Preface |
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v | |
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Chapter 1. Introduction to RNA-protein interactions |
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1 | (12) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2. RNA secondary structures |
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1 | (4) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2.2. Bulges and internal loops |
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2 | (2) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2.4. Single-stranded regions |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3. RNA tertiary structures |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3.1. Triple-base pairs (single-strand/helix interactions) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3.2. Pseudoknots (single-strand/single-strand interaction) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3.3. Hairpin/internal loop interactions |
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6 | (1) |
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1.4. Protein motifs involved in RNA binding |
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6 | (5) |
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1.4.1. Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) motif |
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6 | (2) |
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1.4.2. The K homology domain (KH) |
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8 | (1) |
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1.4.3. The arginine-rich motif (ARM) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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1.4.6. Double-strand RNA binding domains (dsRBD) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
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Chapter 2. Preparation of RNA |
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13 | (44) |
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13 | (6) |
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2.1.1. Special precautions when working with RNA |
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13 | (1) |
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2.1.2. Basic protocols for RNA work |
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14 | (1) |
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2.1.2.1. RNA quantification |
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14 | (1) |
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2.1.2.2. Gel purification |
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15 | (1) |
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2.1.2.3. Extraction with organic solvents |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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2.1.2.6. RNA renaturation |
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17 | (1) |
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2.1.2.7. Desalting and removal of nucleotides |
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18 | (1) |
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2.1.2.8. Diethylpyrocarbonate |
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18 | (1) |
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2.1.2.9. Standard reagents |
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18 | (1) |
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2.2. Isolation of RNA from cells |
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19 | (13) |
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2.2.1. Guanidinium thiocyanate-CsCl method |
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20 | (3) |
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2.2.2. Single step guanidinium thiocyanate acid-phenol method |
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23 | (2) |
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2.2.3. Hot phenol SDS method |
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25 | (2) |
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2.2.4. Vanadyl ribonucleoside complex method for preparation of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA |
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27 | (2) |
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2.2.5. Purification of poly-A^(+) RNA |
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29 | (3) |
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2.3. In vitro synthesis of RNA |
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32 | (21) |
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2.3.1. In vitro transcription of RNA |
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33 | (2) |
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2.3.1.1. Quantification of in vitro transcribed RNA (in the presence of trace amount of Alpha-[ (32)P] UTP) |
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35 | (1) |
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2.3.2. Co-transcriptional labelling or modification of RNA |
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35 | |
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2.3.2.1. Generation of specific terminus by RNase H |
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41 | |
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2.3.2.2. Cotranscriptional incorporation of nucleotides containing modified ribose moieties |
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40 | (3) |
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2.3.3. End-labelling of RNA |
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43 | (1) |
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2.3.3.1. Dephosphorylation of RNA |
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43 | (2) |
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2.3.3.2. 5'-end labeling of RNA |
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45 | (1) |
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2.3.3.3. 3'-end labeling of RNA |
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46 | (1) |
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2.3.3.3.1. RNA ligase method |
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46 | (1) |
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2.3.3.3.2. Poly (A) polymerase method |
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46 | (1) |
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2.3.3.4. Preparation of [ Alpha (32)P] p^Cp from Cp and [ Gamma-(32)P] ATP |
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47 | (1) |
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2.3.4. Specific modification of RNA at an internal site |
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48 | (5) |
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53 | (4) |
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Chapter 3. Preparation of protein |
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57 | (26) |
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3.1. Isolation of protein from cells |
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57 | (8) |
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3.1.1. Preparation of HeLa cell extract |
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57 | (5) |
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3.1.2. Purification of SR proteins from nuclear extract |
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62 | (3) |
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3.2. Expression and purification of recombinant proteins in E. coli |
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65 | (11) |
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3.2.1. Expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli |
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66 | (3) |
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3.2.2. Purification of GST-tagged proteins under native conditions |
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69 | (3) |
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3.2.3. Purification of His-tagged proteins under denaturing conditions |
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72 | (2) |
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3.2.4. Labeling of protein using heart muscle kinase |
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74 | (2) |
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3.3. In vitro translation |
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76 | (3) |
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79 | (4) |
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Chapter 4. Preparation and analysis of RNA-protein complexes in vitro |
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83 | (98) |
