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E-grāmata: Air Pollution in the Ural Mountains: Environmental, Health and Policy Aspects

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Mankind has created pollution, and has suffered its consequences since time immemorial. This has intesified greatly since the industrial revolution. One of the main problems in society, and a major function of government is how to cope with this pollution. 80 years ago the maxim used to be "the solution to pollution is dilution"; to dilute any pollted water supply in a large river, or to build a tall chimney stack to dilute air pollutants into the air so that concentrations of pollutants are always low. Since 1950 western countries have gone further and made major attempts to reduce the emissions of the most important pollutants. The discussion of what is an important pollutant has changed. To S02 and heavy metals such as cadmium or arsenic we now add fine particles and even (when we discuss global climate change) C02. The experience and practice of the western countries was only partly followed in the USSR (although the switch from use of coal to natural gas in major cities around 1970 was very important). Since the collapse of the USSR it has become fashionable both in the west and inside Russia to blame all society's ills on pollution. The statistics do not bear out that conclusion, but pollution remains an important issue which can be reduced without significant detriment to other societal values.

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Air Pollution in the Ural mountains, Magnitogorsk, Russia, 26-30 May 1997

Recenzijas

`... this book is a must for researchers on air and radioactive pollution. It is a basic document for those of us interested in the environmental quality of the Ural area in particular and in countries with transitional economies in general.' International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 11:3 (1999)

Papildus informācija

Springer Book Archives
Particulate Air Pollution.- Mining and Environment in the Urals During
the 18th and 19th Centuries.- Analysis of the Environmental Situation in the
Ural Economic Region.- Pollution Stress to Siberian Forests.- Dry Deposition
of Particles from the Atmosphere.- Russian Regulatory Diffusion Models:
Status, Results of Validation and International Intercomparisons.- Numerical
Simulation Models for Airborne Heavy Metals in Europe: A Review.-
Measurements and Models for Trace Element Input and Time Distribution
Recorded in Forest Soil and Bog Ecosystems.- The Use of Portable
Instrumentation for Assessing Environmental Contamination in the Urals Region
of Russia.- Use of Small Mammals for Monitoring Heavy Metal Contamination in
the Environment.- Influence of Air Pollutants in the 7Be Size Distribution of
Atmospheric Aerosols.- Environmental Conditions in the Areas Exposed to
Emission from the Gas Processing Industry in South Ural.- Study of the
Environmental Contamination in the Major Industrial Areas of the Urals with
Focus on Remediation of Human Health Problems (Report of the Working Group on
Environmental Contaminants).- Assessment and Comparative Analysis of Health
Risks Caused by Air Pollution in Cities of Russia.- Lead Contamination of
Russian Cities: Assessment of Risk to Childrens Health.- Evaluation of
Existing Environmental Information Systems in Russia Applicable for Human
Health Effects Assessment.- Existing Health Information Systems in the
Russian Federation and their Use in the Assessment of Environmental Health
Effects.- Assessing Chronic Health Risks from Stationary Source Air Emissions
in Volgograd, Russia.- Public Health Trends in a Transitional Russian City
(1959-1994).- Contemporary Problems of Ecopathology and Evaluation of Health
Risk in Management ofEnvironmental Quality in the Ural Region.- Evaluation of
Ecological Pathology for the Tasks of Monitoring and Nature Protection
Management.- Ecopathology of Mercury Pollution.- Perspectives on United
States Methods of Human and Environmental Risk Assessment.- Prioritizing
Environmental Activities in Nizhnii Tagil Based on the Assessment of Human
Health Risks Due to Air Contamination.- Health Effects Associated With Air
Pollution in the Ural Mountains (Report of the Working Group on Health
Effects).- The Role of Economic Valuation in Decision Making About Air
Pollution.- Optimal Control Applied to Air Pollution.- Uncertainty Assessment
of Biogenic Emissions Estimates and its Impact on Ozone Attainment Control
Strategy Selection.- Air Pollution Space-Time Analysis.- Automated
Information System for Decision Making Support Designed to Reduce
Environmental Consequences of Industrial Accidents.- Hazard Ranking for
Industrial Areas.- Assessment of Sources of Heavy Metals and SOx Emissions in
the Southern Ural Mountains and Recommendations for Emissions Abatement
(Report of the Working Group on Policy Issues).- The Contamination and
Recovery of Natural Ecosystems by Smelting and Mining Activities at Sudbury,
Ontario.- Retrospective Analysis of the Environment and Community Associated
with the ODonnell Roast Bed, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.- Heavy Metal
Atmospheric Deposition around an Iron Smelter Complex Studied by the Moss
Biomonitoring Technique.- Exposure to Lead and its Effect on Children Health
in Belovo (Metallurgical Plant).- Air Pollution in Poland.- Atmospheric
Pollution in Greece.- Air Pollution around the World (Discussion Summary).-
Problems of Radioactive Contamination in the Urals.- Radioactive
Contamination of the Techa River.- Significance of Long RangeAtmospheric
Transport for Heavy Metal and Radionuclide Contamination of the Terrestrial
Environment.- Epidemiologic Studies on the Health Effects of Ionizing
Radiation.- Radioactive and Trace Elements in the Ural Mountains (Report of
the Working Group on Environmental and Health Effects of Radiation).- List of
Participants.- Author Index.