Preface |
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xix | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxi | |
Author |
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xxiii | |
Chapter 1 Analog Electronics Applications and Design |
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1 | (10) |
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1.1 Introduction to Analog Electronics |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.4 Application and Design of Analog Systems |
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3 | (6) |
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1.4.1 Customer Requirements |
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3 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Top-Level Specifications |
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4 | (1) |
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1.4.3 System Design Approach |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.4.4.2 Social and Environmental Implications |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.4.5 Distortion and Noise |
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6 | (2) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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1.4.6 Electronic Design Aids |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
Chapter 2 Electric Circuits |
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11 | (24) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (4) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Unit of Electric Voltage |
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13 | (1) |
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2.2.6 Unit of Resistance and Conductance |
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13 | (2) |
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2.3 Concept of Electric Charge and Current |
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15 | (1) |
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2.4 Movement of Electrons and Electric Current in a Circuit |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Electromotive Force |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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2.5 Passive Components: Resistance, Inductance, and Capacitance |
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17 | (12) |
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17 | (4) |
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2.5.1.1 Resistors Connected in Series and Parallel |
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19 | (1) |
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2.5.1.2 Resistors Connected in Series |
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19 | (1) |
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2.5.1.3 Resistor Connected in Parallel |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (5) |
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2.5.2.1 Capacitors in Parallel |
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24 | (1) |
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2.5.2.2 Capacitors in Series |
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24 | (2) |
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26 | (3) |
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2.5.3.1 Inductors in Series |
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27 | (1) |
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2.5.3.2 Inductors in Parallel |
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28 | (1) |
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2.5.3.3 Energy Storage W in an Inductor |
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29 | (1) |
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2.5.4 Application: Inductive Proximity Sensors |
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29 | (1) |
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2.6 Active Components of a Circuit: Sources |
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29 | (3) |
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2.6.1 Ideal Voltage Source |
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30 | (1) |
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2.6.2 Practical Voltage Source |
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30 | (1) |
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2.6.3 Voltage Sources Connected in Series |
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31 | (1) |
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2.6.4 Voltage Sources Connected in Parallel |
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31 | (1) |
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2.6.4.1 Ideal Current Source |
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31 | (1) |
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2.6.4.2 Practical Current Source |
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31 | (1) |
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2.7 Electric Circuits/Networks |
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32 | (2) |
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2.7.1 Selection of Components |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
Chapter 3 Circuit Analysis |
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35 | (42) |
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3.1 Concept of Steady State and Transient Solutions |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (24) |
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3.2.1 Kirchhoff's Current Law Applied to Electric Circuits: KCL |
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36 | (5) |
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3.2.2 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law Applied to Electric Circuits: KVL |
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41 | (19) |
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3.2.2.1 The Voltage and Current Divider |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (16) |
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3.3.1 Origin of Phasor Domain |
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62 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Application of Kirchhoff's Law to ac Circuits |
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64 | (13) |
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64 | (1) |
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3.3.2.2 Impedance of an Inductor |
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65 | (1) |
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3.3.2.3 Impedance of a Capacitance |
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66 | (1) |
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3.3.2.4 Impedance of a Resistance |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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3.3.2.6 PolarCartesian Forms |
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69 | (1) |
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3.3.2.7 Cartesian to Polar Form |
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69 | (1) |
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3.3.2.8 Polar to Cartesian |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (6) |
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76 | (1) |
Chapter 4 Diodes |
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77 | (18) |
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77 | (1) |
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4.2 Semiconductor Material |
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77 | (3) |
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4.2.1 Conductivity and Energy Bands in Semiconductors |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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4.4 Diode CurrentVoltage Characteristics IV |
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81 | (2) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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4.5 Different Types of Diodes |
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83 | (2) |
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4.5.1 Semiconductor Diodes |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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4.5.4 Light-Emitting Diodes |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (9) |
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85 | (1) |
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4.6.2 Half-Wave Rectifiers |
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86 | (1) |
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4.6.3 Full-Wave Rectifiers |
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87 | (1) |
