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E-grāmata: American Linguistics in Transition: From Post-Bloomfieldian Structuralism to Generative Grammar

(Professor Emeritus, University of Washington)
  • Formāts: 400 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Jun-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192657459
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American Linguistics in Transition: From Post-Bloomfieldian Structuralism to Generative GrammarPalielināt
  • Formāts: 400 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Jun-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192657459
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This volume is devoted to a major chapter in the history of linguistics in the United States, the period from the 1930s to the 1980s, and focuses primarily on the transition from (post-Bloomfieldian) structural linguistics to early generative grammar. The first three chapters in the book
discuss the rise of structuralism in the 1930s; the interplay between American and European structuralism; and the publication of Joos's Readings in Linguistics in 1957. Later chapters explore the beginnings of generative grammar and the reaction to it from structural linguists; how generativists
made their ideas more widely known; the response to generativism in Europe; and the resistance to the new theory by leading structuralists, which continued into the 1980s. The final chapter demonstrates that contrary to what has often been claimed, generative grammarians were not in fact
organizationally dominant in the field in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s.

Recenzijas

In his book, F.J. Newmeyer re-evaluates Chomskyan linguistics, a domain in wich he once took an active part (as a visiting student at MIT in 1968-1969 and as elected secretary-treasurer of the LSA in 1989): here he returns to his chosen field and provides some innovative food for thought. * Histoire Épistémologie Langage *

Foreword xi
List of Abbreviations
xv
Timeline xvi
1 The structuralist ascendancy in American linguistics
1(42)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 American linguistics in the mid-twentieth century
2(4)
1.3 The Linguistic Society of America
6(11)
1.3.1 The founding of the Society
6(5)
1.3.2 Linguistics, philology, and their relationship to science
11(1)
1.3.3 The leadership and composition of the early LS A
12(5)
1.4 The changes in the field from the 1920s to the 1940s
17(4)
1.4.1 The LSA Executive Committee in 1936 and in 1946
18(2)
1.4.2 The changing contents of the first quarter-century of Language
20(1)
1.5 Some reasons for the dramatic changes in American linguistics from the 1920s to the 1950s
21(21)
1.5.1 The sense of a distinctive field making rapid progress
21(3)
1.5.2 The leading American linguists' commitment to the equality of all languages and their analysis
24(3)
1.5.3 The LSA's summer Linguistic Institutes
27(5)
1.5.4 American linguists' involvement in World War II
32(3)
1.5.5 The change of leadership in the LSA in 1940-1941
35(7)
1.6 Summary
42(1)
2 American structuralism and European structuralism
43(37)
2.1 Introduction
43(1)
2.2 The early American linguists' debt to Europe
44(9)
2.2.1 The European background of many American linguists
44(1)
2.2.2 American linguists and the early Prague School
45(1)
2.2.3 American linguists and the early Geneva School
46(7)
2.3 The American structuralists' turn away from Europe
53(7)
2.3.1 The American structuralists' view of science and its consequences
53(5)
2.3.2 The Second World War and the two-dollar bill conspiracy
58(2)
2.4 European views of American linguistics
60(5)
2.5 The American rediscovery of European linguistics
65(10)
2.5.1 Roman Jakobson, the Ecole Libre des Hautes Etudes, and the founding of Word
65(6)
2.5.2 Increasing American appreciation of European linguistics
71(4)
2.6 The European reaction to early generative grammar
75(2)
2.7 The Prague School influence on American functional linguistics
77(2)
2.8 Summary
79(1)
3 Martin Joos's Readings in Linguistics as the apogee of American structuralism
80(47)
3.1 Introduction
80(1)
3.2 Background to Joos's Readings in Linguistics
