Preface |
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xix | |
Notes on Contributors |
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xxiii | |
Section I introduction |
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1 | (64) |
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1 The Promise and Challenge of 3MC Research |
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3 | (10) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (3) |
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10 | (3) |
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2 Improving Multinational, Multiregional, and Multicultural (3MC) Comparability Using the Total Survey Error (TSE) Paradigm |
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13 | (32) |
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13 | (1) |
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2.2 Concept of Total Survey Error |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (2) |
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2.4 TSE and Multiple Surveys |
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18 | (1) |
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2.5 TSE Comparison Error in Multinational Surveys |
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18 | (4) |
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2.6 Components of TSE and Comparison Error |
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22 | (1) |
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2.7 Obtaining Functional Equivalence and Similarity in Comparative Surveys |
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22 | (2) |
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2.8 Challenges of Multinational Survey Research |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (4) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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2.12 Resources for Developing and Testing Cross-national Measures |
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31 | (1) |
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2.13 Designing and Assessing Scales in Cross-national Survey Research |
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31 | (4) |
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2.14 TSE and the Multilevel, Multisource Approach |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (7) |
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3 Addressing Equivalence and Bias in Cross-cultural Survey Research Within a Mixed Methods Framework |
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45 | (20) |
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45 | (2) |
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3.2 Equivalence and Comparability: Supporting Validity of the Intended Interpretations |
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47 | (6) |
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3.3 A Comprehensive Approach to Bias Analysis in 3MC Surveys Within a Mixed Methods Research Framework |
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53 | (6) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (5) |
Section II Sampling Approaches |
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65 | (48) |
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4 Innovative Sample Designs Using GIS Technology |
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67 | (26) |
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67 | (5) |
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4.2 Cluster Selection Stage |
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72 | (7) |
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79 | (7) |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (4) |
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GIS and Remote Sensing Data Resources |
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92 | (1) |
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5 Within-household Selection of Respondents |
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93 | (20) |
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93 | (1) |
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5.2 Within-household Respondent Selection Methods |
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94 | (6) |
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5.3 Within-household Selection Methods in Cross-national Surveys: The Case of ESS |
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100 | (6) |
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5.4 A Few Practical Challenges of Within-household Sampling in Cross-national Surveys |
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106 | (1) |
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5.5 Summary and Recommendations |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (4) |
Section III Cross-cultural Questionnaire Design and Testing |
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113 | (180) |
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6 Overview of Questionnaire Design and Testing |
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115 | (24) |
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115 | (1) |
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6.2 Review of Questionnaire Design and Testing in a Comparative Context |
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116 | (8) |
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6.3 Advances in Questionnaire Design and Testing |
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124 | (9) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (6) |
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7 Sensitive Questions in Comparative Surveys |
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139 | (22) |
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7.1 Sensitivity Issues in a Comparative Context |
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139 | (1) |
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7.2 The Definition of Sensitivity |
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140 | (2) |
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7.3 Approaches to Minimizing the Effect of Sensitivity |
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142 | (5) |
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7.4 Measuring Sensitivity in Cross-national Contexts |
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147 | (1) |
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7.5 New Evidence of Cross-national Sensitivity: SQS Project |
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148 | (4) |
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7.6 Understanding Sensitivity |
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152 | (3) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (5) |
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8 Implementing a Multinational Study of Questionnaire Design |
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161 | (20) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (1) |
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8.4 Experiments Implemented in the MSQD |
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165 | (5) |
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8.5 Translation Requirements and Procedures |
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170 | (1) |
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8.6 Findings on Feasibility and Limitations Due to Translations and Required Adaptations |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (3) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (4) |
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9 Using Anchoring Vignettes to Correct for Differential Response Scale Usage in 3MC Surveys |
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181 | (22) |
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181 | (1) |
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9.2 Reporting Heterogeneity |
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182 | (1) |
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9.3 Anchoring Vignettes: Design and Analysis |
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183 | (4) |
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9.4 Validity of the Model Assumptions |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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9.6 Empirical Demonstration of the Anchoring Vignette Method |
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189 | (5) |
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9.7 Sensitivity Analysis: Number of Vignettes and Choices of Vignette Intensity |
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194 | (2) |
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9.8 Discussion and Conclusion |
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196 | (3) |
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199 | (4) |
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10 Conducting Cognitive Interviewing Studies to Examine Survey Question Comparability |
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203 | (24) |
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203 | (1) |
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10.2 Cognitive Interviewing as a Study in Validity |
