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Air Pollution Control Engineering for Environmental Engineers: Fundamentals and Applications [Hardback]

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Edited by (California State University, Fullerton, USA)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 378 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 860 g, 41 Tables, black and white; 129 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sērija : Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-Dec-2018
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138032042
  • ISBN-13: 9781138032040
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Air Pollution Control Engineering for Environmental Engineers: Fundamentals and ApplicationsPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 378 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 860 g, 41 Tables, black and white; 129 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sērija : Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-Dec-2018
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138032042
  • ISBN-13: 9781138032040
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781138032040.html
Keywords:
A concise yet comprehensive book that can be read and used from cover to cover, presenting topics that are fundamental for environmental engineering students, engineers, and professionals in the fields of air pollution control engineering and management. Air Pollution Control Engineering for Environmental Engineers covers topics including regulatory approaches to managing air pollution, emissions calculations, and control technologies for various air pollutants. This textbook also presents practical and contemporary issues, such as fugitive component leak detection and repair (LDAR). Subjects in the specifications of Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) and Professional Engineering (PE) exams are embedded in this book. Filled with real-world engineering design and calculation examples, the reader's understanding and common sense needed for air pollution control and management will be enhanced.

Features











Provides well-digested practical information for both engineering students and engineering professionals in the fields of air pollution control engineering and management.





Written in a reader-friendly format for easy grasp of common sense needed for a successful engineering profession.





Covers subjects in the specifications of Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) and Professional Engineering (PE) exams relevant to air pollution control.





Includes practical and meaningful engineering design and calculation examples.
Preface xiii
Air Pollutants and Their Adverse Effects 1(10)
1.1 Characteristics of Air Pollutants
1(2)
1.1.1 Gas, vapor, particulate matter, soot, smoke, fog, aerosol and smog
1(1)
1.1.2 Inorganics, organics, or microbial
2(1)
1.1.3 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
2(1)
1.1.4 Primary and secondary air pollutants
3(1)
1.2 Groups of Air Pollutants
3(2)
1.2.1 Criteria air pollutants
3(1)
1.2.2 Hazardous air pollutants
4(1)
1.2.3 Greenhouse gases
4(1)
1.2.4 Indoor air pollutants
4(1)
1.3 Sources of Air Pollutants
5(1)
1.3.1 Natural, biogenic, and anthropogenic sources
5(1)
1.3.2 Stationary vs. mobile sources
5(1)
1.3.3 Point, area, line and volume sources
5(1)
1.3.4 Major and area sources
6(1)
1.3.5 Fugitive emissions
6(1)
1.4 Adverse Effects of Air Pollution
6(5)
1.4.1 Human health
6(2)
1.4.2 Ecosystems
8(1)
1.4.3 Properties
9(1)
1.4.4 Global environment
9(1)
1.4.5 Useful data sources
9(2)
Properties of Air and Compounds of Concern 11(26)
2.1 Our Atmosphere
11(2)
2.2 Factors Affecting Properties of Air
13(3)
2.2.1 Temperature
13(1)
2.2.2 Pressure
14(1)
2.2.3 Properties of ideal gases
15(1)
2.3 Basic Properties of Air
16(5)
2.3.1 Molecular weight
16(1)
2.3.2 Density
16(1)
2.3.3 Viscosity
17(2)
2.3.4 Specific heat capacity
19(2)
2.3.5 Reynolds number
21(1)
2.4 Properties of Compounds of Concern in Air