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4.1. Formation of RNA-protein complexes |
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83 | (1) |
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4.2. Analysis of RNA-protein complexes |
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84 | (12) |
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4.2.1. Filter binding assay |
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85 | (3) |
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4.2.2. Mobility shift analysis |
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88 | (4) |
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4.2.3. Sucrose gradient analysis |
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92 | (4) |
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4.3. Isolation and identification |
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96 | (14) |
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4.3.1. Affinity purification using tagged RNA or protein |
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96 | (3) |
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4.3.1.1. Binding of biotinylated protein or RNA to streptavidin beads |
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99 | (2) |
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4.3.1.2. Binding of protein to glutathione beads |
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101 | (1) |
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4.3.1.3. Affinity purification of RNA-protein complexes |
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102 | (3) |
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105 | (5) |
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110 | (37) |
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114 | (3) |
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117 | (2) |
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4.4.2.1. DMS (dimethylsulphate) modification for probing adenosines and cytidines |
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119 | (3) |
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4.4.2.2. DMS (dimethylsulphate) modification for probing guanosines |
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122 | (1) |
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4.4.2.3. DEP (diethylpyrocarbonate) modification for probing adenosines |
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123 | (2) |
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4.4.2.4. Kethoxal (3-ethoxy-2-oxo-butanal) modification for probing guanosines |
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125 | (1) |
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4.4.2.5. CMCT (1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)-carbodiimide for probing uridines and guanosines |
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126 | (1) |
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4.4.2.6. Hydroxyl radical modification for probing ribose moieties |
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127 | (2) |
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4.4.2.7. Iodine scission of phosphorothioate containing RNA for probing phosphates |
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129 | (1) |
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4.4.3. Identification of modified residues |
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130 | (1) |
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4.4.3.1. Reverse transcriptase assay |
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130 | (3) |
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4.4.3.1.1. Extension from an end-labelled primer |
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133 | (1) |
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4.4.3.1.2. Extension in the presence of radioactive dATP |
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134 | (2) |
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4.4.3.1.3. Sequencing by the reverse transcriptase method |
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136 | (1) |
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4.4.3.2. End-labelling method |
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137 | (2) |
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4.4.3.2.1. Enzymatic sequencing of end-labelled RNA |
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139 | (3) |
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4.4.3.2.2. Chemical sequencing of end-labelled RNA |
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142 | (5) |
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4.5. Protein footprinting |
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147 | (14) |
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4.5.1. Protein footprinting using proteinases |
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150 | (7) |
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4.5.2. Protein footprinting using Fe^(2+)/H(2)O(2) |
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157 | (2) |
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4.5.3. Preparation of Tris/Tricine-SDS-polyacrylamide gels |
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159 | (2) |
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4.6. Modification interference |
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161 | (8) |
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4.6.1. Base modifications |
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163 | (1) |
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4.6.2. Phosphate modification by ethylnitrosourea (ENU) |
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164 | (4) |
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4.6.3. Analogue interference |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (7) |
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176 | (5) |
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Chapter 5. Functional analysis of RNA-protein complexes in vitro |
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181 | |
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181 | (23) |
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5.1.1. In vitro mRNA splicing |
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182 | (3) |
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5.1.2. Analysis of RNA splicing products by denaturing gel electrophoresis |
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185 | (4) |
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5.1.3. Analysis of RNA splicing complexes by native gel electrophoresis |
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189 | (2) |
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5.1.4. Debranching of RNA lariats |
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191 | (2) |
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5.1.5. Analysis of RNA splicing complexes by sucrose gradients |
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193 | (4) |
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5.1.6. Affinity purification and characterization of splicosome complexes |
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197 | (7) |
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204 | (6) |
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5.2.1. In vitro polyadenylation |
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204 | (3) |
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5.2.2. Analysis of mRNA polyadenylation states |
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207 | (3) |
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210 | (10) |
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5.3.1. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) |
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213 | (5) |
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5.3.2. Primer extension by Klenow polymerase (after RT-PCR) |
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218 | (1) |
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5.3.3. Primer extension by reverse transcriptase |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (11) |
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5.4.1. Preparation of ribosomes |
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220 | (1) |
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5.4.1.1. Bacterial ribosomes |
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221 | (2) |
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5.4.1.2. Mammalian ribosomes |
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223 | (2) |
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5.4.2. Preparation and analysis of polysomes |
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225 | (6) |
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231 | |