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E-grāmata: Alcohol and Tobacco: Medical and Sociological Aspects of Use, Abuse and Addiction

  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 29-Apr-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030419417
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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 29-Apr-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030419417

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This updated and revised second edition of “Alcohol and Tobacco” reflects the new ICD 11 and DSM V classifications and provides comprehensive descriptions of new therapeutic approaches, outlining the different interactions between personality, environment and the effects of the respective substance.

In addition to new data on prevention-based therapies, especially for smoking addiction, the book also presents essential psychological and sociological strategies, and medication-based therapies. Particular attention is given to new medications and new compounds for e-cigarettes, while a broad overview of the American and European epidemiology of alcohol and nicotine addictions rounds out the coverage.

Given the breadth and depth of its coverage, the book will appeal to a wide readership, from professionals to researchers and students.

 



In this book, new therapeutic approaches are comprehensively described, outlining the different interactions between personality, environment and the effects of the substance. In addition, the book provides a broad overview of the American and European epidemiology of alcohol and nicotine addictions. The book is written for all those who care for and offer professional therapy for alcohol and nicotine-addicted patients.
1 Information About the Origination of This Book
1(6)
1.1 Aims of This Book
2(2)
1.2 Personal Reasons for the First Author Writing This Book
4(3)
References
5(2)
2 Addiction: A Short Overview of a Widespread Disease
7(10)
2.1 Introduction
7(1)
2.2 Prevention
8(1)
2.3 The Diagnosis Addiction
8(1)
2.4 Aetiology of Addiction
9(1)
2.5 Secondary Disorders and Addiction
10(1)
2.6 Secondary Diseases and Brain Functions
10(1)
2.7 Subgroups of Addictions
11(1)
2.8 Motivation of Addicts
11(1)
2.9 The Path from Motivation to Therapy
12(1)
2.10 Addiction and Relapse
12(1)
2.11 Specific Groups of Addicts
12(2)
2.11.1 Co-Morbidity of Addictions
12(1)
2.11.2 Overweight and Eating Disorders
13(1)
2.11.3 Gender
13(1)
2.12 Addiction and the Homeless
14(1)
2.13 Polytoxikomania
14(1)
2.14 Non-physical Dependency (Psychological Dependency)
14(3)
References
15(2)
3 Aetiology of Addiction
17(30)
3.1 The Psycho-Socio-Biological Model
17(1)
3.2 Psychological Theories
17(6)
3.2.1 Behavioural Approaches
18(1)
3.2.2 Models of Depth Psychology
19(1)
3.2.3 Depth Psychological Approach
20(1)
3.2.4 Ego-Psychological Approaches
20(1)
3.2.5 The Psychological Model of Object Relations
21(1)
3.2.6 Theoretical Approach of Narcissism
22(1)
3.2.7 Explanation Models According to Family Psychotherapy
22(1)
3.3 Social Explanation Approaches
23(1)
3.4 Biological Theories About the Aetiology of Tobacco and Alcohol Addiction
24(8)
3.4.1 Important Findings About Tobacco and Alcohol Use from Basic Research
24(2)
3.4.2 Aspects of Alcohol and Tobacco Metabolism
26(1)
3.4.3 Maternal Tobacco and Alcohol Use During Pregnancy: A Risk Factor for the Offspring?
27(5)
3.5 Aetiological Aspects of Tobacco and Alcohol Dependence from an Epidemiological Perspective
32(3)
3.6 Aetiology of Addiction from a Psychiatric Perspective
35(12)
References
38(9)
4 Prevention Strategies
47(14)
4.1 Attitudes Towards Addictive Drugs
47(3)
4.1.1 Attitudes Towards Alcohol Consumption
47(1)
4.1.2 Attitudes Towards Tobacco Consumption
48(2)
4.2 Primary Prevention of Tobacco and Alcohol Addiction
50(3)
4.3 Secondary Prevention: Early Diagnosis and Intervention
53(3)
4.3.1 Conclusions for Secondary Prevention
54(2)
4.4 Tertiary Prevention
56(5)
References
57(4)
5 Diagnosis of Abuse and Addiction
61(24)
