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E-grāmata: Advancing Commercialization of Digital Products from Federal Laboratories

  • Formāts: 188 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Feb-2021
  • Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309685979
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  • Formāts: 188 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Feb-2021
  • Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309685979
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Federal laboratories play a unique role in the U.S. economy. Research and development conducted at these labs has contributed to the advancement or improvement of such key general-purpose technologies as nuclear energy, computers, the Internet, genomics, satellite navigation, the Global Positioning System, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality. Digital output from federal laboratories includes data, metadata, images, software, code, tools, databases, algorithms, and statistical models. Importantly, these digital products are nonrivalrous, meaning that unlike physical products, they can be copied at little or no cost and used by many without limit or additional cost.



Advancing Commercialization of Digital Products from Federal Laboratories explores opportunities to add economic value to U.S. industry through enhanced utilization of intellectual property around digital products created at federal laboratories. This report examines the current state of commercialization of digital products developed at the federal labs and, to a limited extent, by extramural awardees, to help identify barriers to commercialization and technology transfer, taking into account differences between government-owned, contractor-operated (GOCO) and government-owned, government-operated (GOGO) federal labs.

Table of Contents



Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 The U.S. Federal Laboratory System 3 Digital Products and Federal Policy for the Innovation Economy 4 Patents, Trade Secrets, Digital Products, and Federal Laboratories 5 Copyrights, Digital Products, and Federal Laboratories 6 Technology Transfer Pathways for Digital Products 7 Measuring the Commercialization of Digital Products from Federal Laboratories References APPENDIXES Appendix A: Agendas Appendix B: Biographies of Committee Members Appendix C: Definitions of Digital Products Appendix D: List of Federal Laboratories
SUMMARY
1(124)
1 Introduction
15(6)
Study Purpose and Scope
16(2)
Definitions of Technology Transfer, Commercialization, and Digital Products
18(1)
Organization of the Report
19(2)
2 The U.S. Federal Laboratory System
21(8)
History and Evolution of the Federal Laboratories
21(2)
The Federal Laboratory Infrastructure
23(1)
Government-owned, Government-operated (GOGO) and Government-owned, Contractor-operated (GOCO) Laboratories
23(1)
Overview of the Research Activities of the Federal Laboratories
24(1)
Technology Transfer Legislation and Policy Relevant to Federal Laboratories
25(2)
Conclusion
27(2)
3 Digital Products And Federal Policy For The Innovation Economy
29(10)
Digital Products and Innovation
29(1)
Intellectual Property Policy and Innovation in the Federal Laboratories
30(5)
The Economics of Digital Products
35(2)
Conclusion
37(1)
Findings and Recommendations
37(2)
4 Patents, Trade Secrets, Digital Products, And Federal Laboratories
39(20)
Patents
39(11)
Trade Secrets
50(5)
Intellectual Property Surrogates: Contractual and Technological Measures
55(1)
Findings and Recommendations
56(3)
5 Copyrights, Digital Products, And Federal Laboratories
59(20)
Overview of Copyright in Digital Products
59(2)
The Government Works Copyright Exclusion
61(5)
Applying Copyright to Federally Created Software
66(9)
Limiting and Assessing Copyright and Exclusive Licensing of Software Developed by GOGO Federal Laboratories
75(1)
Advancing Coherence in Government Software Policy
75(1)
Findings and Recommendations
76(3)
6 Technology Transfer Pathways For Digital Products
79(14)
Technology Transfer Offices at the Federal Laboratories
79(2)
Technology Transfer and Dissemination Pathways
81(8)
Technology Transfer/Commercialization Ecosystem Enablers
89(1)
Incentives for Scientists and Engineers to Engage in Technology Transfer at Federal Laboratories
89(2)
Findings and Recommendations
91(2)
7 Measuring The Commercialization Of Digital Products From Federal Laboratories
93(32)
Overview and Assessment of Available Data
94(11)
Proposed New Metrics
105(3)
In Closing
108(1)
Findings and Recommendations
108(3)
References
111(14)
Appendixes
A Agendas
125(8)
B Biographies of Committee Members
133(6)
C Definitions of Digital Products
139(4)
D List of Federal Laboratories
143