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4.6.4 Single-Phase Bridge Rectifier Circuit |
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87 | (5) |
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4.6.5 Diode as Voltage Limiter |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
Chapter 5 Bipolar Junction Transistor |
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95 | (18) |
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95 | (1) |
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5.2 Bipolar Junction Transistor |
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95 | (3) |
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98 | (4) |
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5.3.1 Transistor Configurations |
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98 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Input Characteristics |
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98 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Output Characteristics |
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98 | (2) |
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5.3.4 Data for a Typical NPN Transistor |
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100 | (1) |
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5.3.5 Rating and Selection of Operating Point |
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101 | (1) |
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5.4 Gain Parameters of BJT: Relationship of α and β Parameters |
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102 | (4) |
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5.4.1 Common Base Connection |
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102 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Common Emitter Configuration |
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103 | (3) |
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106 | (1) |
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5.6 Efficient BJT as Amplification Device |
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106 | (5) |
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5.6.1 Emitter Injection Efficiency η |
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108 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Base Transport Factor χ |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (2) |
Chapter 6 Field Effect Transistors |
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113 | (16) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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6.3 Different Types of FET |
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114 | (1) |
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6.3.1 Insulated-Gate FETs |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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6.3.3 FET Circuit Symbols |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (5) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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6.4.6 Threshold Voltage, VT |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (3) |
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6.6 Static Characteristics of FET |
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123 | (1) |
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6.6.1 Input Characteristics |
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123 | (1) |
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6.6.2 Output Characteristics |
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123 | (1) |
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6.6.3 Transfer Characteristics |
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123 | (1) |
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6.7 CurrentVoltage Characteristics |
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123 | (3) |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (3) |
Chapter 7 Bipolar Junction Transistor Biasing |
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129 | (16) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (4) |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (11) |
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133 | (4) |
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137 | (4) |
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7.3.3 Collector-Feedback Bias |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
Chapter 8 Modeling Transistors |
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145 | (8) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (3) |
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8.2.1 h Parameters Common Emitter Configuration |
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146 | (2) |
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8.3 Admittance Y Parameters |
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148 | (1) |
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8.4 General Three-Parameter Model |
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149 | (1) |
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8.5 T-Equivalent Two-Parameter Model |
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149 | (2) |
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8.5.1 AC-Simple T-Parameters Transistor Model |
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149 | (1) |
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8.5.2 Emitter Resistance, re (Small Signal) |
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150 | (1) |
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8.6 Mutual Conductance Model |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
Chapter 9 Small-Signal Analysis of an Amplifier under Different Models |
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153 | (26) |
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153 | (1) |
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9.2 Analysis of Transistor Amplifiers Using h Parameters |
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153 | (5) |
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154 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Input Impedance, Zi |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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9.2.4 Output Impedance, Zo |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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9.3 Small-Signal Practical CE Amplifier under h-Parameter Model |
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158 | (7) |
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9.3.1 Fixed Bias Amplifier |
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158 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Auto Bias Amplifier |
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159 | (6) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (3) |
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9.4 Analysis of Transistor Amplifiers Using Y Parameters |
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165 | (3) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (2) |
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9.5 Analysis of Transistor Amplifiers Using the General Three-Parameter Model |
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168 | (4) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (2) |
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9.6 Analysis of Transistor Amplifiers Using the T-Model Two-Parameters |
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172 | (6) |
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172 | (1) |
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9.6.1.1 CE Amplifier Using T Parameters |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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9.6.3 Input Impedance, Zi |
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173 | (1) |
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9.6.4 Output Impedance, Zo |
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174 | (3) |
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9.6.4.1 Effect of a Load Resistance |
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175 | (1) |
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9.6.4.2 Effect of the Source Resistance |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
Chapter 10 Amplifiers Frequency Response |
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179 | (12) |
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179 | (1) |
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10.2 Half-Power Gain, Concept of 3 dB |
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179 | (3) |
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10.3 CE Amplifier at Low Frequency |
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182 | (3) |