5.1 Problems Concerning Psychiatric Diagnoses
61(2)
5.2 Development of the Term "Dependence"
63(1)
5.3 ICD-10 and DSM-IV
63(4)
5.3.1 ICD-10
63(3)
5.3.2 DSM-IV
66(1)
5.4 Tobacco or Alcohol Abuse
67(1)
5.5 Tobacco-Alcohol Dependence
68(2)
5.5.1 Specifiers Defining Subgroups of Dependence (DSM-IV)
68(1)
5.5.2 Course Specifiers
69(1)
5.5.3 Treatment According to Therapeutic Settings
70(1)
5.6 Withdrawal Symptoms of Tobacco and Alcohol
70(1)
5.7 Commonalities and Differences of ICD-10 and DSM-IV
70(1)
5.8 Changes of These Classification Systems
71(3)
5.8.1 ICD-11
71(1)
5.8.2 DSM-5
72(2)
5.9 Implication of these Classification Systems for Therapy and Research
74(11)
5.9.1 Alcohol
74(4)
5.9.2 Tobacco
78(2)
References
80(5)
6 Types, Dimensions and Aetiology
85(44)
6.1 Alcohol Addiction
85(9)
6.1.1 Development of Typology Research
85(1)
6.1.2 Important Typologies for Research and Practice
86(6)
6.1.3 Assessment of Severity in Different Dimensions
92(2)
6.2 Tobacco Addiction
94(4)
6.2.1 Smoking Typology According to Schoberberger and Kunze
94(1)
6.2.2 Smoking Typology According to Fagerstrom
95(1)
6.2.3 European Smoking Classification System
96(2)
6.3 Alcohol Addiction: Lesch's Typology
98(20)
6.3.1 Framework for the Definition of Lesch's Typology
98(1)
6.3.2 Alcohol Addiction from a Longitudinal Perspective 1976-1982-1995
99(1)
6.3.3 The "Burgenland Model"
100(1)
6.3.4 Methodology of the Longitudinal Study on Alcohol-Dependent Patients (According to DSM-ITI and ICD-9), Used for the Development of Lesch's Typology
100(3)
6.3.5 Stability in the Longitudinal Course
103(2)
6.3.6 The Four Long-Term Illness Courses Used for Lesch's Typology
105(3)
6.3.7 Results of Studies Using the Lesch Typology
108(8)
6.3.8 Lesch's Typology from an International Comparative Perspective
116(2)
6.4 The Relationship Between Alcohol-Dependent Patients According to Lesch's Typology and the Severity of Tobacco Addiction
118(11)
References
119(10)
7 Motives of Alcohol- and/or Tobacco-Addicted Patients to Seek Medical Help
129(52)
7.1 Tobacco Addiction
129(1)
7.2 Alcohol Addiction
130(1)
7.3 Sequelae that Bring Patients into Therapy
131(12)
7.3.1 Tobacco and Sequelae
131(5)
7.3.2 Pulmonary Diseases
136(6)
7.3.3 Oncological Diseases
142(1)
7.3.4 Dentistry
143(1)
7.3.5 Psychiatry
143(1)
7.4 Alcohol and Sequelae
143(38)
7.4.1 Introduction
143(3)
7.4.2 Alcohol's Significance for Neurology and Psychiatry
146(1)
7.4.3 Alcohol and Psychiatric Disorders
147(10)
7.4.4 Alcohol and Neurological Disorders
157(11)
References
168(13)
8 Detection of Alcohol and Tobacco Addiction
181(14)
8.1 Recommendations for the First Contact
181(2)
8.1.1 Clinician's Dialogue Regarding Alcohol Addiction
181(2)
8.2 Assessment of Drinking Behaviour by Using Biological Markers
183(9)
8.2.1 Trait Markers
184(1)
8.2.2 State Markers
184(1)
8.2.3 Associated Markers
185(1)
8.2.4 Practical Suggestions for the Use of Biological Markers for Forensic Purposes
185(7)
8.3 The Clinical Dialogue in Tobacco Addiction
192(3)
References
192(3)
9 Therapeutic Strategies in Alcohol and Tobacco Addiction
195(76)
9.1 Neuroscience of Motivation
195(3)
9.1.1 The Roots of Pleasure
195(1)
9.1.2 "Liking", "Wanting" and Incentive Salience
196(2)
9.2 The Psychological Stages of Addiction
198(3)
9.2.1 Denial: "The Elephant in the Living Room"
198(1)
9.2.2 Ambivalence: "You Talk the Walk but You Don't Walk the Talk"
199(1)
9.2.3 Acceptance: "Ending the Internal Fight"
200(1)
9.2.4 Short-Term Sobriety: Optimism Versus Miserableness
200(1)
9.2.5 Long-Term Sobriety
201(1)
9.3 The Psychological Management of Motivation in Clinical Practice
201(4)
9.3.1 Motivational Interviewing
201(3)
9.3.2 Clinical Considerations in Motivational Psychological Intervention
204(1)
9.4 Motivation for Therapy in Different Settings
205(3)
9.4.1 Motivational Interviewing at the General practitioners
205(1)
9.4.2 Motivational Interviewing in Internal Medicine
206(1)
9.4.3 Motivational Interviewing During Pregnancy
206(1)
9.4.4 Motivational Interviewing in Psychiatric Settings
207(1)
