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Anatomy & Physiology (includes A&P Online course) 11th edition [Multiple-component retail product]

4.50/5 (7 ratings by Goodreads)

Peggie L. Williamson, Kevin T. Patton (Professor Emeritus, Life Sciences, St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Professor of Human Anatomy and Physiology Instruction (HAPI adjunct) Northeast College of Health Sciences Seneca Falls, NY, USA), Frank B. Bell (Adjunct Assistant Profes), Terry Thompson

Formāts: Multiple-component retail product, 1280 pages, height x width: 281x222 mm, weight: 3810 g, 1100 illustrations (1100 in full color); Illustrations, Contains 8 hardbacks and 1 Shrink-wrapped pack and 4 paperbacks and 20 digital items (delivered electronically)
Izdošanas datums: 16-Feb-2022
Izdevniecība: Elsevier - Health Sciences Division
ISBN-10: 0323775713
ISBN-13: 9780323775717

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Anatomy - (Noliktavā: 23 punkts)
Physiology - (Noliktavā: 16 punkts)

Multiple-component retail product
Cena: 217,26 €
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Formāts: Multiple-component retail product, 1280 pages, height x width: 281x222 mm, weight: 3810 g, 1100 illustrations (1100 in full color); Illustrations, Contains 8 hardbacks and 1 Shrink-wrapped pack and 4 paperbacks and 20 digital items (delivered electronically)
Izdošanas datums: 16-Feb-2022
Izdevniecība: Elsevier - Health Sciences Division
ISBN-10: 0323775713
ISBN-13: 9780323775717

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Anatomy - (Noliktavā: 23 punkts)
Physiology - (Noliktavā: 16 punkts)

Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780323775717.html

Keywords:

A&P may be complicated, but learning it doesn't have to be! Anatomy & Physiology, 11th Edition uses a clear, easy-to-read approach to tell the story of the human body's structure and function. Color-coded illustrations, case studies, and Clear View of the Human Body transparencies help you see the "Big Picture" of A&P. To jump-start learning, each unit begins by reviewing what you have already learned and previewing what you are about to learn. Short chapters simplify concepts with bite-size chunks of information. Written by noted educator Kevin Patton, this award-winning text includes A&P Online with 3-D animations and interactive exercises to make learning even easier.

Conversational, storytelling writing style

making it easier to understand concepts.
1,400 full-color photographs and drawings bring difficult A&P concepts to life and illustrate the most current scientific knowledge.
UNIQUE! Clear View of the Human Body transparencies allow you to peel back the layers of the body, with a 22-page, full-color insert showing the male and female human body along several planes.
The Big Picture and Cycle of Life sections in each chapter help you comprehend the interrelation of body systems and how the structure and function of these change in relation to age and development.
Interesting sidebars include boxed features such as Language of Science and Language of Medicine, Mechanisms of Disease, Health Matters, Diagnostic Study, FYI, Sport and Fitness, and Career Choices.
Learning features include outlines, key terms, and study hints at the start of each chapter.
Chapter summaries, review questions, and critical thinking questions help you consolidate learning after reading each chapter.
Quick Check questions in each chapter reinforce learning by prompting you to review what you have just read.
UNIQUE! Comprehensive glossary includes more terms than in similar textbooks, each with an easy pronunciation guide and simplified translation of word parts - essential features for learning to use scientific and medical terminology!

NEW! Updated content

reflects more accurately the diverse spectrum of humanity.
NEW! Updated chapters include Homeostasis, Central Nervous System, Lymphatic System, Endocrine Regulation, Endocrine Glands, and Blood Vessels.
NEW! Additional and updated Connect It! articles on the Evolve website, called out in the text, help to illustrate, clarify, and apply concepts.
NEW! Seven guided 3-D learning modules are included for Anatomy & Physiology.

