1 Non-sinusoidal Orthogonal Functions in Systems and Control |
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1 | (24) |
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1.1 Orthogonal Functions and Their Properties |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 Different Types of Non-sinusoidal Orthogonal Functions |
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3 | (11) |
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3 | (2) |
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1.2.2 Rademacher Functions |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.2.4 Block Pulse Functions (BPF) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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1.2.6 Delayed Unit Step Functions (DUSF) |
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9 | (1) |
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1.2.7 General Hybrid Orthogonal Functions (GHOF) |
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10 | (1) |
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1.2.8 Variants of Block Pulse Functions |
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11 | (1) |
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1.2.9 Sample-and-Hold Functions (SHF) |
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11 | (1) |
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1.2.10 Triangular Functions (TF) |
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12 | (1) |
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1.2.11 Non-optimal Block Pulse Functions (NOBPF) |
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13 | (1) |
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1.3 Walsh Functions in Systems and Control |
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14 | (3) |
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1.4 Block Pulse Functions in Systems and Control |
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17 | (1) |
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1.5 Triangular Functions (TF) in Systems and Control |
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18 | (1) |
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1.6 A New Set of Orthogonal Hybrid Functions (HF): A Combination of Sample-and-Hold Functions (SHF) and Triangular Functions (TF) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (6) |
2 The Hybrid Function (HF) and Its Properties |
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25 | (24) |
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2.1 Brief Review of Block Pulse Functions (BPF) |
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25 | (1) |
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2.2 Brief Review of Sample-and-Hold Functions (SHF) |
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26 | (1) |
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2.3 Brief Review of Triangular Functions (TF) |
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27 | (1) |
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2.4 Hybrid Function (HF): A Combination of SHF and TF |
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28 | (2) |
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2.5 Elementary Properties of Hybrid Functions |
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30 | (3) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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2.6 Elementary Operational Rules |
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33 | (14) |
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2.6.1 Addition of Two Functions |
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33 | (4) |
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2.6.2 Subtraction of Two Functions |
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37 | (2) |
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2.6.3 Multiplication of Two Functions |
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39 | (5) |
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2.6.4 Division of Two Functions |
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44 | (3) |
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2.7 Qualitative Comparison of BPF, SHF, TF and HF |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
3 Function Approximation via Hybrid Functions |
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49 | (38) |
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3.1 Function Approximation via Block Pulse Functions (BPF) |
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49 | (2) |
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50 | (1) |
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3.2 Function Approximation via Hybrid Functions (HF) |
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51 | (1) |
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3.3 Algorithm of Function Approximation via HF |
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52 | (2) |
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52 | (2) |
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3.4 Comparison Between BPF and HF Domain Approximations |
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54 | (2) |
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3.5 Approximation of Discontinuous Functions |
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56 | (11) |
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3.5.1 Modified HF Domain Approach for Approximating Functions with Jump Discontinuities |
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58 | (4) |
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62 | (5) |
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3.6 Function Approximation: HF Versus Other Methods |
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67 | (7) |
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3.7 Mean Integral Square Error (MISE) for HF Domain Approximations |
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74 | (5) |
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3.7.1 Error Estimate for Sample-and-Hold Function Domain Approximation |
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75 | (1) |
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3.7.2 Error Estimate for Triangular Function Domain Approximation |
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76 | (3) |
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3.8 Comparison of Mean Integral Square Error (MISE) for Function Approximation via HFc and Hm Approaches |
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79 | (5) |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (1) |
4 Integration and Differentiation Using HF Domain Operational Matrices |
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87 | (28) |
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4.1 Operational Matrices for Integration |
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87 | (9) |
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4.1.1 Integration of Sample-and-Hold Functions |
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88 | (4) |
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4.1.2 Integration of Triangular Functions |
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92 | (4) |
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4.2 Integration of Functions Using Operational Matrices |
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96 | (4) |
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97 | (3) |
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4.3 Operational Matrices for Differentiation |
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100 | (6) |
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4.3.1 Differentiation of Time Functions Using Operational Matrices |
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100 | (3) |