9.5 Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol and Tobacco Addiction
208(7)
9.5.1 Biological Principles of Pharmacotherapy
208(7)
9.6 Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol Withdrawal
215(14)
9.6.1 Withdrawal Syndrome
215(1)
9.6.2 Therapy of Withdrawal States
215(4)
9.6.3 Therapy of the Withdrawal Syndromes According to Lesch's Typology
219(8)
9.6.4 Complications in Alcohol Withdrawal
227(2)
9.7 Alternatives to Withdrawal
229(3)
9.7.1 Gradual Reduction of Drinking Amount, "Cut Down Drinking", Method According to David Sinclair
230(1)
9.7.2 Case Study: "Cut Down Drinking"
231(1)
9.8 Pharmacotherapy of Tobacco Withdrawal Syndrome
232(4)
9.8.1 Symptoms of the Tobacco Withdrawal Syndrome
233(1)
9.8.2 Therapy of the Tobacco Withdrawal Syndrome
234(2)
9.9 Medical Strategies for Relapse Prevention
236(35)
9.9.1 General Guidelines for Relapse Prevention
236(1)
9.9.2 Goals for Relapse Prevention
237(3)
9.9.3 Pharmacotherapy Against the So-Called "Negative" Craving (=Desire for Addictive Substances to Relieve Negative Mood and Anxiety)
240(1)
9.9.4 Pharmacotherapy in Relapse Prevention in Dependent Patients
241(2)
9.9.5 Alcohol Relapse Prevention According to Lesch's Typology
243(4)
9.9.6 Treatment of Relapses According to Lesch's Typology
247(1)
9.9.7 Pharmacotherapy of Relapse Prevention in Tobacco Dependents
248(8)
References
256(15)
10 Sociotherapy of Alcohol and Tobacco Dependents with Regard to Lesch's Typology
271(98)
10.1 Alcohol and Tobacco
271(1)
10.2 The Sociotherapeutic Mission
272(4)
10.3 Classification Psychotherapy-Sociotherapy
276(4)
10.4 Sociogenesis and Sociotherapeutic Chances
280(11)
10.4.1 Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sociogenesis
280(1)
10.4.2 Sociological Factors on a Macro Level
281(3)
10.4.3 Co-morbidity and Marginal Group Identity
284(3)
10.4.4 The Link Between Social Relationships (Factors on a Social Micro Level), Group Coherence and Resilience
287(2)
10.4.5 Analogy to Gerontology: An Atrophy of the "Social Atom"
289(2)
10.5 Sociotherapy in the Context of Therapeutic Phases
291(7)
10.5.1 Sociotherapy Location(s)
291(1)
10.5.2 Therapeutic Phases and Settings
292(5)
10.5.3 Psychoeducation
297(1)
10.6 State of the Art: Overlapping Perspectives for Sociotherapeutic Housing and Support Projects for Alcohol Dependents
298(18)
10.6.1 Standard Categories
299(9)
10.6.2 Excursus: Supported Housing Projects--Worlds of Their Own
308(8)
10.7 Motivation: A Challenge for Whom?
316(5)
10.7.1 Ambivalent Functions of Motivation
316(2)
10.7.2 The Relationship Between Dependence and Motivation Systems
318(3)
10.8 Sociotherapy as Network Promoter
321(8)
10.8.1 Micro and Meso Levels of Networking
322(6)
10.8.2 Macro Levels of Networking
328(1)
10.9 Sociotherapy with Alcohol Dependents in the Context of Lesch's Typology
329(40)
10.9.1 The Critical Relationship Between Psychiatry and Sociotherapy
329(1)
10.9.2 Application of the Typology in Sociotherapeutic Contexts
330(2)
10.9.3 The Relationship Between Type and Self-Regulation
332(4)
10.9.4 Types and Aims of Therapy
336(2)
10.9.5 Sociotherapeutic Aspects of Therapy with Alcohol Dependents Who Are Fundamentally Impaired in Their Performance
338(24)
References
362(7)
Appendix A Lesch Alcoholism Typology--Questionnaire 369(8)
Appendix B Lesch European Smoker Classification 377(14)
Appendix C Assessment of Types of Opiate Dependence 391
Otto Michael Lesch, MD, Specialist in psychiatry and neurology, the author is currently President of the Austrian Society of Addiction Medicine, . Since 1972 he is responsible for long term studies in alcohol dependence. He organized many international clinical trials and basic research in alcohol and tobacco dependence. He served 12 years as secretary of ESBRA and organized European networks for alcohol research. He always bridged the gap between basic and clinical research and developed clinical used tools to define subgroups of addiction for better treatment approaches. His assessment tools are now available in many different languages (www.LAT-online.at).





