This series provides a venue for longer reviews of current advances in geophysics. Written at a level accessible to graduate students, the articles serve to broaden knowledge of various fields and may be useful in courses and seminars. Volume 39 includes two articles detailing aspects of tsunamigenic earthquakes and their consequences.
Recenzijas
Praise for the Series "This series has provided workers in many fields with invaluable reference material and criticism." --SCIENCE PROGRESS "Should be on the bookshelf of every geophysicist." --PHYSICS TODAY "The entire series should be in the library of every group working in geophysics." --AMERICAN SCIENTIST
Contributors ix Heterogeneous Coupling along Alaska-Aleutians as Inferred from Tsunami, Seismic, and Geodetic Inversions Jean M. Johnson Introduction 1(4) Generation, Computation, and Inversion of Tsunami Waveforms 5(23) Generation, Propagation, and Observation of Tsunamis 5(12) Forward Computation of Tsunamis 17(6) Inversion of Tsunami Waveforms 23(5) The 1965 Rat Islands Earthquake: A Critical Comparison of Seismic and Tsunami Wave Inversions 28(14) Introduction 28(1) The 1965 Rat Islands Earthquake 29(3) Tsunami Study 32(5) Comparison of Seismic and Tsunami Results 37(5) Conclusions 42(1) The 1957 Great Aleutian Earthquake 42(14) Introduction 42(2) Previous Seismic Studies 44(1) Tsunami Source Area 45(2) Tsunami Waveform Inversion 47(6) Comparison of Seismic and Tsunami Results 53(1) The 1986 Andreanof Islands Earthquake 53(3) Rupture Extent of the 1938 Alaskan Earthquake as Inferred from Tsunami Waveforms 56(6) Introduction 56(1) Previous Studies of the 1938 Earthquake 57(1) Tsunami Waveform Inversion 58(4) Conclusions 62(1) Estimation of Seismic Moment and Slip Distribution of the 1 April 1946 Aleutian Tsunami Earthquake 62(20) Introduction 62(3) Previous Seismic Analysis 65(3) Tsunami Analysis 68(9) Discussion 77(2) Seismic and Tsunami Hazards 79(2) Conclusions 81(1) The 1964 Prince William Sound Earthquake: Joint Inversion of Tsunami and Geodetic Data 82(19) Introduction 82(2) Previous Seismic Studies 84(1) Previous Geodetic Studies 84(2) Previous Tsunami Studies 86(1) Joint Inversion 87(11) Comparison with Previous Studies 98(1) Discussion 99(2) Conclusions 101(16) Appendix: Notes on the Tsunami Waveform Inversion Method 105(5) References 110(7) Local Tsunamis and Earthquake Source Parameters Eric L. Geist Introduction 117(3) Tsunami Theory 120(13) General Approaches 121(2) Coseismic Surface Deformation 123(3) Tsunami Propagation 126(4) Tsunami Run-up 130(3) Local versus Far-Field Tsunamis 133(5) Source Parameters Affecting Far-Field Tsunamis 133(1) Coseismic Displacement near a Coastline 134(1) Wave Evolution over the Source Area 135(3) Tectonic Setting of Tsunamigenic Earthquakes 138(3) Types of Subduction Zone Faulting 138(1) Nature of Rupture along the Interplate Thrust 139(2) Effect of Static Source Parameters on Tsunamis 141(23) Fault Geometry 145(8) Fault Slip 153(2) Slip Direction 155(5) Physical Properties 160(4) Summary of Static Source Parameter Effects 164(1) Effect of Spatial Variations in Earthquake Source Parameters 164(11) Slip Variations 165(6) Triggered and Compound Earthquakes 171(4) Effect of Temporal Variations in Earthquake Source Parameters 175(7) Rise Time 175(3) Rupture Velocity 178(3) Dynamic Overshoot of Vertical Displacements 181(1) Local Effects of Tsunami Earthquakes 182(10) Characteristics of Tsunami Earthquakes 184(3) Results from Broadband Analysis of Recent Tsunami Earthquakes 187(2) Mechanics of Shallow Thrust Faults Related to Local Tsunamis 189(2) Outstanding Problems 191(1) Case History: 1992 Nicaragua Earthquake and Tsunami 192(3) Geometric and Physical Parameters 192(2) Temporal Progression of Rupture 194(1) Magnitude and Distribution of Slip 194(1) Conclusions 195(16) Appendix 197(1) References 198(13) Index 211
Renata Dmowska works in the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Harvard University in Cambridge, MA, USA. Barry Saltzman, 1932-2001, was professor of geology and geophysics at Yale University and a pioneer in the theory of weather and climate, in which he made several profound and lasting contributions to knowledge of the atmosphere and climate. Saltzman developed a series of models and theories of how ice sheets, atmospheric winds, ocean currents, carbon dioxide concentration, and other factors work together, causing the climate to oscillate in a 100,000-year cycle. For this and other scientific contributions, he received the 1998 Carl Gustaf Rossby Research Medal, the highest award from the American Meteorological Society. Saltzman was a fellow of the American Meteorological Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science and an honorary member of the Academy of Science of Lisbon. His work in 1962 on thermal convection led to the discovery of chaos theory and the famous "Saltzman-Lorenz attractor."
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