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103 | (3) |
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4.4 Accumulation of Error for Subsequent Integration-Differentiation (I-D) Operation in HF Domain |
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106 | (4) |
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110 | (3) |
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113 | (2) |
5 One-Shot Operational Matrices for Integration |
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115 | (26) |
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5.1 Integration Using First Order HF Domain Integration Matrices |
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116 | (1) |
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5.2 Repeated Integration Using First Order HF Domain Integration Matrices |
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117 | (1) |
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5.3 One-Shot Integration Operational Matrices for Repeated Integration |
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118 | (9) |
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5.3.1 One-Shot Operational Matrices for Sample-and-Hold Functions |
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119 | (3) |
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5.3.2 One-Shot Operational Matrices for Triangular Functions |
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122 | (4) |
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5.3.3 One-Shot Integration Operational Matrices in HF Domain: A Combination of SHF Domain and TF Domain One-Shot Operational Matrices |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (9) |
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5.5.1 Repeated Integration Using First Order Integration Matrices |
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130 | (2) |
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5.5.2 Higher Order Integration Using One-Shot Operational Matrices |
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132 | (4) |
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5.5.3 Comparison of Two Integration Methods Involving First, Second and Third Order Integrations |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (2) |
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140 | (1) |
6 Linear Differential Equations |
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141 | (26) |
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6.1 Solution of Linear Differential Equations Using HF Domain Differentiation Operational Matrices |
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142 | (3) |
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143 | (2) |
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6.2 Solution of Linear Differential Equations Using HF Domain Integration Operational Matrices |
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145 | (7) |
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148 | (4) |
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6.3 Solution of Second Order Linear Differential Equations |
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152 | (7) |
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6.3.1 Using HF Domain First Order Integration Operational Matrices |
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152 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Using HF Domain One-Shot Integration Operational Matrices |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (4) |
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6.4 Solution of Third Order Linear Differential Equations |
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159 | (6) |
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6.4.1 Using HF Domain First Order Integration Operational Matrices |
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160 | (2) |
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6.4.2 Using HF Domain One-Shot Integration Operational Matrices |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
7 Convolution of Time Functions |
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167 | (18) |
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7.1 The Convolution Integral |
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168 | (1) |
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7.2 Convolution of Basic Components of Hybrid Functions |
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169 | (7) |
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7.2.1 Convolution of Two Elementary Sample-and-Hold Functions |
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170 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Convolution of Two Sample-and-Hold Function Trains |
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171 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Convolution of an Elementary Sample-and-Hold Function and an Elementary Triangular Function |
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172 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Convolution of a Triangular Function Train and a Sample-and-Hold Function Train |
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173 | (1) |
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7.2.5 Convolution of Two Elementary Triangular Functions |
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174 | (1) |
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7.2.6 Convolution of Two Triangular Function Trains |
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174 | (2) |
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7.3 Convolution of Two Time Functions in HF Domain |
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176 | (5) |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
8 Time Invariant System Analysis: State Space Approach |
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185 | (36) |
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8.1 Analysis of Non-homogeneous State Equations |
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186 | (11) |
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8.1.1 Solution from Sample-and-Hold Function Vectors |
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188 | (7) |
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8.1.2 Solution from Triangular Function Vectors |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (1) |
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8.2 Determination of Output of a Non-homogeneous System |
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197 | (5) |
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201 | (1) |
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8.3 Analysis of Homogeneous State Equation |
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202 | (6) |
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202 | (6) |
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8.4 Determination of Output of a Homogeneous System |
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208 | (4) |
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212 | (1) |
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8.5 Analysis of a Non-homogeneous System with Jump Discontinuity at Input |
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212 | (7) |
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215 | (4) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
9 Time Varying System Analysis: State Space Approach |
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221 | (20) |
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9.1 Analysis of Non-homogeneous Time Varying State Equation |
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222 | (10) |
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230 | (2) |