81(6)
3.2.1 Bernard Bloch's idea for a collection
81(2)
3.2.2 The American Council of Learned Societies
83(1)
3.2.3 Martin Joos
84(2)
3.2.4 Why Joos was chosen as editor of the Readings
86(1)
3.3 Joos takes on the editor's role
87(9)
3.3.1 Joos's letter of September 12,1955
87(4)
3.3.2 Reactions to Joos's letter
91(5)
3.4 The first edition of Joos's Readings in Linguistics
96(7)
3.4.1 The contents of the first edition
96(4)
3.4.2 Joos's editorial commentary in the first edition
100(3)
3.5 The later editions of the Readings
103(6)
3.5.1 The second and third editions (1958 and 1963)
104(1)
3.5.2 The fourth edition (1966)
105(2)
3.5.3 The first four editions: A summary comment
107(1)
3.5.4 The abridged edition (1995)
108(1)
3.6 A visual display of the progression of the book of readings
109(4)
3.7 The reviews of Joos's Readings in Linguistics
113(8)
3.7.1 The `non-reviews' in Language and Word
114(1)
3.7.2 The Voegelin review in IJAL
115(1)
3.7.3 The Hymes review in American Anthropologist
116(1)
3.7.4 The Uhlenbeck review in Lingua
117(1)
3.7.5 The MacQueen review in Quarterly Journal of Speech
118(1)
3.7.6 The Trager review in Studies in Linguistics
118(1)
3.7.7 The Pei review in Modern Language Journal
119(1)
3.7.8 The Lightner review in General Linguistics
119(1)
3.7.9 The reviews: A summary
120(1)
3.8 Further remarks on the Readings
121(5)
3.8.1 The Readings in the classroom
121(1)
3.8.2 On the `staying power' of Joos's Readings
122(4)
3.9 Conclusion
126(1)
4 Early transformational generative grammar: Some controversial issues
127(56)
4.1 Introduction
127(1)
4.2 Early transformational generative grammar: A whirlwind overview
127(14)
4.2.1 Syntactic Structures
128(6)
4.2.2 What came before Syntactic Structures
134(3)
4.2.3 Generative phonology
137(2)
4.2.4 From Syntactic Structures to Aspects of the Theory of Syntax
139(2)
4.3 On the question of a Chomskyan revolution
141(15)
4.3.1 On scientific revolutions
141(3)
4.3.2 The originality of transformational generative grammar
144(1)
4.3.3 The roots of transformational generative grammar in earlier work
145(11)
4.4 The mainstream reaction to early transformational generative grammar
156(5)
4.4.1 The reaction to Syntactic Structures and other early syntactic studies
157(3)
4.4.2 The reaction to early generative phonology
160(1)
4.4.3 The reaction to Aspects of the Theory of Syntax
160(1)
4.5 Chomsky in the spodight: Examining some of his claims about his early days
161(11)
4.5.1 I have never heard of the alleged offers to publish LSLT
161(3)
4.5.2 `My MMH was written, I regret to say, in ignorance of Bloomfield's study'
164(1)
4.5.3 `It's next to inconceivable, for example, that Harris looked at my Ph. D. dissertation or LSLT
165(4)
4.5.4 `In editing [ LSLT] for publication now, I have made no attempt to bring it up to date or to introduce revisions in the light of subsequent work'
169(3)
4.6 Linguistics, MIT, Chomsky, and the military
172(9)
4.6.1 Linguistics and the military
173(1)
4.6.2 MIT and the military
174(2)
4.6.3 Chomsky and the military
176(5)
4.7 Summary
181(2)
5 The diffusion of generativist ideas
183(33)
5.1 Introduction
183(2)
5.2 The beginnings of generative grammar at MIT
185(1)
5.3 Accusations of `private knowledge'
186(2)
5.4 The early generative grammarians were committed to publication
188(2)
5.5 On the so-called `underground literature'
190(10)
5.5.1 Polished manuscripts' deliberately circulated privately'
190(4)
5.5.2 The institutional and laboratory reports
194(2)
5.5.3 The third type of underground literature and McCawley's edited volume
196(1)
5.5.4 More informal publication outlets
197(1)
5.5.5 A little historical perspective
198(1)
5.5.6 Summary
199(1)
5.6 Further examples of MIT outreach
200(8)
5.6.1 Textbooks
200(1)
5.6.2 LSA and other meetings
201(1)
5.6.3 Linguistic Institutes
202(1)
5.6.4 Visitors to MIT
203(2)
5.6.5 Generative grammarians outside of MIT
205(3)
5.7 Some explanations for the spread of the `private knowledge' idea
208(7)
5.7.1 The consequences of a rapidly evolving discipline
209(1)
5.7.2 Aggressive and insular public behavior
209(2)
5.7.3 MIT student mentality
211(4)
5.8 Conclusion
215(1)
6 The European reception of early transformational generative grammar