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204 | (6) |
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10.3 Conducting a Comparative Cognitive Interviewing Study |
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210 | (3) |
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10.4 Real-World Application |
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213 | (10) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (3) |
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11 Setting Up the Cognitive Interview Task for Non-English-speaking Participants in the United States |
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227 | (24) |
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227 | (1) |
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11.2 Differences in Communication Styles Across Languages and Cultures |
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228 | (3) |
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11.3 Implications of Cross-cultural Differences in Survey Pretesting |
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231 | (1) |
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11.4 Setting up the Cognitive Interview Task for Non-English-speaking Participants |
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232 | (12) |
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11.5 Discussion and Recommendations for Future Studies |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (4) |
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12 Working Toward Comparable Meaning of Different Language Versions of Survey Instruments: Do Monolingual and Bilingual Cognitive Testing Respondents Help to Uncover the Same Issues? |
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251 | (20) |
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251 | (1) |
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12.2 Review of the Literature |
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252 | (1) |
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12.3 Motivation for the Current Study: US Census Bureau Spanish Usability Testing |
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253 | (2) |
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12.4 The Monolingual and Bilingual Cognitive Testing Study |
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255 | (10) |
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12.5 Results of the Cognitive Testing 2S |
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S9 | |
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12.6 Summary and Conclusions |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (4) |
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13 Examining the Comparability of Behavior Coding Across Cultures |
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271 | (22) |
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271 | (4) |
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275 | (5) |
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280 | (6) |
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286 | (3) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (4) |
Section IV Languages, Translation, and Adaptation |
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293 | (92) |
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14 How to Choose Interview Language in Different Countries |
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295 | (30) |
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295 | (2) |
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14.2 The Issue of Multilingualism |
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297 | (1) |
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14.3 Current Practice of Language Choice in Comparative Surveys |
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298 | (8) |
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14.4 Using a Language Survey for Decisions About Language Choice for an Interview: Example of Post-Soviet Region |
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306 | (11) |
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14.5 The Choice of Interview Language on the Level of Individual Respondent |
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317 | (2) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (5) |
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15 Can the Language of Survey Administration Influence Respondents' Answers? |
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325 | (16) |
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325 | (1) |
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15.2 Language, Cognition, and Culture |
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326 | (1) |
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15.3 Language of Administration in Surveys of Bilingual Bicultural Respondents |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (2) |
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330 | (3) |
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15.6 Discussion and Conclusions |
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333 | (4) |
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337 | (4) |
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16 Documenting the Survey Translation and Monitoring Process |
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341 | (16) |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (2) |
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16.3 Case Study: The ESENER-2 Study |
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344 | (2) |
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16.4 Translation Documentation from a Project Management Perspective |
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346 | (1) |
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16.5 Translation Documentation from the Perspective of Translation Teams |
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347 | (2) |
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16.6 Translation Documentation from the Perspective of Applied Translation Research |
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349 | (2) |
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16.7 Translation Documentation from the Perspective of Data Analysts |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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353 | (4) |
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17 Preventing Differences in Translated Survey Items Using the Survey Quality Predictor |
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357 | (28) |
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357 | (2) |
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17.2 Equivalence in Survey Translation |
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359 | (3) |
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17.3 Cross-cultural Survey Translation and Translation Assessment |
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362 | (3) |
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17.4 Formal Characteristics of a Survey Item |
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365 | (4) |
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17.5 Using SQP: A Five-step Procedure for Comparing Item Characteristics Across Languages |
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369 | (1) |
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17.6 Questions Evaluated in the ESS Round 5, Round 6, and Round 7 |
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370 | (7) |
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377 | (2) |
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379 | (6) |
Section V Mixed Mode and Mixed Methods |
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385 | (70) |
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18 The Design and Implementation of Mixed-mode Surveys |
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387 | (22) |
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387 | (3) |
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18.2 Consequences of Mixed-mode Design |
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390 | (4) |
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18.3 Designing for Mixed Mode |
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394 | (4) |
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18.4 Auxiliary Data for Assessing and Adjusting Mode Effects |
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398 | (4) |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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403 | (6) |
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19 Mixed-mode Surveys: Design, Estimation, and Adjustment Methods |
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409 | (22) |
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409 | (6) |
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415 | (7) |
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422 | (3) |
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19.4 Discussion and Conclusions |
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425 | (1) |
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426 | (5) |