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10.3.1 Voltage Gain at Low Frequency |
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182 | (1) |
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10.3.2 Low-Frequency Cutoff |
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183 | (1) |
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10.3.3 Phase Change at Low Frequency |
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184 | (1) |
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10.3.3.1 Effect of the Other Capacitance on the Low-Frequency Response |
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184 | (1) |
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10.4 CE Amplifier at High Frequency |
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185 | (2) |
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10.4.1 Voltage Gain at High Frequency |
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185 | (2) |
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10.4.2 High-Frequency Cutoff |
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187 | (1) |
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10.4.3 Phase Change at High Frequency |
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187 | (1) |
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10.5 Total Frequency Response |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (2) |
Chapter 11 Common Collector Amplifier/Emitter Follower |
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191 | (6) |
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191 | (3) |
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194 | (1) |
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11.3 Input Impedance, ZiCC |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
Chapter 12 Common Base Amplifier |
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197 | (4) |
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12.1 Common Base Amplifiers under h Parameters |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
Chapter 13 Common Emitter Amplifier in Cascade |
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201 | (12) |
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201 | (1) |
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13.2 Overall Gain of Amplifiers in Cascade |
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201 | (4) |
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13.2.1 Voltage Gain of the Last Stage n |
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202 | (1) |
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13.2.2 Voltage Gain for the (n 1) Stages |
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202 | (1) |
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13.2.3 "Voltage" Gain of the Source |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (7) |
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13.3.1 Low-Frequency Cutoff |
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205 | (3) |
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13.3.1.1 Frequency Cutoff of Last Stage |
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205 | (1) |
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13.3.1.2 Frequency Cutoff for 1 to (n 1) Stages |
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206 | (1) |
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13.3.1.3 Frequency Cutoff Input Circuit First Stage |
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206 | (2) |
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13.3.2 High-Frequency Cutoff |
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208 | (5) |
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13.3.2.1 Frequency Cutoff of Last Stage |
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208 | (1) |
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13.3.2.2 High-Frequency Cutoff for 1 to (n 1) Stages |
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209 | (1) |
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13.3.2.3 Frequency Cutoff Input Circuit First Stage |
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209 | (3) |
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212 | (1) |
Chapter 14 Field Effect Transistor Biasing |
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213 | (10) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (4) |
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213 | (1) |
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14.2.2 Enhancement MOSFET |
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214 | (3) |
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14.2.2.1 Drain-Feedback Bias |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (3) |
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217 | (2) |
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14.3.2 Voltage Divider Bias |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (3) |
Chapter 15 Field Effect Transistor as Amplifiers |
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223 | (14) |
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223 | (1) |
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15.2 Common Source Amplifier |
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223 | (6) |
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15.2.1 AC Voltage Gain at Medium Frequencies |
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223 | (4) |
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15.2.2 AC Voltage Gain at High Frequencies |
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227 | (1) |
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15.2.3 Input Impedance at High Frequency |
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228 | (1) |
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15.3 Common Drain (Source Follower) |
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229 | (6) |
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15.3.1 AC Voltage Gain at Medium Frequency |
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229 | (3) |
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15.3.2 AC Voltage Gain at High Frequency |
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232 | (1) |
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15.3.3 Input Impedance at High Frequency |
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233 | (1) |
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15.3.4 Output Impedance at High Frequency |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (2) |
Chapter 16 Transfer Function and Bode Diagrams |
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237 | (14) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (6) |
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16.2.1 Examples of Transfer Functions Passive Components |
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237 | (1) |
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16.2.2 First-Order Low-Pass Transfer Function |
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238 | (1) |
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16.2.3 First-Order High-Pass Transfer Function |
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239 | (4) |
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243 | (2) |
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16.3.1 Magnitude Bode Plot |
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243 | (1) |
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16.3.2 Transfer Function = TF = K (Constant) |
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244 | (1) |
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16.3.3 Transfer Function = TF = j2πf |
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245 | (1) |
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16.3.4 Transfer Function = TF = (1 + jf/fp) |
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245 | (1) |
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16.4 Idealized Bode Plots |
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245 | (2) |
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16.4.1 Magnitude Asymptotic |
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245 | (1) |
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16.4.2 Bode Plot Asymptotic Phase |
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246 | (1) |
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16.5 Construction of Bode Plots |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (3) |
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250 | (1) |
Chapter 17 Feedback in Amplifiers |
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251 | (20) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (18) |
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17.2.1 Series Voltage NFB |
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253 | (5) |
