Foreword |
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xi | |
Preface |
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xiii | |
1 Introduction |
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1 | (22) |
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1.1 Introduction of Amorphous Materials |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Structural Differences between Amorphous Materials and Crystals |
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3 | (4) |
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1.2.1 Crystals and Quasicrystals |
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3 | (2) |
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1.2.2 Amorphous Materials |
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5 | (2) |
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1.3 History of Amorphous Materials |
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7 | (8) |
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1.3.1 Establishment of Crystallography |
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8 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Enlightenment of Amorphous Materials |
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9 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Modern Amorphous Materials 1-Disordered Elementary Substance |
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10 | (1) |
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1.3.4 Modern Amorphous Materials 2-Metallic Glass |
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11 | (3) |
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1.3.5 Modern Amorphous Materials 3-Nontraditional Amorphous Nanomaterials |
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14 | (1) |
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1.4 Growth Mechanisms of Amorphous Nanomaterials |
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15 | (4) |
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1.4.1 Classical Nucleation Theory |
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15 | (2) |
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1.4.2 Multistep Transformation Mechanism with Amorphous Participation |
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17 | (2) |
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1.4.3 Complex Growth Process in Solution |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (3) |
2 Local Structure and Electronic State of Amorphous Nanomaterials |
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23 | (38) |
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2.1 Spherical Aberration-Corrected Transmission Electron Microscopy |
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23 | (18) |
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23 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Spherical Aberration-Corrected Transmission Electron Microscopy |
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24 | (4) |
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2.1.3 Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy in TEM |
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28 | (6) |
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2.1.4 Applications in Amorphous Nanomaterial Characterization |
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34 | (7) |
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2.1.5 Summary and Outlook |
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41 | (1) |
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2.2 X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectrum |
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41 | (11) |
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41 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure |
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42 | (3) |
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2.2.3 X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure |
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45 | (2) |
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2.2.4 Application in Amorphous Nanomaterial Characterization |
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47 | (4) |
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2.2.5 Summary and Outlook |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (9) |
3 Defect Characterization of Amorphous Nanomaterials |
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61 | (28) |
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61 | (3) |
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3.2 Positron Annihilation Spectrum |
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64 | (7) |
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3.3 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance |
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71 | (8) |
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3.4 Photoluminescence Spectroscopy |
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79 | (3) |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (5) |
4 Synthesis of 0D Amorphous Nanomaterials |
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89 | (22) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (14) |
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4.2.1 Solution-Based Chemical Method |
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90 | (8) |
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4.2.2 Thermal Treatment Method |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (3) |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (5) |
5 Synthesis of 1D Amorphous Nanomaterials |
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111 | (26) |
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111 | (2) |
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5.2 Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Method |
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113 | (3) |
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5.3 Chemical Precipitation Method |
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116 | (4) |
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5.4 Electrochemical Deposition Method |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (2) |
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5.6 Other Synthetic Methods |
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124 | (7) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (5) |
6 Synthesis of 2D Amorphous Nanomaterials |
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137 | (26) |
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137 | (1) |
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6.2 Thermal Decomposition Method |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (4) |
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143 | (4) |
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6.4.1 Physical Vapor Deposition Method |
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143 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Electrodeposition Method |
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143 | (4) |
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6.5 Chemical Precipitation Method |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (3) |
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6.7 Phase Transformation Method |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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6.9 Element Doping Method |
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152 | (3) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (8) |
7 Synthesis of 3D Amorphous Nanomaterials |
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163 | (26) |
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163 | (1) |
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7.2 Template-Engaged Strategies |
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163 | (10) |
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7.2.1 Coordinating Etching Method |
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164 | (2) |
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7.2.2 Acid/Alkali Etching Method |
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166 | (3) |
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7.2.3 Redox Etching Method |
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169 | (2) |
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7.2.4 Self-Templated Method |
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171 | (2) |
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7.3 Electrochemical Method |
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173 | (1) |
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7.4 Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Method |
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174 | (2) |
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7.5 Common Solution Method |
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176 | (1) |
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7.6 Laser/Ultrasonic-Assisted Solution Method |
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177 | (2) |
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7.7 Other Synthetic Methods |
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179 | (3) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (6) |
8 Synthesis of Amorphous-Coated and Amorphous-Doped Nanomaterials |
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189 | (34) |
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189 | (1) |
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8.2 Amorphous Coated Nanomaterials by ALD |
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190 | (3) |
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8.2.1 Amorphous Metal Oxide Coating |
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190 | (2) |
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8.2.2 Amorphous Metal Fluoride Coating |
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192 | (1) |
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8.3 Amorphous-Coated Nanomaterials With Different Dimensions |
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193 | (15) |
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8.3.1 1D Amorphous-Coated Nanomaterials |
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193 | (5) |
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8.3.1.1 Homojunction Structure |
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193 | (4) |
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8.3.1.2 Hetrojuction Structure |
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197 | (1) |
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8.3.2 2D Amorphous-Coated Nanomaterials |
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198 | (4) |