21(8)
2.4.1 Vapor pressure
21(4)
2.4.2 Humidity
25(2)
2.4.3 Heating value
27(2)
2.5 Interaction among Gas, Liquid, and Solid
29(6)
2.5.1 Diffusion
29(1)
2.5.2 Vapor-liquid equilibrium
30(4)
2.5.3 Vapor-solid equilibrium
34(1)
Bibliography
35(1)
Exercise Questions
35(2)
Regulatory Approaches to Solve Air Pollution Problems 37(27)
3.1 Regulatory Framework
37(1)
3.2 Clean Air Act
38(5)
3.2.1 National ambient air quality standards (NAAQS)
38(3)
3.2.2 Air quality implementation plans
41(1)
3.2.3 Emission standards for new and modified sources
41(1)
3.2.4 Emission standards for existing sources
42(1)
3.2.5 Emission standards for HAPs
42(1)
3.2.6 Permits
42(1)
3.2.7 Other air pollution control programs
43(1)
3.3 Ambient Air Monitoring
43(8)
3.3.1 Sample collection for criteria pollutants
44(4)
3.3.2 Analytical methods for criteria pollutants
48(1)
3.3.3 Air Quality Index
49(1)
3.3.4 Sampling and analysis of ambient HAPs
50(1)
3.4 Emission Monitoring and Measurements
51(5)
3.4.1 Stationary source emission sampling
52(4)
3.4.2 Continuous emission monitoring (CEM)
56(1)
3.5 Emission Inventory and Emission Factors
56(4)
3.5.1 Emission inventory
56(4)
3.5.2 Emission factors
60(1)
3.6 Air Pollution Management
60(2)
3.6.1 Air pollution control philosophies
61(1)
3.6.2 Air pollution control strategies
61(1)
Bibliography
62(1)
Exercise Questions
63(1)
Basic Principles for Engineering Calculations 64(16)
4.1 Flow Rate and Velocity
64(3)
4.2 Concentrations
67(2)
4.3 Mass Loading Rate and Residence Time
69(1)
4.4 Emission Capture and Gas Handling System
70(7)
4.4.1 Hood system
71(2)
4.4.2 Ductwork
73(1)
4.4.3 Fan system
73(3)
4.4.4 Sizing a fan/blower
76(1)
Bibliography
77(1)
Exercise Questions
77(3)
Air Pollution Meteorology and Air Pollutant Concentration Models 80(30)
5.1 The troposphere
80(2)
5.2 Horizontal Movement of Air
82(2)
5.2.1 Horizontal air circulation
82(1)
5.2.2 Wind
82(2)
5.3 Vertical Movement of Air
84(4)
5.3.1 Lapse rates
84(1)
5.3.2 Atmospheric stability
85(2)
5.3.3 Types of inversion
87(1)
5.4 Air Pollution Plume
88(5)
5.4.1 Atmospheric stability and plume behavior
88(3)
5.4.2 Topographical features
91(2)
5.5 Effective Stack Height
93(1)
5.6 Air Pollutant Concentration Models
94(12)
5.6.1 A simple box model
94(2)
5.6.2 Gaussian plume dispersion model
96(4)
5.6.3 Special cases for the Gaussian dispersion equation
100(2)
5.6.4 Location of the maximum ground-level concentration
102(3)
5.6.5 EPA models
105(1)
5.7 Summary
106(1)
Bibliography
106(1)
Exercise Questions
107(3)
Control of Particulate Emissions 110(80)
6.1 Introduction
110(7)
6.1.1 Sources of particulate emissions
111(5)
6.1.2 Particulate removal and commonly-used removal devices
116(1)
6.1.3 Characteristics of particulates and gas stream relevant to removal
116(1)
6.2 Particle Size, Size Distribution, and Removal Mechanisms
117(21)
6.2.1 Particle size
117(3)
6.2.2 Particle size distribution (PSD)
120(5)
6.2.3 Reynolds number for particulate travel
125(2)
6.2.4 Particle collection/removal mechanisms
127(11)
6.3 Gravity Settling Chamber
138(7)
6.3.1 Principles of gravity settling
139(2)
6.3.2 Gravity settling systems and their components
141(1)
6.3.3 Factors affecting particle removal by gravity settling
141(1)
6.3.4 Design calculations for gravity settlers
142(3)
6.4 Cyclones
145(8)
6.4.1 Principles of cyclones
145(2)
6.4.2 Cyclones and their components
147(1)
6.4.3 Factors affecting performance of cyclones
148(1)
6.4.4 Design calculations for cyclones
148(5)
6.5 Electrostatic Precipitators
153(9)
6.5.1 Principles of electrostatic precipitators
154(1)
6.5.2 ESP systems and their components
155(3)
6.5.3 Factors affecting performance of ESPs
158(2)
6.5.4 Design calculations for ESPs
160(2)
6.6 Fabric Filters
162(9)
6.6.1 Principles of filtration
162(1)
6.6.2 Fabric filtration systems and their components
163(4)
6.6.3 Factors affecting performance of fabric filters
167(3)
6.6.4 Design calculations for fabric filters
170(1)
6.7 Wet Scrubbers
171(12)
6.7.1 Principles of wet scrubbing
171(2)