216(45)
6.1 Introduction
216(1)
6.2 TGG in Europe: Some general remarks
216(2)
6.3 TGG in Europe: A country-by-country breakdown
218(42)
6.3.1 Western Europe
218(17)
6.3.2 Nordic Europe
235(7)
6.3.3 Eastern Europe
242(11)
6.3.4 Southern Europe
253(7)
6.4 Concluding remarks
260(1)
7 The contested LSA presidential election of 1970
261(21)
7.1 Introduction
261(1)
7.2 The antagonists: Martin Joos and Dwight Bolinger
262(4)
7.2.1 Martin Joos
262(1)
7.2.2 Dwight Bolinger
263(3)
7.3 The prelude to the 1970 election
266(8)
7.3.1 The LSA in early 1970
266(2)
7.3.2 The 1970 Nominating Committee
268(2)
7.3.3 Bolinger challenges Joos
270(4)
7.4 The internal debate over the contested election
274(5)
7.5 The election results and their aftermath
279(2)
7.6 Concluding remarks
281(1)
8 Charles Hockett's attempt to resign from the LSA in 1982
282(16)
8.1 Introduction
282(1)
8.2 Charles Hockett
283(5)
8.3 The LSA's Fund for the Future of Linguistics
288(1)
8.4 Hockett takes action
289(7)
8.5 Hockett's perception of the field and reality
296(1)
8.6 Concluding remarks
297(1)
9 The generativist non-dominance of the field in the 1970s and 1980s
298(60)
9.1 Introduction
298(5)
9.2 Generativist predominance (or not) in LSA elected offices
303(2)
9.2.1 The Presidents of the LSA
303(1)
9.2.2 The Secretary-Treasurers of the LSA
304(1)
9.2.3 The Editors of Language
305(1)
9.3 Generative predominance (or not) in the Pages of Language
305(3)
9.4 Generative predominance (or not) at LSA meetings
308(3)
9.5 Generative predominance (or not) at LSA summer Institutes
311(1)
9.6 Generative predominance (or not) in obtaining grants
312(5)
9.6.1 National Science Foundation grants
312(3)
9.6.2 American Council of Learned Society grants
315(1)
9.6.3 Guggenheim Foundation grants
315(1)
9.6.4 National Endowment for the Humanities grants
316(1)
9.6.5 Fulbright-Hayes (and other Fulbright-related) awards
316(1)
9.6.6 National Institute of Mental Health grants
316(1)
9.6.7 Ford Foundation grants
317(1)
9.7 Generative predominance (or not) in departmental composition
317(3)
9.7.1 PhD programs in linguistics in 1987
317(1)
9.7.2 Job postings in 1987
318(2)
9.8 Discussion
320(4)
Appendix A The members of the LSA Executive Committee in the 1970s and 1980s
324(2)
Appendix B The members of the LSA Nominating Committee in the 1970s and 1980s
326(2)
Appendix C Associate Editors of and example articles in Language in the 1970s and 1980s
328(5)
C1 The Associate Editors of Language in the 1970s and 1980s
328(1)
C2 The articles in Language in 1970, 1980, and 1989
329(4)
Appendix D The members of the LSA Program Committee in the 1970s and the 1980s
333(2)
Appendix E Grant recipients in American linguistics in the 1970s and 1980s
335(23)
E1 National Science Foundation, Division of Social Sciences, Grants in support of linguistics research awarded during fiscal years 1966 through 1972
335(11)
E2 ACLS grantees mentioned in an LSA Bulletin between 1970 and 1989
346(4)
E3 National Endowment for the Humanities Grants in Linguistics: 1970, 1980, and 1989
350(3)
E4 Fulbright-Hays (and other Fulbright) grants mentioned in an LSA Bulletin between 1970 and 1989[ with presentation, punctuation, etc. as printed in the Bulletin]
353(3)
E5 National Institute of Mental Health grants in 1973
356(2)
Afterword 358(1)
References 359(35)
Index of Names 394(15)
Index of Subjects 409
Frederick J. Newmeyer is Professor Emeritus at the University of Washington and Adjunct Professor at the University of British Columbia and Simon Fraser University. He specializes in syntactic theory and the history of linguistics, and is interested in particular in whether the work of functional linguists is compatible with, challenges, or refutes mainstream thinking in generative grammar. He has been President of the Linguistic Society of America and an editor of Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, and his many publications include the OUP volumes Possible and Probable Languages: A Generative Perspective on Linguistic Typology (2005) and Measuring Grammatical Complexity (co-edited with Laurel B. Preston; 2014; paperback 2017).
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