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8.3.2.1 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials |
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198 | (2) |
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8.3.2.2 Ni-Based Nanomaterials |
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200 | (1) |
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8.3.2.3 Other Metal-based Nanomaterials |
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201 | (1) |
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8.3.3 3D Amorphous-Coated Nanomaterials |
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202 | (6) |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (1) |
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8.3.3.3 Metal Oxide Coating |
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205 | (2) |
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8.3.3.4 Metal Sulfide Coating |
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207 | (1) |
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8.4 Amorphous-Doped or Hybrid Nanomaterials |
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208 | (7) |
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8.4.1 2D Amorphous-Doped Nanomaterials |
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208 | (3) |
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8.4.2 3D Amorphous-Doped Nanomaterial |
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211 | (4) |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (8) |
9 Applications of Amorphous Nanomaterials in Electrocatalysis |
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223 | (46) |
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223 | (2) |
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9.2 Fundamentals of Electrocatalysis |
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225 | (1) |
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9.3 Amorphous Nanomaterials as Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting |
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226 | (30) |
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9.3.1 Amorphous Nanomaterials for HER |
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226 | (11) |
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9.3.1.1 Amorphous Single Metallic Nanomaterials for HER |
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226 | (6) |
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9.3.1.2 Amorphous Binary Metallic Nanomaterials for HER |
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232 | (2) |
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9.3.1.3 Amorphous Composite Nanomaterials for HER |
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234 | (3) |
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9.3.2 Amorphous Nanomaterials for OER |
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237 | (11) |
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9.3.2.1 Amorphous Single Metallic Nanomaterials for OER |
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238 | (3) |
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9.3.2.2 Amorphous Binary Metallic Nanomaterials for OER |
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241 | (3) |
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9.3.2.3 Amorphous Polynary Metal Nanomaterials for OER |
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244 | (2) |
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9.3.2.4 Amorphous Composites for OER |
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246 | (2) |
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9.3.3 Amorphous Nanomaterials for ORR |
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248 | (3) |
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9.3.3.1 Amorphous Noble Metal-based Nanomaterials for ORR |
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249 | (1) |
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9.3.3.2 Amorphous 3d Metal-based Nanomaterials for ORR |
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249 | (2) |
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9.3.4 Amorphous Nanomaterials for CRR |
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251 | (1) |
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9.3.5 Amorphous Nanomaterials for NRR |
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252 | (1) |
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9.3.6 Amorphous Nanomaterials as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts |
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253 | (16) |
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9.3.6.1 Amorphous Nanomaterials as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts of HER and OER |
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254 | (2) |
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9.3.6.2 Amorphous Nanomaterials as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts of ORR and OER |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (11) |
10 Applications of Amorphous Nanomaterials in Batteries |
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269 | (48) |
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269 | (1) |
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10.2 Negative Electrodes in Batteries |
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269 | (26) |
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10.2.1 Amorphous Phosphorus Compounds |
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269 | (4) |
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10.2.2 Amorphous Silicon Compounds |
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273 | (7) |
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10.2.3 Amorphous Transition Metal Oxides |
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280 | (9) |
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10.2.3.1 Amorphous Iron Oxides |
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280 | (1) |
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10.2.3.2 Amorphous Titanium Oxides |
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281 | (1) |
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10.2.3.3 Amorphous Vanadium-Based Oxides |
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282 | (6) |
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10.2.3.4 Amorphous Tin-Based Oxides |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (6) |
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10.3 Positive Electrodes in Batteries |
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295 | (9) |
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10.3.1 Amorphous Ferric Phosphate |
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295 | (5) |
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10.3.2 Amorphous Vanadium-Based Oxides |
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300 | (2) |
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10.3.3 Amorphous Metal Polysulfides |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (2) |
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306 | (11) |
11 Applications of Amorphous Nanomaterials in Supercapacitors |
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317 | (30) |
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317 | (1) |
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11.2 Applications in Electric Double-Layer Capacitors |
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318 | (6) |
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11.3 Applications in Pseudocapacitors |
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324 | (17) |
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11.3.1 Amorphous Metal Oxides |
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325 | (9) |
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11.3.2 Amorphous Metal Sulfides |
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334 | (3) |
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11.3.3 Other Amorphous Nanomaterials |
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337 | (4) |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (5) |
12 Applications of Amorphous Nanomaterials in Photocatalysis |
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347 | (28) |
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347 | (2) |
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12.2 Photocatalytic Degradation |
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349 | (6) |
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12.3 Photocatalytic Decomposition of Water |
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355 | (4) |
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12.4 Photo-Electrocatalysis |
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359 | (4) |
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12.5 Amorphous Nanomaterial as Cocatalyst in Photocatalysis |
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363 | (3) |
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12.6 Other Applications in Photocatalysis |
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366 | (4) |
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370 | (1) |
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370 | (5) |
13 Engineering Applications of Amorphous Nanomaterials |
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375 | (32) |
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375 | (1) |
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13.2 Mechanical Properties of Amorphous Nanomaterials |
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376 | (10) |
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13.2.1 Amorphous Alloys/Metals |
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376 | (6) |
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13.2.2 Amorphous Nonmetallic Materials |
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382 | (4) |
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13.3 Strategy for Enhancing the Mechanical Performance |
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386 | (15) |
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13.3.1 Introduction of Micro/Nanosecond Phase |
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387 | (6) |
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13.3.2 Introduction of Micro/Nano-Inhomogeneity |
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393 | (2) |
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13.3.3 Surface Modification |
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395 | (1) |
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13.3.4 Amorphous Based Composite Materials |
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396 | (5) |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (5) |
Index |
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407 | |