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17.2.1.1 Series Voltage NFB Voltage Gain |
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254 | (1) |
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17.2.1.2 Series Voltage NFB Effects on Input Impedance |
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254 | (1) |
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17.2.1.3 Series Voltage NFB Effects on Output Impedance |
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255 | (1) |
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17.2.1.4 Series Voltage NFB Effects on Frequency Response |
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255 | (2) |
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17.2.1.5 Series Voltage NFB Effects on Internal Distortion |
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257 | (1) |
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17.2.1.6 Series Voltage NFB Current Gain |
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257 | (1) |
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17.2.2 Series Current NFB |
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258 | (2) |
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17.2.2.1 Series Current NFB Voltage Gain |
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259 | (1) |
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17.2.2.2 Series Current NFB Current Gain |
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260 | (1) |
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17.2.2.3 Series Current NFB Effects on Input Impedance |
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260 | (1) |
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17.2.2.4 Series Current NFB Effects on Output Impedance |
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260 | (1) |
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17.2.3 Parallel Voltage NFB |
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260 | (3) |
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17.2.3.1 Parallel Voltage NFB Voltage Gain |
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261 | (1) |
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17.2.3.2 Parallel Voltage NFB Current Gain |
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261 | (1) |
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17.2.3.3 Parallel Voltage NFB Effects on Input Impedance |
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262 | (1) |
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17.2.3.4 Parallel Voltage NFB Effects on Output Impedance |
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262 | (1) |
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17.2.4 Parallel Current NFB |
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263 | (20) |
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17.2.4.1 Parallel Current NFB Current Gain |
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263 | (1) |
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17.2.4.2 Parallel Current NFB Effects on Input Impedance |
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264 | (1) |
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17.2.4.3 Parallel Current NFB Effects on Output Impedance |
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264 | (1) |
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17.2.4.4 Parallel Current NFB Voltage Gain |
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265 | (4) |
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269 | (2) |
Chapter 18 Differential Amplifiers |
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271 | (10) |
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271 | (1) |
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18.2 Single Input Voltage |
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271 | (3) |
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18.3 Differential-Mode Voltage Gain |
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274 | (1) |
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18.4 Common Mode Voltage Gain: Effect on Noise |
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274 | (2) |
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18.5 Common Mode Rejection Ratio |
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276 | (2) |
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278 | (3) |
Chapter 19 Operational Amplifiers |
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281 | (24) |
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281 | (2) |
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19.2 Op-Amps Characteristics |
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283 | (2) |
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19.2.1 Offset Null Circuit |
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284 | (1) |
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19.2.2 Compensation Circuit |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (7) |
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19.4.1 Inverting Amplifier Voltage Gain |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (2) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (2) |
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19.5 Noninverting Amplifier |
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292 | (4) |
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19.5.1 Noninverting Amplifier Voltage Gain |
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292 | (3) |
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295 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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19.6 The Differential Amplifier |
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296 | (5) |
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19.6.1 Differential Amplifier Voltage Gain |
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297 | (11) |
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19.6.1.1 Op-Amp as Comparator |
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299 | (1) |
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19.6.1.2 The Summing Amplifier |
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300 | (1) |
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19.7 Op-Amp Frequency Response |
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301 | (2) |
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303 | (2) |
Chapter 20 Filters |
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305 | (18) |
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305 | (3) |
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20.2 Low-Pass Filter Responses |
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308 | (3) |
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20.2.1 Single First-Order Low-Pass Filter |
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308 | (2) |
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20.2.2 Second-Order Low-Pass Filters |
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310 | (1) |
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20.2.3 Sallen and Key Low-Pass Filter |
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310 | (1) |
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20.3 High-Pass Filter Response |
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311 | (3) |
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20.3.1 First-Order High-Pass Filter |
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311 | (1) |
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20.3.2 Second-Order Filters |
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312 | (1) |
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20.3.3 Sallen and Key High-Pass Filter |
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313 | (1) |
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20.4 Band-Pass Filter Response |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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20.6 Fourth-Order Response |
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315 | (1) |
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20.7 Filter Response Characteristics |
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316 | (1) |
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20.8 Filter Design using Standard Tables |
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316 | (6) |
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318 | (1) |
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20.8.1.1 First Second-Order Filter |
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318 | (1) |
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20.8.1.2 Second Second-Order Filter |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (4) |
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20.8.3.1 First Second-Order Filter |
