The scientific analysis of design thinking continues to burgeon and is of considerable interest to academic scholars and design practitioners across many disciplines. This research tradition has generated a growing corpus of studies concerning how designers think during the creation of innovative products, although less focus has been given to analysing how designers think when creating less tangible deliverables such as concepts and user-insights.
Analysing Design Thinking: Studies of Cross-Cultural Co-Creation brings together 28 contributions from internationally-leading academics with a shared interest in design thinking who take a close look at professional designers working on a project that not only involves soft deliverables, but where a central role is played by co-creation across multiple, culturally diverse stakeholders.
This collection of detailed, multi-method analyses gives a unique insight into how a Scandinavian design team tackled a specific design task within the automotive industry over a four-month design process. All papers draw upon a common, video-based dataset and report analyses that link together a diversity of academic disciplines including psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy, architecture, management, engineering and design studies. The dataset affords multiple entry points into the analysis of design thinking, with the selected papers demonstrating the application of a wide range of analytic techniques that generate distinct yet complementary insights. Collectively these papers provide a coherent framework for analysing and interpreting design thinking in vivo through video-based field studies.
Acknowledgments |
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Preface: The History of the Design Thinking Research Symposium |
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1 Introduction: Shared Data in Design Research |
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1 | (18) |
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2 Inside the DTRSII Dataset: Background, Content, and Methodological Choices |
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19 | (22) |
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Sille Julie J. Abildgaard |
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Part I Team Dynamics and Conflicts |
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3 Psychological Factors Surrounding Disagreement in Multicultural Design Team Meetings |
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41 | (18) |
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4 Resourcing of Experience in Co-Design |
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59 | (18) |
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5 The Importance of Leadership in Design Team Problem-Solving |
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77 | (20) |
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6 Communication and Design Decisions in Cross-Functional Teams |
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97 | (22) |
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7 A Computational Linguistic Approach to Modelling the Dynamics of Design Processes |
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119 | (18) |
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Part II Designing Across Cultures |
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8 Disciplina: A Missing Link for Cross Disciplinary Integration |
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137 | (16) |
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9 How Cultural Knowledge Shapes Design Thinking -- a Situation-Specific Analysis of Availability, Accessibility and Applicability of Cultural Knowledge in Inductive, Deductive and Abductive Reasoning in Two Design Debriefing Sessions |
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153 | (20) |
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10 Situated Cultural Differences: A Tool for Analyzing Cross-Cultural Co-Creation |
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173 | (18) |
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11 Designers' Articulation and Activitation of Instrumental Design Judgements in Cross-Cultural User Research |
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191 | (24) |
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Part III Cognitive and Metacognitive Aspects of Design Thinking |
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12 Metacognition in Creativity: Process Awareness Used to Facilitate the Creative Process |
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215 | (14) |
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13 Grouping Notes Through Nodes: The Functions of Post-it Notes in Design Team Cognition |
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229 | (20) |
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Sille Julie J. Abildgaard |
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14 Fluctuating Epistemic Uncertainty in a Design Team as a Metacognitive Driver for Creative Cognitive Processes |
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249 | (22) |
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15 Temporal Static Visualisation of Transcripts for Pre-Analysis of Video Material: Identifying Modes of Information Sharing |
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271 | (20) |
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16 Combining Computational and Human Analysis to Study Low Coherence in Design Conversation |
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291 | (20) |
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17 "Comfy" Cars for the "Awesomely Humble": Exploring Slang and Jargons in a Cross-Cultural Design Process |
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311 | (20) |
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18 Design {Thinking | Communicating}: A Sociogenetic Approach to Reflective Practice in Collaborative Design |
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331 | (18) |
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19 Unpacking a Design Thinking Process With Discourse and Social Network Analysis |
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349 | (24) |
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20 Design Roulette: A Close Examination of Collaborative Decision Making in Design From the Perspective of Framing |
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373 | (16) |
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21 Planning Spontaneity: A Case Study About Method Configuration |
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389 | (16) |
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22 Problem Structuring as Co-Inquiry |
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405 | (28) |
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23 Designing the Constraints: Creation Exercises for Framing the Design Context |
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433 | (16) |
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Part VI Co-Creating With Users |
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24 Cracking Open Co-Creation: Categorizations, Stories, Values |
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449 | (16) |
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25 From Observations to Insights: The Hilly Road to Value Creation |
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465 | (18) |
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26 Empathy in Design: A Discourse Analysis of Industrial Co-Creation Practices |
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483 | (18) |
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Part VII Design Iterations and Co-Evolution |
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27 Information-Triggered Co-Evolution: A Combined Process Perspective |
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501 | (20) |
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28 Team Idea Generation in the Wild: A View From Four Timescales |
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521 | (20) |
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29 Structures of Time in Design Thinking |
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541 | (14) |
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30 Tracing Problem Evolution: Factors That Impact Design Problem Definition |
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555 | (18) |
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List of Contributors |
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573 | (10) |
Index |
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583 | |
Bo Christensen is Professor with special responsibilities in Creative Cognition at Copenhagen Business School, Denmark. His research concerns the study of creativity in various domains including design, innovation, and cuisine, and involves studies of creative cognition, the evaluation of creativity, analogical reasoning, and idea selection in product development. Using video recordings of creative teams at work in their natural environment (both professional designers and non-skilled students) he studies the underlying cognitive processes and mechanisms of creative work. He was twice awarded the Design Studies Award by the Design Research Society for best paper published in Design Studies (co-authored) in 2013 and 2009. He is also an editorial board member of CoDesign, She Ji, and International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation.
Linden Ball is Professor of Cognitive Psychology at the University of Central Lancashire, UK, where he is also Dean of the School of Psychology. He conducts experimental research on fundamental deductive and inductive reasoning processes as well as naturalistic research examining thinking, problem solving and creativity in design. His research is characterized by the use of a mixed-methods approach that involves a combination of qualitative and quantitative techniques. His most recent published work focuses on the role of metacognition in thinking and reasoning, including the ways in which feelings of uncertainty engender strategic shifts in peoples information processing. He is the editor of the Routledge book series entitled Current Issues in Thinking & Reasoning and co-editor of the Routledge International Handbook of Thinking & Reasoning. He is also an Associate Editor for Journal of Cognitive Psychology and Thinking & Reasoning and a member of the editorial boards of CoDesign, Design Studies and She Ji.
Kim Halskov is Professor of Interaction Design at Aarhus University, Denmark, director of Centre for Advanced Visualization and Interaction (CAVI) and co-director of the Centre for Participatory IT at Aarhus University. Kim has a background in participatory design and his research areas include design processes, participatory design, creative processes, and interaction design. Kim is the project manager for the research project CIBIS (Creativity in Blended Interaction Spaces); a project that develops and explores Blended Interaction Spaces seeking to supporting the creative potential of young people at the high school level. The objectives are to demonstrate the potentials of integrating multiple digital devices and physical materials in a shared environment to support individual and collaborative creativity and to develop the theoretical foundation for the study of creativity constraints, design ideas, generative design materials, and creative methods in design processes.