| Preface |
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iii | |
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ix | |
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xi | |
| Summary |
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xiii | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xxiii | |
| Abbreviations |
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xxv | |
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1 | (6) |
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2 | (1) |
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Overview of a Decision Process for Aeronautics Research |
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3 | (2) |
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Structure of the Monograph |
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5 | (2) |
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Chapter Two Why and When Should the U.S. Government Invest in Aeronautics Research? |
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7 | (20) |
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Role of the Public Sector in Aeronautics Research---U.S. Policy |
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7 | (1) |
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Role of the Public Sector in Aeronautics Research---Perspectives from Economics |
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8 | (11) |
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Prioritizing Public Research |
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11 | (1) |
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Using NPV and BCR as Tools to Inform Public and Private Research Investments |
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12 | (2) |
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Important Caveats for the Use of NPV, BCR, and Related Measures for Early Research Decisionmaking |
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14 | (2) |
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Practical Aspects of Estimating NPV, BCR, and Related Measures |
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16 | (3) |
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Role of the Public Sector in Aeronautics Research---Technical and Systems Maturity Perspectives |
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19 | (1) |
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Preliminary Views on the State of Aeronautics Research |
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20 | (7) |
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External Trends and How They May Affect Aeronautics |
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22 | (1) |
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NASA's Involvement in Aeronautics Research |
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23 | (4) |
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Chapter Three Different Approaches for Setting Research Directions |
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27 | (22) |
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Social and Economic Drivers Approach (Benefits-Driven) |
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28 | (11) |
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Illustrative Examples of Using Data to Quantify Economic and Social Drivers |
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29 | (7) |
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Balancing Competing Demands |
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36 | (2) |
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Limitations of a Purely Benefits-Driven Social and Economic Drivers Approach |
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38 | (1) |
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Grand Challenges Approach (Vision-Driven) |
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39 | (5) |
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Identifying and Selecting Grand Challenges |
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40 | (2) |
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Different Ways to Generate Candidate Grand Challenges |
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42 | (1) |
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Grand Challenges Concept Projects |
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42 | (1) |
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Limitations of the Grand Challenges Approach |
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43 | (1) |
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National R&D Policy Guidance Approach (Directive-Driven) |
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44 | (1) |
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Limitations of the Directive-Driven Approach |
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44 | (1) |
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Science- and Technology-Driven Approach (Idea- and Opportunity-Driven) |
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45 | (3) |
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Research Ideas from the National Academies |
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45 | (2) |
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Limitations of the Science- and Technology-Driven Approach |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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Chapter Four A Multidimensional Decision Framework for Prioritizing Aeronautics Research |
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49 | (18) |
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Developing Grand Challenges |
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51 | (1) |
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Developing Research Themes |
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51 | (3) |
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Research Themes Should Be Neither Too Broad Nor Too Technical |
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52 | (2) |
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Some Possible Aeronautics Research Themes |
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54 | (1) |
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Developing Technical Approaches |
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54 | (2) |
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Integrating the Framework Components |
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56 | (3) |
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Evaluating Research Options |
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59 | (4) |
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Possible Strategic Metrics |
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59 | (4) |
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Evaluating Research Themes and Grand Challenges |
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63 | (1) |
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Identifying and Mapping Basic Technical Approaches for Addressing Research Themes and Grand Challenges |
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64 | (1) |
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Evaluating Technical Approaches |
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65 | (2) |
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Chapter Five Conclusions and Recommendations |
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67 | (10) |
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A Prioritization Process Based on Compelling Drivers and Opportunities |
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68 | (2) |
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Use Multiple Approaches to Collect Perspectives That Balance the Considerations |
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68 | (1) |
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A Two-Staged Process Enables Strategic Examination by Area |
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69 | (1) |
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Objective Metrics Reflect Considerations Important to Decisionmakers |
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69 | (1) |
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Visualization Techniques Empower Overviews of the Key Information |
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70 | (1) |
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An Illustrative Example of Needs and Research Themes |
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70 | (2) |
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Social and Economic Data Inform the Relative Importance of Aeronautics Research Drivers |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (2) |
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Grand Challenges Can Provide Vision Yet Reflect Practical Drivers |
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73 | (1) |
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These Research Themes Can Provide Strategic Focus |
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73 | (1) |
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Possible Research Themes to Consider |
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74 | (1) |
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Some NASA-Specific Considerations |
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74 | (3) |
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A Analysis of Aeronautics Social and Economic Drivers |
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77 | (26) |
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B Research Themes Decompositions and Conceptual Approaches |
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103 | (18) |
| References |
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121 | |
