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Amino Acids and Proteins in Fossil Biominerals: An Introduction for Archaeologists and Palaeontologists [Hardback]

(University of Turin, Turin, Italy)
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"This book is largely concerned with biominerals. In particular, it introduces the proteins responsible for biomineral formation and discusses the information these proteins may yield when surviving in the archaeological and palaeontological records. Thehistorical perspective on the study of proteins in biominerals (from discoveries of fragments of molecules entombed in fossils to the huge advances in shotgun proteomics that are currently underway) offers an exemplary tale of a research landscape that is becoming increasingly and essentially inter- and trans-disciplinary. Understanding the patterns of survival and degradation of biomolecules in the biogeosphere is the focus of palaeogeobiochemistry. However, the information we can gather from the extentof preservation or degradation of these organics spans at least three fields of research: biomaterials (engineering), biochemistry and geochemistry (including geochronology and applications to archaeological, palaeontological, geological and palaeoclimatic questions), and evolutionary biology"--

AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS IN FOSSIL BIOMINERALS

An essential cross-disciplinary guide to the proteins that form biominerals and that are preserved in the fossil record??

Amino Acids and Proteins in Fossil Biominerals is an authoritative guide to the patterns of survival and degradation of ancient biomolecules in the fossil record. The author brings together new research in biomineralization and ancient proteins to describe mechanisms of protein diagenesis.

The book draws on the author's experiences as well as current information from three research fields: geochemistry, archaeology and Quaternary sciences. The author examines the history of the study of ancient proteins, from the dating of Quaternary biominerals to the present advances in shotgun proteomics, and discusses their applications across archaeology, geology and evolutionary biology.

This important guide:??

  • Explores the main components of biominerals
  • Describes the breakdown of proteins in fossils
  • Reviews the applications of ancient protein studies

Written for students and researchers of biomolecular archaeology and palaeontology, Amino Acids and Proteins in Fossil Biominerals provides a cross-disciplinary guide to the proteins responsible for the formation of biominerals and to the survival of biomolecules in the archaeological and palaeontological record.

This book forms one volume of the popular New Analytical Methods in Earth and Environmental Science Series.

Preface vii
Acknowledgements ix
1 Biominerals and the Fossil Record 1(22)
Why Study Old Biominerals?
1(3)
What are Biominerals?
4(1)
How and Why are Biominerals Formed?
5(3)
'Biomineralization Toolkit': From Proteins to Proteomes
8(4)
Fossil Biominerals, Fossil Proteomes
12(4)
References
16(7)
2 Mechanisms of Degradation and Survival 23(20)
Introduction
23(4)
Hydrolysis
27(4)
Racemization
31(4)
Decomposition and Other Diagenesis-induced Modifications
35(3)
References
38(5)
3 Proteins in Fossil Biominerals 43(28)
Bone and Other Collagen-based Hard Tissues
43(2)
Tooth
45(2)
Eggshell
47(4)
Mollusc Shell
51(6)
Other Substrates
57(6)
References
63(8)
4 Chiral Amino Acids: Geochronology and Other Applications 71(42)
Dating the Quaternary (Pleistocene and Holocene)
71(5)
Principles of AAR Dating
76(2)
Measuring D/L Values
78(4)
Factors Affecting D/L Values
82(5)
Aminostratigraphy
87(5)
Aminochronology
92(5)
Palaeothermometry
97(1)
Testing the Suitability of Biominerals for Geochemical Analyses
98(1)
Taxonomic Identification
99(1)
Appendix: Practical Tips on How to Plan and Conduct an AAR Study
100(4)
References
104(9)
5 Ancient Protein Sequences 113(14)
Ancient Protein Analysis by Mass Spectrometry
113(7)
Ancient Proteins: Past and Future
120(2)
References
122(5)
Index 127
Beatrice Demarchi, PhD, is a biomolecular archaeologist in the Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.