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20 Mixed Methods in a Comparative Context: Technology and New Opportunities for Social Science Research |
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431 | (24) |
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431 | (2) |
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20.2 Mixed Methods Data Collection Redefined |
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433 | (1) |
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20.3 Considerations about Alternate Sources of Data |
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434 | (3) |
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20.4 Examples of Social Science Research Using New Technologies |
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437 | (7) |
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20.5 Linking Alternative and Survey Data |
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444 | (2) |
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20.6 Mixed Methods with Technologically Collected Data in the 3MC Context |
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446 | (2) |
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448 | (1) |
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448 | (1) |
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449 | (6) |
Section VI Response Styles |
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455 | (64) |
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21 Cross-cultural Comparability of Response Patterns of Subjective Probability Questions |
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457 | (20) |
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457 | (2) |
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21.2 State-of-art Application of Subjective Probability Questions in Surveys |
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459 | (2) |
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21.3 Policy Relevance of Subjective Probability Questions |
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461 | (1) |
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21.4 Measurement Mechanism for Subjective Probability Questions |
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462 | (1) |
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463 | (2) |
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465 | (4) |
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469 | (1) |
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470 | (7) |
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22 Response Styles in Cross-cultural Surveys |
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477 | (24) |
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477 | (2) |
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479 | (1) |
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22.3 OLS Regression Analysis |
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480 | (3) |
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22.4 Confirmatory Factor Analysis |
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483 | (2) |
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22.5 Latent Class Analysis |
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485 | (4) |
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22.6 Multidimensional Unfolding Model |
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489 | (4) |
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22.7 Discussion and Conclusion |
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493 | (2) |
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495 | (6) |
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23 Examining Translation and Respondents' Use of Response Scales in 3MC Surveys |
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501 | (18) |
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501 | (3) |
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504 | (3) |
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507 | (6) |
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513 | (3) |
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516 | (3) |
Section VII Data Collection Challenges and Approaches |
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519 | (186) |
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24 Data Collection in Cross-national and International Surveys: Regional Case Studies |
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521 | (12) |
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521 | (1) |
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24.2 Recent Developments in Survey Data Collection |
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522 | (2) |
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24.3 Data Collection Challenges Faced in Different Regions of the World |
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524 | (6) |
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530 | (1) |
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531 | (2) |
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25 Survey Data Collection in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Challenges, Strategies, and Opportunities |
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533 | (22) |
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533 | (1) |
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25.2 Overview of Common Challenges and Solutions in Data Collection in Sub-Saharan Africa |
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534 | (10) |
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25.3 Strategies and Opportunities |
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544 | (2) |
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546 | (2) |
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548 | (7) |
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26 Survey Challenges and Strategies in the Middle East and Arab Gulf Regions |
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555 | (14) |
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555 | (2) |
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26.2 Household and Within-household Sampling |
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557 | (4) |
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26.3 Interviewer-Respondent Gender Matching |
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561 | (1) |
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26.4 Nationality-of-interviewer Effects |
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562 | (2) |
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26.5 Response Scale Heterogeneity |
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564 | (1) |
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26.6 Conclusion: Outstanding Challenges and Future Directions |
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565 | (1) |
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566 | (3) |
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27 Data Collection in Cross-national and International Surveys: Latin America and the Caribbean |
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569 | (14) |
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569 | (1) |
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27.2 Survey Research in the Latin America and Caribbean Region |
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570 | (3) |
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27.3 Confronting Challenges with Effective Solutions |
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573 | (6) |
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579 | (2) |
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581 | (1) |
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581 | (2) |
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28 Survey Research in India and China |
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583 | (14) |
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583 | (1) |
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28.2 Social Science Surveys in India and China |
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584 | (2) |
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28.3 Organizational Structure of Surveys |
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586 | (2) |
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28.4 Sampling for Household Surveys |
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588 | (2) |
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28.5 Permission and Approvals |
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590 | (2) |
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592 | (1) |
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28.7 Future Directions: New Modes of Data Collection |
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593 | (2) |
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595 | (2) |
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29 Best Practices for Panel Maintenance and Retention |
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597 | (26) |
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597 | (1) |
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597 | (7) |
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29.3 Panel Maintenance Strategies |
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604 | (9) |