6.7.2 Wet scrubbing systems and their components
173(4)
6.7.3 Factors affecting performance of wet scrubbers
177(1)
6.7.4 Design calculations for wet scrubbers
178(5)
6.8 Considerations in Selection of Types of Removal Devices
183(1)
6.9 Conclusion
184(1)
Bibliography
184(2)
Exercise Questions
186(4)
Control of Organic and Inorganic Gaseous Emission 190(68)
7.1 Introduction
190(3)
7.1.1 Sources and emissions of VOCs
191(2)
7.1.2 Types of emission reduction technologies
193(1)
7.1.3 Important gas stream characteristics
193(1)
7.2 Adsorption
193(13)
7.2.1 Principles of adsorption
194(1)
7.2.2 Adsorption systems and their components
195(2)
7.2.3 Factors affecting adsorption
197(1)
7.2.4 Design considerations for adsorbers
198(8)
7.3 3 Absorption
206(9)
7.3.1 Principles of absorption
206(2)
7.3.2 Absorption systems and their components
208(2)
7.3.3 Factors affecting absorption
210(1)
7.3.4 Design calculations
210(5)
7.4 Thermal Oxidation
215(19)
7.4.1 Principle of thermal oxidation
215(3)
7.4.2 Thermal oxidation systems and their components
218(3)
7.4.3 Factors affecting thermal oxidation
221(2)
7.4.4 Design calculations for thermal oxidizers
223(11)
7.5 Catalytic Incineration
234(4)
7.5.1 Principles of catalytic incineration
234(1)
7.5.2 Catalytic incineration systems and their components
234(1)
7.5.3 Factors affecting catalytic incineration
235(1)
7.5.4 Design calculations for catalytic thermal oxidizers
236(2)
7.6 Condensers
238(9)
7.6.1 Principles of condensation
239(1)
7.6.2 Condensation systems and their components
239(2)
7.6.3 Factors affecting condensation
241(1)
7.6.4 Design calculations for condensers
242(5)
7.7 Bioreactors
247(6)
7.7.1 Principles of bio-reaction
247(1)
7.7.2 Bioreactors and their components
247(4)
7.7.3 Factors affecting performance of bioreactors
251(1)
7.7.4 Design calculations for bioreactors
252(1)
Bibliography
253(2)
Exercise Questions
255(3)
Control of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions 258(29)
8.1 Introduction
258(4)
8.1.1 Nitrogen oxides and NOx
258(1)
8.1.2 Sources and emissions of NOx
259(3)
8.1.3 The problems associated with NOx
262(1)
8.2 Stationary Combustion Systems
262(4)
8.2.1 Diffusion and premixed flame
262(1)
8.2.2 Combustion temperature
263(1)
8.2.3 Stationary combustion systems
263(3)
8.3 Formation Mechanisms of NOx
266(3)
8.3.1 Formation of thermal NOx
267(2)
8.3.2 Formation of fuel NOx
269(1)
8.3.3 Formation of prompt NOx
269(1)
8.4 Approaches to Reduce NOx Emissions
269(1)
8.5 Combustion Modification
270(6)
8.5.1 Low excess-air combustion
270(1)
8.5.2 Off-stoichiometric combustion
271(2)
8.5.3 Flue gas recirculation (FGR)
273(1)
8.5.4 Low NOx burner
274(1)
8.5.5 Gas reburning
275(1)
8.6 Flue-gas Treatment
276(3)
8.6.1 Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR)
277(1)
8.6.2 Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
278(1)
8.7 Fuel Switching
279(1)
8.8 Process Selection and Design Considerations
279(5)
8.8.1 Process selection
279(1)
8.8.2 Design calculation
280(4)
8.9 Summary
284(1)
Bibliography
284(2)
Exercise Questions
286(1)
Control of Sulfur Oxides Emissions 287(20)
9.1 Introduction
287(3)
9.1.1 The problems
287(1)
9.1.2 Sources of the problems
288(2)
9.1.3 Overview of control alternatives to the problems
290(1)
9.2 Chemistry of Sulfur and Sulfur Oxides
290(1)
9.3 Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization
291(6)
9.3.1 Lime scrubbing
292(1)
9.3.2 Limestone scrubbing
293(1)
9.3.3 Sodium carbonate scrubbing
293(1)
9.3.4 Dual-alkali scrubbing
294(2)
9.3.5 Magnesium oxide scrubbing
296(1)
9.3.6 Well-Lord scrubbing
297(1)
9.3.7 Citrate process
297(1)
9.4 Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization
297(3)
9.4.1 Spray-dryer absorption
297(1)
9.4.2 Dry-injection absorption
298(2)
9.5 Alternatives to End-of-the-Pipe Control
300(2)
9.5.1 Removal of reduce sulfur compounds in natural gas and petroleum
300(1)
9.5.2 Coal liquefaction and gasification
301(1)
9.5.3 Coal cleaning
301(1)
9.5.4 Low-sulfur fuel
301(1)
9.5.5 Recovery for beneficial reuses
301(1)
