| INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL ANALYSIS | |
| Chemical Analysis | |
| Qualitative vs. Quantitative, Wet vs. Instrumental | |
| General Laboratory Considerations | |
| The Laboratory Notebook | |
| Gravimetric Analysis | |
| Analytical Calculations | |
| The Need for Stoichiometry | |
| Gravimetric Factors | |
| SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PREPARATIONS | |
| The Total Analysis | |
| Step One: Obtaining the Sample | |
| Step Two: Handling the Sample | |
| Step Three: Preparing the Sample for Analysis | |
| Quality Assurance of Reagents | |
| STATISTICS IN CHEMICAL ANALYSIS | |
| Terminology | |
| Distribution of Random Errors | |
| Rejection of Data - The Q Test | |
| Student's t Test | |
| Statistics in Quality Control | |
| CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM | |
| Review of Basic Concepts | |
| The Solubility of Precipitates | |
| The Solubility Product Constant | |
| Solubility and Ksp | |
| Addition of Ions from an External Source | |
| Chemical Equilibrium and Weak Acids | |
| Weak Bases | |
| Buffer Solutions | |
| INTRODUCTION TO TITRIMETRIC ANALYSIS | |
| Titration Defined | |
| Preparation of Molar Solutions | |
| Preparation from Pure Solid Chemicals | |
| Preparation by Dilution | |
| Volumetric Glassware | |
| Solution Standardization and Terminology When to be Accurate and When Not - Revisited Experiments | |
| ACID-BASE TITRATIONS AND CALCULATIONS | |
| Standardization Calculations | |
| Equivalents, Equivalent Means, and Normality | |
| Examples of Acid-Base Primary Standards and Calculations | |
| Percent Constituent Calculations | |
| Back Titrations | |
| The Kjeldahl Titration | |
| Millimoles and Milliequivalents | |
| Introduction to Titration Curves | |
| The Role of Indicators | |
| COMPLEXOMETRIC TITRATIONS AND CALCULATIONS | |
| Complex Ion Terminology | |
| The EDTA Ligand | |
| The Determination of Water Hardness | |
| Parts per Million | |
| Standardization and Calculations | |
| OXIDATION-REDUCTION AND OTHER TITRATIONS | |
| Oxidation Number | |
| Oxidation-Reduction Terminology | |
| The Ion Electron Method for Balancing Equations | |
| Equivalent Weights in Redox Reactions | |
| Potassium Permanganate | |
| Iodometry - An Indirect Method | |
| Summary of Redox Applications | |
| Non-Redox Precipitation Titrations | |
| ANALYSIS WITH INSTRUMENTS AND COMPUTERS | |
| Instrumental Data and Readout | |
| Methods for Quantitative Analysis | |
| Blanks and Controls | |
| Effects of Sample Pretreatment on Calculations | |
| Use of Computers | |
| Modern Data Handling | |
| FUNDAMENTALS OF LIGHT AND LIGHT ABSORPTION | |
| Nature and Parameters of Light | |
| Converting and Calculating Light Parameters | |
| Light Absorption and Emission | |
| Atomic vs. Molecular | |
| Names of Techniques and Instruments | |
| UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY | |
| Instrument Design | |
| Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis | |
| The Question of Matched Cuvettes | |
| The Absorption Spectrum and lMAX | |
| Fluorometry | |
| INFRARED SPECTROMETRY | |
| Liquid Sampling | |
| Solid Samplilng | |
| Instrument Design | |
| Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis | |
| NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY | |
| Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | |
| Mass Spectrometry | |
| ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY | |
| Atomization and Excitation | |
| Flame Emission | |
| Flame Atomic Absorption | |
| Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption | |
| Vapor Generation Methods | |
| Inductively Coupled Plasma | |
| Other Atomic Emission Techniques | |
| Summary of Atomic Techniques | |
| ANALYTICAL SEPARATIONS | |
| Recrystallization | |
| Distillation | |
| Liquid-Liquid Extraction | |
| Liquid-Solid Extraction | |
| Chromatography | |
| Electrophoresis | |
| GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY | |
| Instrument Design | |
| Sample Injection | |
| Columns | |
| Other Variable Parameters | |
| The Chromatogram | |
| Detectors | |
| Qualitative Analysis | |
| Quantitative Analysis | |
| Troubleshooting | |
| HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY | |
| Solvent Delivery | |
| Sample Injection | |
| Column Selection | |
| The Chromatogram | |
| Detectors | |
| Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis | |
| Troubleshooting | |
| ELECTROANALYTICAL METHODS | |
| Transfer of Electrons via Electrodes | |
| Transfer Tendencies - Standard Reduction Potentials | |
| Determination of Overall Redox Reaction Tendency: E0cell | |
| The Nernst Equation | |
| Potentiometry | |
| Polarography and Voltammetry | |
| APPLICATIONS SUMMARY | |
| Wet Methods | |
| Instrumental Methods | |
| Reference Sources | |
| Introduction to Automation | |
| APPENDICES | |
| Significant Figures | |
| Table of Some Ksp Values | |
| Table of Ka and Kb Values | |
| Compositions of Some Concentrated Commercial Acids and Bases | |
| Summary of Calculations for Titrimetric Analysis | |
| Recipes for Selected Acid-Base Indicator Solutions | |
| Basic Electrical Terminology | |
| Common Metric Prefixes | |
| Answers to Selected Questions and Problems | |
| Reference Sources | |
| **Each chapter includes an Introduction, as well as end-of-chapter Experiments and a Questions and Problems Section** |