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29.4 Study Development and the Harmonization of Field Practices |
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613 | (1) |
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614 | (2) |
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616 | (7) |
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30 Collection of Biomeasures in a Cross-national Setting: Experiences in SHARE |
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623 | (20) |
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623 | (1) |
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623 | (2) |
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30.3 Types of Biomeasures Collected |
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625 | (2) |
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30.4 Logistic Considerations |
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627 | (3) |
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30.5 Quality Assurance Procedures |
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630 | (6) |
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30.6 Ethical and Legal Issues Across Countries |
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636 | (3) |
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30.7 Summary and Conclusions |
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639 | (1) |
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640 | (1) |
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640 | (3) |
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31 Multinational Event History Calendar Interviewing |
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643 | (22) |
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643 | (1) |
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31.2 EHC Interviews in a Multinational Setting |
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644 | (3) |
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31.3 EHC Interview Administration |
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647 | (1) |
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31.4 EHC Interviewer Training |
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648 | (1) |
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31.5 Interviewer Monitoring in an International Survey |
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649 | (3) |
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652 | (1) |
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31.7 Evaluation of Interviewer Behavior |
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653 | (1) |
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31.8 Feedback Processing Speed |
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654 | (2) |
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31.9 Effects of Feedback and Interviewer Effects Across Countries |
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656 | (1) |
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31.10 Use of Different Cross-checks Across Countries |
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657 | (1) |
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658 | (4) |
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662 | (3) |
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32 Ethical Considerations in the Total Survey Error Context |
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665 | (18) |
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665 | (2) |
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32.2 Ethical Considerations and the TSE Framework |
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667 | (2) |
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32.3 Origins and Framework of Human Subjects Protection Standards |
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669 | (3) |
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32.4 The Belmont Report and the Components of Human Subjects Protection |
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672 | (6) |
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678 | (1) |
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679 | (1) |
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679 | (4) |
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33 Linking Auxiliary Data to Survey Data: Ethical and Legal Challenges in Europe and the United States |
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683 | (22) |
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683 | (2) |
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33.2 Ethical Guidelines and Legal Framework |
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685 | (3) |
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33.3 What Constitutes Personal Data? |
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688 | (1) |
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689 | (3) |
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692 | (5) |
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697 | (2) |
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699 | (6) |
Section VIII Quality Control and Monitoring |
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705 | (102) |
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34 Organizing and Managing Comparative Surveys |
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707 | (24) |
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707 | (1) |
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708 | (1) |
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34.3 Factors That Impact 3MC Survey Organization and Management |
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709 | (5) |
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34.4 General Considerations and Survey Quality When Applying Project Management to 3MC Surveys |
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714 | (6) |
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34.5 The Application of Project Management to 3MC Surveys |
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720 | (7) |
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727 | (1) |
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727 | (4) |
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35 Case Studies on Monitoring Interviewer Behavior in International and Multinational Surveys |
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731 | (40) |
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731 | (6) |
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737 | (28) |
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765 | (2) |
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767 | (4) |
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36 New Frontiers in Detecting Data Fabrication |
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771 | (36) |
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771 | (9) |
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36.2 Standard Approaches to Detecting Data Falsification |
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780 | (9) |
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36.3 Approaches to Preventing Falsification |
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|
789 | (3) |
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36.4 Additional Challenges |
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792 | (2) |
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36.5 New Frontiers in Detecting Fraud |
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794 | (5) |
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799 | (3) |
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802 | (5) |
Section IX Nonresponse |
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807 | (72) |
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37 Comparing Nonresponse and Nonresponse Biases in Multinational, Multiregional, and Multicultural Contexts |
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809 | (26) |
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809 | (1) |
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810 | (5) |
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37.3 Data Collection Factors |
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815 | (10) |
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37.4 Assessment of Risk of Nonresponse Bias |
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825 | (1) |
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37.5 Post-survey Adjustment |
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826 | (1) |
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827 | (2) |
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829 | (6) |
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38 Geographic Correlates of Nonresponse in California: A Cultural Ecosystems Perspective |
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835 | (24) |
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835 | (4) |
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839 | (6) |
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845 | (2) |
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38.4 Discussion and Limitations |
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847 | (5) |
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852 | (7) |
