Fibroin
383(1)
13.3.1.6 Polyaniline and Polypyrrole
383(1)
13.3.1.7 Alginate
384(1)
13.3.1.8 Collagen
384(1)
13.3.2 Nanocellulose-Based Composites with Bioactive Ceramics
385(1)
13.3.2.1 Hydroxyapatite (HA)
385(1)
13.3.2.2 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
385(1)
13.3.2.3 Calcium Peroxide (CaO2)
386(1)
13.3.2.4 Carbon Nanotubes
386(1)
13.3.3 Nanocellulose-Based Composites with Metals
386(1)
13.3.3.1 Silver Nanoparticles (Ag)
386(1)
13.3.3.2 Gold Nanoparticles (Au)
387(1)
13.4 Summary
387(3)
13.5 Prospects
390(1)
Acknowledgments 390(1)
References 390(13)
Index 403
Anil N. Netravali is the Jean and Douglas McLean Professor of Fiber Science and Apparel Design in the Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design at Cornell University. Since 1984 he has been working in the field of polymer composites. He has published widely in the area of fiber/resin interface characterization and control through fiber surface modification and resin modification using nanoparticles and nanofibrils. In the past 25 years he has made significant contributions in the area of 'green' resins, composites and nanocomposites that are fully derived from plants. He was the recipient of the Fiber Society's Founders Award in 2012 and received the Green of the Crop award from the Creative Core (NY) in 2010.