Anatomy & Physiology: Textbook

Unit 1 The Body as a Whole

(177)

Chapter 1 Organization of the Body

(21)

Science and Society

(1)

Scientific Method

(1)

Cultural Context

(1)

Anatomy and Physiology

(1)

Anatomy

(1)

Physiology

(1)

Language of Science and Medicine

(1)

Characteristics of Life

(1)

Levels of Organization

(3)

Chemical Level

(1)

Organelle Level

(1)

Cellular Level

(1)

Tissue Level

(1)

Organ Level

(1)

System Level

(1)

Organism Level

(1)

Anatomical Position

(1)

Anatomical Directions

(2)

Directional Terms

(1)

Terms Related to Organs

(1)

Anatomical Compass Rosette

(1)

Body Planes and Sections

(1)

Sagittal Planes

(1)

Coronal Planes

(1)

Transverse Planes

(1)

Other Planes and Sections

(1)

Cavities

(3)

Dorsal Cavities

(1)

Ventral Cavities

(2)

Body Regions

(2)

Interaction of Structure and Function

Cycle of Life

(3)

The Big Picture: Organization of the Body

(2)

Case Study

(3)

Chapter 2 Homeostasis

(15)

Homeostasis

(2)

The Internal Environment

(1)

Relative Stability

(1)

Variables

(1)

Set Point

(1)

Models of Homeostasis

(1)

Homeostatic Mechanisms

(4)

Feedback Loops

(1)

The Response Pathway

(1)

Negative Feedback in Control Systems

(1)

Positive Feedback in Control Systems

(1)

Changing the Set Point

(1)

Feed-Forward in Control Systems

(1)

Levels of Control

(1)

Summary of Homeostasis

(1)

Cycle of Life

(1)

The Big Picture: Homeostasis

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

(4)

Case Study

(2)

Chapter 3 Chemistry of Life

(17)

Units of Matter

(2)

Elements and Compounds

(1)

Atoms

(1)

Atomic Structure

(2)

Cloud Model

(1)

Atomic Number and Mass Number

(1)

Energy Levels

(1)

Isotopes

(1)

Attractions Between Atoms

(1)

Chemical Bonds

(1)

Ionic Bonds

(1)

Covalent Bonds

(1)

Attractions Between Molecules

(1)

Hydrogen Bonds

(1)

Other Weak Attractions

(1)

Chemical Reactions

(1)

Synthesis Reactions

(1)

Decomposition Reactions

(1)

Exchange Reactions

(1)

Reversible Reactions

(1)

Metabolism

(1)

Body Chemistry

(1)

Catabolism

(1)

Anabolism

(1)

Organic and Inorganic Compounds

(1)

Inorganic Molecules

(4)

Water

(1)

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

(1)

Electrolytes

(3)

The Big Picture: Chemistry of Life

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

(1)

Case Study

(3)

Chapter 4 Biomolecules

(20)

Organic Molecules

(1)

Carbohydrates

(2)

Monosaccharides

(1)

Disaccharides and Polysaccharides

(1)

Lipids

(3)

Triglycerides or Fats

(1)

Phospholipids

(1)

Steroids

(1)

Prostaglandins

(1)

Proteins

(5)

Amino Acids

(1)

Levels of Protein Structure

(1)

Importance of Protein Shape

(1)

Nucleic Acids and Related Molecules

(3)

DNA and RNA

(2)

Nucleotides and Related Molecules

(1)

Combined Forms

(1)

The Big Picture: Biomolecules

(2)

Mechanisms of Disease

(1)

Case Study

(3)

Chapter 5 Cell Structure

(23)

Functional Anatomy of Cells

(3)

The Typical Cell

(1)

Cell Structures

(2)

Cell Membranes

(3)

Membrane Structure

(1)

Membrane Function

(2)

Cytoplasm and Organelles

(5)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

(1)

Ribosomes

(1)

Golgi Apparatus

(2)

Lysosomes

(1)

Proteasomes

(1)

Peroxisomes

(1)

Mitochondria

(1)

Nucleus

(1)

Cytoskeleton

(4)

Cell Fibers

(1)

Centrosome

(1)

Molecular Motors

(1)

Cell Extensions

(2)

Cell Connections

(1)

Desmosomes

(1)

Gap Junctions

(1)

Tight Junctions

(1)

The Big Picture: Cell Anatomy and the Whole Body

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

(1)

Case Study

(4)

Chapter 6 Cell Function

(22)

Membrane Transport

(10)

Overview of Membrane Transport

(1)

Passive Transport Processes

(6)