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39 Additional Languages and Representativeness |
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859 | (20) |
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859 | (3) |
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862 | (1) |
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863 | (2) |
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865 | (8) |
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39.5 Summary and Conclusion |
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|
873 | (2) |
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|
875 | (4) |
Section X Multi-group Analysis |
|
879 | (52) |
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40 Measurement Invariance in International Large-scale Assessments: Integrating Theory and Method |
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881 | (30) |
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881 | (2) |
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40.2 Measurement Invariance Review |
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883 | (2) |
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40.3 Advances in Measurement Invariance |
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885 | (4) |
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40.4 The Stepwise Procedure |
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889 | (3) |
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892 | (2) |
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894 | (10) |
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904 | (2) |
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906 | (5) |
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41 Approximate Measurement Invariance |
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911 | (20) |
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911 | (3) |
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41.2 The Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis |
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914 | (1) |
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915 | (8) |
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41.4 Discussion and Conclusion |
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923 | (2) |
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925 | (1) |
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925 | (6) |
Section XI Harmonization, Data Documentation, and Dissemination |
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931 | (122) |
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42 Data Harmonization, Data Documentation, and Dissemination |
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933 | (4) |
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936 | (1) |
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43 Basic Principles of Survey Data Recycling |
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937 | (26) |
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937 | (2) |
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43.2 The Process of Survey Data Recycling |
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939 | (3) |
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942 | (7) |
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43.4 Using SDR in Constructing the Harmonized Dataset |
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949 | (6) |
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955 | (1) |
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956 | (1) |
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957 | (6) |
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44 Survey Data Harmonization and the Quality of Data Documentation in Cross-national Surveys |
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963 | (22) |
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963 | (2) |
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44.2 Standards for Describing the Survey Process from Sampling to Fieldwork |
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965 | (3) |
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44.3 Basis of Quality Assessment in the SDR Project |
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968 | (4) |
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972 | (8) |
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980 | (1) |
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981 | (4) |
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45 Identification of Processing Errors in Cross-national Surveys |
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985 | (26) |
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985 | (4) |
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989 | (6) |
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995 | (11) |
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1006 | (1) |
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1007 | (1) |
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1008 | (3) |
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46 Item Metadata as Controls for Ex Post Harmonization of International Survey Projects |
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1011 | (24) |
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1011 | (1) |
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46.2 Harmonization Controls and Item Quality Controls |
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1012 | (1) |
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46.3 The Case for Using Item Metadata |
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1013 | (2) |
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46.4 Application: Trust in Parliament and Participation in Demonstrations |
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1015 | (1) |
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46.5 Harmonization Controls |
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1015 | (7) |
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46.6 On the Impact of Harmonization Controls |
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1022 | (3) |
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46.7 Item Quality Controls |
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1025 | (2) |
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46.8 Summary and Conclusions |
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1027 | (4) |
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1031 | (1) |
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1031 | (4) |
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47 The Past, Present, and Future of Statistical Weights in International Survey Projects: Implications for Survey Data Harmonization |
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1035 | (18) |
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1035 | (1) |
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47.2 Weighting as a Procedure of Improving Data Quality |
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1036 | (1) |
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47.3 Availability of Weights and Weight Types in International Survey Projects |
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1037 | (3) |
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47.4 Quality of Statistical Weights and Consequences of Errors |
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1040 | (6) |
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47.5 Comparability of Weights or Weighted Data |
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1046 | (4) |
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1050 | (1) |
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1051 | (1) |
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1051 | (2) |
Section XII Looking Forward |
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1053 | (30) |
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48 Prevailing Issues and the Future of Comparative Surveys |
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1055 | (28) |
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1055 | (4) |
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48.2 Examples of 3MC Surveys |
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1059 | (3) |
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48.3 Data Quality and Some Special Features of 3MC Surveys |
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1062 | (4) |
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48.4 Roger Jowell's Ten Golden Rules for Cross-national Studies |
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1066 | (1) |
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1067 | (4) |
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48.6 A Changing Survey Landscape |
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1071 | (1) |
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1072 | (3) |
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48.8 Summary of Prevailing Problems |
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1075 | (2) |
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1077 | (1) |
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1077 | (6) |
Wiley Series In Survey Methodology |
|
1083 | (4) |
Index |
|
1087 | |