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320 | (1) |
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20.8.3.2 Second Second-Order Filter |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
Chapter 21 Applications of Analog Electronics |
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323 | (32) |
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323 | (1) |
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21.2 Simulation in Circuit Applications |
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323 | (1) |
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21.3 Selection of Components and Circuit Elements in an Application |
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324 | (3) |
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325 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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21.3.5 Nominal Preferred Values |
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326 | (1) |
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21.4 Building and Realization of a Circuit |
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327 | (2) |
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21.5 TestingTroubleshooting |
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329 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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21.6 Analog Electronic Applications Examples |
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330 | (24) |
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330 | (4) |
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330 | (1) |
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21.6.1.2 The Transformer Stage |
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330 | (1) |
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331 | (1) |
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21.6.1.4 Filter Smoothing Stage |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (2) |
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334 | (7) |
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334 | (1) |
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21.6.2.2 Design of a Class A Amplifier |
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334 | (7) |
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21.6.3 Sallen and Key Second-Order Butterworth Low-Pass Filter |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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21.6.4 Automatic Switch on of Lamp in the Dark Using a BJT |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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21.6.5 Automatic Switch on of a Lamp in the Dark Using Op-Amp |
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343 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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21.6.6 Automatic Switch-On of Lamp in the Presence of Light Using a BJT |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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21.6.7 Automatic Switch-On of Lamp in the Presence of Light Using an Op-Amp |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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21.6.11 Multivibrators and the 555 Timer |
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|
348 | (3) |
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21.6.11.1 A stable Multivibrator |
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|
348 | (3) |
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21.6.12 Humidity Detector Using 555 Timer |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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21.6.13 Two-Tone Musical Instrument Using 555 Timers |
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352 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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21.6.14 Automatic Switch-On of Lamp in the Presence of Light Using a 555 Timer |
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352 | (7) |
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352 | (2) |
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354 | (1) |
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|
354 | (1) |
Chapter 22 Future Trend of Analog Electronics |
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355 | (10) |
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355 | (1) |
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22.2 Reconfigurable Analog Circuitry |
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356 | (2) |
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22.3 Analog Devices at High Power |
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358 | (1) |
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22.4 Future Advances in Applications of Analog Electronics |
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359 | (1) |
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359 | (1) |
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22.4.2 New Analog Building Block Working Voltage Under 1 V |
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359 | (1) |
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22.4.3 Analog Electronics Sees a Revival in the Music Industry |
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359 | (1) |
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22.4.4 New Type of Analog Computing |
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|
360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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361 | (4) |
Chapter 23 Computer-Aided Simulation of Practical Assignment |
|
365 | (32) |
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365 | (1) |
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23.2 First Introduction to Using Pspice |
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366 | (4) |
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23.2.1 Circuit Creation/Schematics |
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|
367 | (1) |
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23.2.2 To Connect the Components |
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|
367 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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23.2.4 Running a Simulation |
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369 | (1) |
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370 | (1) |
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23.3 Practical Assignments Using Pspice |
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|
370 | (26) |
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23.3.1 Assignment 1. DC Networks: Bias Point Analysis |
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|
371 | (3) |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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372 | (2) |
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23.3.2 Assignment 2. AC Networks: AC Sweep |
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|
374 | (3) |
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374 | (1) |
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374 | (2) |
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376 | (1) |
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23.3.3 Assignment 3. BJT Operating Point, Q, Stability |
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|
377 | (3) |
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378 | (2) |
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23.3.4 Assignment 4. BJT Amplifier Analysis |
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|
380 | (6) |
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|
381 | (1) |
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|
382 | (4) |
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23.3.5 Assignment 5. FET Amplifier Analysis and Differential Amplifier |
|
|
386 | (5) |
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23.3.5.1 Experiment 23.10 |
|
|
386 | (1) |
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23.3.5.2 Experiment 23.11 |
|
|
387 | (4) |
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23.3.6 Assignment 6. Active FilterPower Amplifier |
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|
391 | (5) |
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23.3.6.1 Experiment 23.12 |
|
|
391 | (1) |
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23.3.6.2 Experiment 23.13 |
|
|
392 | (1) |
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23.3.6.3 Experiment 23.14 |
|
|
393 | (3) |
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23.3.6.4 Experiment 23.15 |
|
|
396 | (1) |
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|
396 | (1) |
|
|
396 | (1) |
Index |
|
397 | |