Active Transport Processes

105

(4)

Cell Metabolism

109

(7)

Metabolism

109

(1)

Role of Enzymes

109

(3)

Catabolism

112

(2)

Anabolism

114

(2)

The Big Picture: Cell Physiology and the Whole Body

116

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

116

(1)

Case Study

117

(3)

Chapter 7 Cell Growth and Development

120

(17)

Protein Synthesis

121

(5)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

121

(1)

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

122

(1)

Transcription

123

(1)

Editing the Transcript

123

(1)

Translation

123

(2)

Post-Translation Processing

125

(1)

Cell Growth

126

(3)

Production of Cytoplasm

127

(1)

DNA Replication

128

(1)

Cell Reproduction

129

(2)

Mitosis

129

(1)

Meiosis

130

(1)

Regulating the Cell Life Cycle

131

(2)

Cycle of Life

133

(1)

The Big Picture: Cell Growth, Reproduction, and the Whole Body

133

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

133

(2)

Case Study

135

(2)

Chapter 8 Introduction to Tissues

137

(18)

Introduction to Tissues

138

(1)

Principal Types of Tissue

138

(1)

Development of Tissues

138

(1)

Extracellular Matrix

139

(4)

Fluid Environment of the Body

139

(1)

Components of the Extracellular Matrix

140

(2)

Holding Tissues Together

142

(1)

Tissue Repair

143

(1)

Body Membranes

144

(5)

Epithelial Membranes

145

(2)

Connective Tissue Membranes

147

(2)

The Big Picture: Tissues, Membranes, and the Whole Body

149

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

149

(3)

Case Study

152

(3)

Chapter 9 Tissue Types

155

(23)

Epithelial Tissue

156

(6)

Types and Locations of Epithelial Tissue

156

(1)

Functions of Epithelial Tissue

156

(1)

Generalizations About Epithelial Tissue

156

(1)

Classification of Epithelial Tissue

156

(6)

Connective Tissue

162

(8)

Functions of Connective Tissue

162

(1)

Characteristics of Connective Tissue

162

(1)

Classification of Connective Tissue

163

(1)

Fibrous Connective Tissue

163

(4)

Bone Tissue

167

(2)

Cartilage Tissue

169

(1)

Blood Tissue

169

(1)

Muscle Tissue

170

(2)

Nervous Tissue

172

(1)

The Big Picture: Tissue Types and the Whole Body

172

(2)

Case Study

174

(1)

Career Choices

174

(4)

Unit 2 Support and Movement

178

(214)

Chapter 10 Skin

180

(29)

Structure of the Skin

181

(6)

Overview of Skin Structure

181

(1)

Thin and Thick Skin

181

(1)

Epidermis

182

(3)

Dermoepidermal Junction

185

(1)

Dermis

185

(2)

Hypodermis

187

(1)

Skin Color

188

(3)

Melanin

188

(2)

Other Pigments

190

(1)

Functions of the Skin

191

(4)

Diversity of Skin Functions;

191

(1)

Protection

191

(1)

Sensation

192

(1)

Flexibility

192

(1)

Excretion

193

(1)

Hormone (Vitamin D) Production

193

(1)

Immunity

193

(1)

Homeostasis of Body Temperature

193

(2)

Appendages of the Skin

195

(3)

Hair

195

(2)

Nails

197

(1)

Skin Glands

198

(1)

Cycle of Life

198

(1)

The Big Picture: Skin and the Whole Body

199

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

200

(5)

Case Study

205

(4)

Chapter 11 Skeletal Tissues

209

(24)

Functions of Bone

210

(1)

Gross Structure of Bones

210

(3)

Types of Bones

210

(1)

Structure of Long Bones

211

(1)

Structure of Flat Bones

212

(1)

Microscopic Structure of Bones

213

(6)

Bone Tissue

213

(1)

Compact Bone

214

(1)

Cancellous Bone

214

(2)

Types of Bone Cells

216

(1)

Bone Marrow

217

(1)

Cartilage

218

(1)

Regulation of Blood Calcium Levels

219

(1)

Bone as a Calcium Depot

219

(1)

Mechanisms of Calcium Homeostasis

219

(1)

Development of Bone

220

(3)