9.6 Process Selection and Design Considerations
302(2)
9.6.1 Process selection
302(1)
9.6.2 Design calculations
302(2)
9.7 Summary
304(1)
Bibliography
304(2)
Exercise Questions
306(1)
Control of Mobile Source Pollution 307(13)
10.1 Overview of Mobile Source Pollution
307(5)
10.1.1 Mobile sources of air pollution
307(1)
10.1.2 Pollutants emitted by mobile sources
307(5)
10.2 Emissions from Mobile Sources
312(3)
10.2.1 Sources of emissions from automobiles
312(1)
10.2.2 Reciprocating engines
313(1)
10.2.3 Factors affecting the pollutant formation and emissions
314(1)
10.3 Control of Emissions from Mobile Sources
315(3)
10.3.1 Control of evaporative and fueling losses
315(1)
10.3.2 Control of tail-pipe emissions
316(1)
10.3.3 Reformulated gasoline
317(1)
10.3.4 Alternative fuels
317(1)
10.3.5 Other measures
318(1)
10.4 Summary
318(1)
Bibliography
318(1)
Exercise Questions
319(1)
Fugitive Emissions and Control 320(12)
11.1 Introduction
320(3)
11.1.1 Definition
320(1)
11.1.2 Regulations affecting fugitive emissions
321(1)
11.1.3 Sources of Fugitive Emissions
321(1)
11.1.4 Control of Emissions from Equipment Leaks
322(1)
11.2 LDAR Program
323(1)
11.2.1 Objectives of LADR programs
323(1)
11.2.2 Elements of an LDAR program
323(1)
11.2.3 Federal Reference Method 21
324(1)
11.3 Protocol for Equipment Leak Emission Estimates
324(4)
11.3.1 Types of emission factors
324(1)
11.3.2 Derivations of EFs
325(2)
11.3.3 Uses of EFs
327(1)
11.4 Summary
328(1)
Bibliography
328(3)
Exercise Questions
331(1)
Ozone, Acid Rains, and Greenhouse Gases 332(17)
12.1 Photochemical Smog
332(4)
12.1.1 Basic photochemical cycle
333(2)
12.1.2 Roles of VOCs in photochemical smog
335(1)
12.2 Ozone
336(2)
12.2.1 Tropospheric ozone
337(1)
12.2.2 Stratospheric ozone
337(1)
12.3 Acid Rain
338(2)
12.3.1 Acid rain basics
339(1)
12.3.2 Effects of acid rain
339(1)
12.3.3 Measures to control acid rain
340(1)
12.4 Greenhouse Gases
340(7)
12.4.1 Greenhouse gases
340(1)
12.4.2 Global warming and global warming potential
341(1)
12.4.3 Sources of GHGs
342(2)
12.4.4 Sources and reduction of CO2 emissions
344(1)
12.4.5 Sources and reduction of CH4 emissions
345(1)
12.4.6 Sources and reduction of N2O emissions
346(1)
12.4.7 Sources and reduction of fluorinated gases emissions
346(1)
Bibliography
347(1)
Exercise Questions
348(1)
Other Topics 349(5)
13.1 Visibility and Haze
349(1)
13.2 Odor
350(1)
13.3 Lead
351(1)
13.4 Indoor Air Pollution
351(3)
13.4.1 Sources of indoor air pollutants
351(1)
13.4.2 Categories of indoor air pollutants
351(1)
13.4.3 Effects of indoor air pollution
352(1)
13.4.4 Measures to reduce exposure indoor air pollution
353(1)
13.4.5 Air exchange rate
354(1)
13.5 OSHA permissible exposure limits
354(1)
Bibliography 354(2)
Index 356
Dr. Jeff (Jih-Fen) Kuo worked in environmental engineering industries for over ten years before joining the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at California State University, Fullerton in 1995. Areas of research in environmental engineering include dechlorination of halogenated aromatics by ultrasound, fines/bacteria migration through porous media, biodegradability of heavy hydrocarbons, surface properties of composite mineral oxides, kinetics of activated carbon adsorption, wastewater filtration, THM formation potential of ion exchange resins, UV disinfection, sequential chlorination, nitrification/denitrification, removal of target compounds using nanoparticles, persulfate oxidation of persistent chemicals, microwave oxidation for wastewater treatment, landfill gas recovery and utilization, greenhouse gases control technologies, fugitive methane emissions from gas industry, and storm water runoff treatment. He received a B.S. degree in chemical engineering from National Taiwan University, an M.S. in chemical engineering from University of Wyoming, an M.S. in petroleum engineering, and an M.S. and a Ph.D. in environmental engineering from University of Southern California. He is a professional civil, mechanical, and chemical engineer registered in California.