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9.2 Determination of Output of a Non-homogeneous Time Varying System |
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232 | (1) |
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9.3 Analysis of Homogeneous Time Varying State Equation |
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233 | (5) |
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234 | (4) |
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9.4 Determination of Output of a Homogeneous Time Varying System |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (2) |
10 Multi-delay System Analysis: State Space Approach |
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241 | (30) |
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10.1 HF Domain Approximation of Function with Time Delay |
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241 | (5) |
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10.1.1 Numerical Examples |
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245 | (1) |
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10.2 Integration of Functions with Time Delay |
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246 | (2) |
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10.2.1 Numerical Examples |
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247 | (1) |
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10.3 Analysis of Non-homogeneous State Equations with Delay |
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248 | (18) |
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10.3.1 Numerical Examples |
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260 | (6) |
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10.4 Analysis of Homogeneous State Equations with Delay |
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266 | (3) |
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10.4.1 Numerical Examples |
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267 | (2) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
11 Time Invariant System Analysis: Method of Convolution |
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271 | (18) |
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11.1 Analysis of an Open Loop System |
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271 | (5) |
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11.1.1 Numerical Examples |
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272 | (4) |
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11.2 Analysis of a Closed Loop System |
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276 | (10) |
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11.2.1 Numerical Examples |
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283 | (3) |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (2) |
12 System Identification Using State Space Approach: Time Invariant Systems |
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289 | (18) |
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12.1 Identification of a Non-homogeneous System |
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289 | (5) |
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12.1.1 Numerical Examples |
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291 | (3) |
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12.2 Identification of Output Matrix of a Non-homogeneous System |
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294 | (3) |
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12.2.1 Numerical Examples |
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295 | (2) |
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12.3 Identification of a Homogeneous System |
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297 | (1) |
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12.4 Identification of Output Matrix of a Homogeneous System |
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297 | (1) |
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12.5 Identification of a Non-homogeneous System with Jump Discontinuity at Input |
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297 | (7) |
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12.5.1 Numerical Examples |
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299 | (5) |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (2) |
13 System Identification Using State Space Approach: Time Varying Systems |
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307 | (12) |
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13.1 Identification of a Non-homogeneous System |
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307 | (4) |
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13.1.1 Numerical Examples |
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309 | (2) |
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13.2 Identification of a Homogeneous System |
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311 | (5) |
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13.2.1 Numerical Examples |
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311 | (5) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (2) |
14 Time Invariant System Identification: Via 'Deconvolution' |
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319 | (12) |
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14.1 Control System Identification Via 'Deconvolution' |
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319 | (10) |
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14.1.1 Open Loop Control System Identification |
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320 | (3) |
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14.1.2 Closed Loop Control System Identification |
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323 | (6) |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
15 System Identification: Parameter Estimation of Transfer Function |
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331 | (26) |
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15.1 Transfer Function Identifications |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (2) |
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15.3 Parameter Estimation of the Transfer Function of a Linear System |
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334 | (16) |
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15.3.1 Using Block Pulse Functions |
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336 | (4) |
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15.3.2 Using Non-optimal Block Pulse Functions (NOBPF) |
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340 | (2) |
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15.3.3 Using Triangular Functions (TF) |
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342 | (3) |
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15.3.4 Using Hybrid Functions (HF) |
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345 | (4) |
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15.3.5 Solution in SHF Domain from the HF Domain Solution |
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349 | (1) |
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15.4 Comparative Study of the Parameters of the Transfer Function Identified via Different Approaches |
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350 | (2) |
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15.5 Comparison of Errors for BPF, NOBPF, TF, HF and SHF Domain Approaches |
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352 | (2) |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (2) |
Appendix A: Introduction to Linear Algebra |
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357 | (10) |
Appendix B: Selected MATLAB Programs |
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367 | (58) |
Index |
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425 | |