Osteogenesis

220

(1)

Intramembranous Ossification

220

(1)

Endochondral Ossification

221

(2)

Bone Remodeling

223

(2)

Remodeling Process

223

(2)

Importance of Remodeling

225

(1)

Repair of Bone Fractures

225

(1)

Cycle of Life

226

(1)

The Big Picture: Skeletal Tissues

227

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

227

(2)

Case Study

229

(4)

Chapter 12 Axial Skeleton

233

(31)

Divisions of the Skeleton

234

(2)

Skull

236

(16)

Cranial Bones

248

(2)

Facial Bones

250

(1)

Eye Orbits

250

(1)

Fetal Skull

250

(2)

Hyoid Bone

252

(1)

Vertebral Column

253

(2)

Overview of the Spine

253

(1)

Vertebrae

253

(1)

Sacrum and Coccyx

253

(1)

Spinal Curvatures

253

(2)

Thorax

255

(5)

Sternum

255

(3)

Ribs

258

(2)

Mechanisms of Disease

260

(1)

Case Study

261

(3)

Chapter 13 Appendicular Skeleton

264

(19)

Upper Extremity

265

(5)

Shoulder Girdle

265

(1)

Arm

266

(1)

Forearm

266

(3)

Hand

269

(1)

Lower Extremity

270

(6)

Pelvic Girdle

270

(2)

Thigh

272

(2)

Leg

274

(1)

Foot

274

(2)

Skeletal Variations

276

(2)

Male-Female Skeletal Differences

276

(2)

Age Differences

278

(1)

Environmental Factors

278

(1)

Cycle of Life

278

(1)

The Big Picture: Skeletal System

278

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

279

(1)

Case Study

280

(3)

Chapter 14 Articulations

283

(30)

Classification of Joints

284

(5)

Fibrous Joints (Synarthroses)

284

(1)

Cartilaginous Joints (Amphiarthroses)

284

(2)

Synovial Joints (Diarthroses)

286

(3)

Representative Synovial Joints

289

(9)

Vertebral Joints

289

(1)

Humeroscapular Joint

290

(1)

Elbow Joint

291

(1)

Forearm, Wrist, Hand, and Finger Joints

292

(1)

Hip Joint

293

(1)

Knee Joint

293

(2)

Ankle Joint

295

(3)

Movement at Synovial Joints

298

(7)

Range of Motion

298

(1)

Angular Movements

299

(1)

Circular Movements

299

(1)

Gliding Movements

299

(1)

Special Movements

299

(6)

Examples of Joint Movements

305

(1)

Cycle of Life

305

(1)

The Big Picture: Articulations

305

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

306

(3)

Case Study

309

(4)

Chapter 15 Axial Muscles

313

(24)

Skeletal Muscle Structure

314

(7)

Connective Tissue Components

314

(2)

Size, Shape, and Fiber Arrangement

316

(1)

Attachment of Muscles

317

(1)

Muscle Actions

318

(1)

Lever Systems

318

(3)

How Muscles Are Named

321

(2)

Hints on How to Deduce Muscle Actions

323

(1)

Axial Muscles

323

(1)

Muscles of the Head and Neck

323

(4)

Muscles of Facial Expression

323

(2)

Muscles of Mastication

325

(1)

Muscles That Move the Head

325

(2)

Trunk Muscles

327

(6)

Muscles of the Thorax

327

(1)

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

327

(2)

Muscles of the Back

329

(2)

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor

331

(2)

The Big Picture: Axial Muscles and the Whole Body

333

(1)

Case Study

334

(3)

Chapter 16 Appendicular Muscles

337

(25)

Appendicular Muscles

338

(1)

Upper Extremity Muscles

338

(11)

Muscles Acting on the Shoulder Girdle

338

(3)

Muscles That Move the Arm

341

(1)

Muscles That Move the Forearm

341

(4)

Muscles That Move the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

345

(4)

Lower Extremity Muscles

349

(9)

Muscles That Move the Thigh and Leg

349

(7)

Muscles That Move the Ankle and Foot

356

(2)

Posture

358

(1)

How Posture Is Maintained

358

(1)

Cycle of Life

358

(1)