Henriette Walter, MD, has served as University Professor  at the Medical University, Vienna. Dr. Walter is specialized in alcoholism since more than 20 years, both, practically and scientifically, with over 200 publications. She is secretary of the AUSAM, the Austrian Society of Addiction Medicine and an ESBRA board member. She is associate editor of the Journal Hypnose, a field in which she takes an active scientific interest since 1982. She gives regular training courses in medical hypnosis.





Christian Wetschka, PhD, is social pedagogue, working in diverse social therapeutic and pastoral fields, supervisor, founder of Verein Struktur, Vienna, which provides commune-flats for alcohol dependent persons.





Michie N. Hesselbrock, PhD, is Professor Emeritus at the School of Social Work, and Professor of Psychiatry at the School of Medicine, University of Connecticut. She held the Zachs Chair, and was the founder and director of the PhD program at the School of Social Work before her retirement. She has served on several NIH study sections and VA Merit review committees as a regular member and as an ad hoc reviewer. Her research interests include epidemiology, behavior genetics, and health disparities of alcoholism and treatment.





Victor Hesselbrock,PhD, is currently Professor and Interim Chairman, Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine. He holds the Physicians Health Services endowed chair in Addiction Studies. Dr. Hesselbrock is the Principal Investigator and Scientific Director of the University of Connecticuts NIH/NIAAA funded Alcohol Research Center and is co-PI of the NIH funded national Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). He is a past President of the Research Society on Alcoholism (RSA). Dr. Hesselbrock is Associate Editor of Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, a Review Editor for Addiction, and a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. His research interests include: the genetic epidemiology of alcoholism; co-morbid psychiatric conditions and substance dependence; and psychosocial, cognitive, and genetic risk factors for developing alcohol dependence and alcohol-related problems.

Samuel Pombo, PhD, is AssistantProfessor (Lecturer) of the University Clinic of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon and Clinical Psychologist of the Psychiatry Department and Mental Health of Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon. Degree in Clinical Psychology and Master and Phd in addictive behaviors. Member of the Portuguese Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. He has developed research in the area of alcohol and drug addiction, clinical psychology, psychometrics, cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, anxiety and panic disorders, adolescence. He is author of several research articles, book chapters and oral presentations, and reviewer in several scientific journals.