The Big Picture: Appendicular Muscles and the Whole Body

359

(1)

Case Study

360

(2)

Chapter 17 Muscle Contraction

362

(30)

General Functions

363

(1)

Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue

363

(11)

Functional Characteristics of Muscle

363

(1)

Overview of the Muscle Cell

363

(2)

Myofilaments

365

(2)

Mechanism of Contraction

367

(4)

Energy Sources for Muscle Contraction

371

(3)

Function of Skeletal Muscle Organs

374

(4)

Motor Unit

374

(1)

Myography

375

(1)

The Twitch Contraction

375

(1)

Treppe: The Staircase Phenomenon

376

(1)

Tetanus

376

(2)

Muscle Tone

378

(1)

Graded Strength Principle

378

(4)

Grades of Muscle Strength

378

(2)

Mobilizing and Stabilizing Contractions

380

(2)

Function of Cardiac and Smooth Muscle Tissue

382

(2)

Cardiac Muscle

382

(1)

Smooth Muscle

383

(1)

The Big Picture: Muscle Tissue and the Whole Body

384

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

385

(3)

Career Choices

388

(1)

Case Study

388

(4)

Unit 3 Communication, Control, and Integration

392

(222)

Chapter 18 Nervous System Cells

394

(20)

Organization of the Nervous System

395

(2)

Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

395

(1)

Afferent and Efferent Divisions

396

(1)

Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems

396

(1)

Glia

397

(4)

Overview of Glia

397

(1)

Central Glia

397

(2)

Peripheral Glia

399

(2)

Neurons

401

(3)

Structure and Function of Neurons

401

(2)

Classification of Neurons

403

(1)

Reflex Arc

404

(2)

Nerves and Tracts

406

(1)

Nerves

406

(1)

Tracts

406

(1)

White and Gray Matter

406

(1)

Repair of Nerve Fibers

406

(1)

Cycle of Life

407

(2)

The Big Picture: Nervous System Cells and the Whole Body

409

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

409

(2)

Case Study

411

(3)

Chapter 19 Nerve Signaling

414

(24)

Electrical Nature of Neurons

415

(2)

Membrane Potentials

415

(1)

Resting Membrane Potentials

415

(1)

Local Potentials

416

(1)

Action Potentials

417

(3)

Mechanism of the Action Potential

417

(2)

Refractory Period

419

(1)

Conduction of the Action Potential

419

(1)

Synaptic Transmission

420

(6)

Structure of the Synapse

420

(1)

Types of Synapses

421

(1)

Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission

422

(2)

Summation

424

(1)

Synapses and Memory

425

(1)

Neurotransmitters

426

(5)

Functional Classification of Neurotransmitters

426

(1)

Structural Classification of Neurotransmitters

427

(4)

Neural Networks

431

(2)

The Network Model

431

(1)

Development of Neural Networks

431

(1)

Complexity in Neural Networks

431

(2)

The Big Picture: Nerve Signaling and the Whole Body

433

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

433

(1)

Case Study

434

(4)

Chapter 20 Central Nervous System

438

(43)

Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord

439

(3)

Cerebrospinal Fluid

442

(2)

Fluid Spaces

442

(1)

Formation and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid

442

(2)

Spinal Cord

444

(3)

Structure of the Spinal Cord

444

(2)

Functions of the Spinal Cord

446

(1)

Brain

447

(19)

Regions of the Brain

447

(1)

Brain Development

447

(2)

Structure of the Brainstem

449

(1)

Functions of the Brainstem

450

(1)

Structure of the Cerebellum

451

(1)

Functions of the Cerebellum

452

(2)

Diencephalon

454

(2)

Structure of the Cerebrum

456

(3)

Functions of the Cerebral Cortex

459

(7)

Somatic Sensory Pathways

466

(1)

Somatic Motor Pathways

467

(1)

Final Common Path

467

(2)

Pyramidal Tracts

468

(1)

Extrapyramidal Tracts

469

(1)

Facilitatory and Inhibitory Tracts

469

(1)

Cycle of Life

469

(2)

The Big Picture: The Central Nervous System and the Whole Body

471

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

471

(4)

Case Study

475

(6)

Chapter 21 Peripheral Nervous System

481

(24)

Spinal Nerves

482

(9)

Structure of Spinal Nerves

482

(2)

Nerve Plexuses

484

(4)

Dermatomes and Myotomes

488

(3)

Cranial Nerves

491

(6)

Olfactory Nerve (CN I)

492

(1)

Optic Nerve (CN II)

493

(1)

Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)

493

(1)

Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)

493

(1)

Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

493

(1)

Abducens Nerve (CN VI)

494

(1)

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

494

(1)

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)

494

(1)

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

495

(1)

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

496

(1)

Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

496

(1)

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

497

(1)

Somatic Motor Nervous System

497

(3)

Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous Systems

497

(3)

The Big Picture: Peripheral Nervous System and the Whole Body

500

(1)

Case Study

501

(4)

Chapter 22 Autonomic Nervous System

505

(17)

Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System

506

(1)

Role of the Autonomic Nervous System

506

(1)

Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

507

(1)

Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System

507

(4)

Basic Plan of Autonomic Pathways

507

(1)

Structure of the Sympathetic Pathways

508

(1)

Structure of the Parasympathetic Pathways

508

(3)

Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Receptors

511

(3)

Norepinephrine and Its Receptors

511

(1)

Acetylcholine and Its Receptors

512

(1)

Nonadrenergic-Noncholinergic Transmission

513

(1)

Synaptic Complexity

513

(1)

Pharmacology

513

(1)

Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System

514

(4)

Overview of Autonomic Function

514

(2)

Functions of the Sympathetic Division

516

(1)

Functions of the Parasympathetic Division

516

(2)

The Big Picture: Autonomic Nervous System and the Whole Body

518

(1)

Case Study

519

(3)

Chapter 23 General Senses

522

(12)

Sensory Receptors

523

(1)

Receptor Response

523

(1)

Distribution of Receptors

523

(1)

Classification of Receptors

524

(1)

Classification by Sensory Pathway

524

(1)

Classification by Location

524

(1)

Classification by Stimulus Detected

524

(1)

Classification by Structure

525

(1)

Sense of Pain

525

(2)

Sense of Temperature

527

(1)

Sense of Touch

527

(2)

Skin Movement

527

(1)

Itch

528

(1)

Tickle

528

(1)

Light Touch

529

(1)

Deep Touch

529

(1)

Sense of Proprioception

529

(1)

The Big Picture: General Senses

530

(1)

Case Study

531

(3)

Chapter 24 Special Senses

534

(31)

Sense of Smell

535

(1)

Olfactory Receptors

535

(1)

Olfactory Pathway

536

(1)

Sense of Taste

536

(2)

Taste Buds

536

(2)

Neural Pathway for Taste

538

(1)

Senses of Hearing and Balance

538

(6)

Structure of the Ear

539

(1)

The Process of Hearing

540

(3)

Balance

543

(1)

Sense of Vision

544

(11)

Structure of the Eye

545

(5)

The Process of Seeing

550

(5)

Cycle of Life

555

(1)

The Big Picture: Special Senses

556

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

556

(4)

Case Study

560

(5)

Chapter 25 Endocrine Regulation

565

(18)

Organization of the Endocrine System

566

(1)

Classification of Hormones

567

(3)

Steroid Hormones

567

(1)

Nonsteroid Hormones

567

(3)

How Hormones Work

570

(6)

General Principles of Hormone Action

570

(1)

Mechanisms of Steroid Hormone Action

570

(1)

Mechanisms of Nonsteroid Hormone Action

571

(2)

Regulation of Hormone Secretion

573

(1)

Regulation of Target Cell Sensitivity

574

(2)

Eicosanoids

576

(3)

Tissue Hormones

576

(1)

Prostaglandins

577

(1)

Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes

577

(2)

The Big Picture: Endocrine Regulation and the Whole Body

579

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

579

(4)

Chapter 26 Endocrine Glands

583

(31)

Pituitary Gland

584

(7)

Structure of the Pituitary Gland

584

(1)

Adenohypophysis (Anterior Lobe of Pituitary)

584

(6)

Neurohypophysis (Posterior Lobe of Pituitary)

590

(1)

Pineal Gland

591

(1)

Thyroid Gland

592

(3)

Structure of the Thyroid Gland

592

(1)

Thyroid Hormone

592

(2)

Calcitonin

594

(1)

Parathyroid Glands

595

(1)

Structure of the Parathyroid Glands

595

(1)

Parathyroid Hormone

595

(1)

Adrenal Glands

596

(4)

Structure of the Adrenal Glands

596

(1)

Adrenal Cortex

596

(3)

Adrenal Medulla

599

(1)

Pancreatic Islets

600

(2)

Structure of the Pancreatic Islets

600

(1)

Pancreatic Hormones

601

(1)

Gonads

602

(1)

Testes

602

(1)

Ovaries

603

(1)

Placenta

603

(1)

Thymus

603

(1)

Gastric and Intestinal Mucosa

603

(1)

Heart

603

(2)

Adipose Tissue

605

(1)

Other Endocrine Glands and Hormones

605

(1)

Cycle of Life

605

(1)

The Big Picture: The Endocrine System and the Whole Body

606

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

606

(3)

Case Study

609

(1)

Career Choices

609

(5)

Unit 4 Transportation and Defense

614

(196)

Chapter 29 Blood

616

(28)

Blood Composition

617

(3)

Blood Tissue

617

(1)

Blood Plasma

617

(1)

Formed Elements

618

(1)

Hematopoiesis

618

(1)

Blood Volume

619

(1)

Hematocrit

620

(1)

Red Blood Cells

620

(8)

Structure of Red Blood Cells

620

(1)

Function of Red Blood Cells

621

(1)

Hemoglobin

621

(1)

Formation of Red Blood Cells

622

(1)

Life Cycle of Red Blood Cells

622

(2)

Blood Types

624

(4)

White Blood Cells

628

(2)

Granulocytes

629

(1)

Agranulocytes

629

(1)

White Blood Cell Numbers

629

(1)

Formation of White Blood Cells

630

(1)

Platelets

630

(1)

Structure and Function of Platelets

630

(1)

Formation and Life Span of Platelets

631

(1)

Hemostasis

631

(5)

Vasoconstriction

631

(1)

Platelet Plug Formation

631

(1)

Blood Clotting (Coagulation)

632

(1)

Conditions That Oppose Clotting

633

(1)

Conditions That Hasten Clotting

633

(1)

Clot Dissolution

634

(2)

The Big Picture: Blood and the Whole Body

636

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

636

(4)

Case Study

640

(4)

Chapter 28 Heart

644

(29)

Heart Structure

645

(12)

Location of the Heart

645

(1)

Size and Shape of the Heart

645

(4)

Coverings of the Heart

649

(1)

Structure of the Heart

650

(7)

The Heart as a Pump

657

(7)

Conduction System of the Heart

657

(1)

Electrocardiogram

658

(3)

Cardiac Cycle

661

(2)

Heart Sounds

663

(1)

Cycle of Life

664

(1)

The Big Picture: Heart

664

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

664

(5)

Case Study

669

(4)

Chapter 29 Blood Vessels

673

(34)

Blood Vessel Types

674

(4)

Arteries

674

(1)

Capillaries

674

(3)

Veins

677

(1)

Structure of Blood Vessels

677

(1)

Circulatory Routes

678

(2)

Systemic Circulation

678

(1)

Pulmonary Circulation

678

(1)

Circulatory Bypasses

679

(1)

Systemic Circulation

680

(17)

Systemic Arteries

680

(3)

Systemic Veins

683

(14)

Fetal Circulation

697

(2)

Organization of Fetal Circulation

697

(2)

Changes in Circulation at Birth

699

(1)

Cycle of Life

699

(1)

The Big Picture: Blood Vessels and the Whole Body

699

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

700

(4)

Case Study

704

(3)

Chapter 30 Circulation of Blood

707

(29)

Hemodynamics

708

(1)

Primary Principle of Circulation

709

(1)

Arterial Blood Pressure

710

(9)

Cardiac Output

710

(3)

Peripheral Resistance

713

(6)

Venous Return to the Heart

719

(4)

Stress-Relaxation Effect

719

(1)

Effect of Gravity

719

(1)

Venous Pumps

719

(1)

Total Blood Volume

720

(3)

Measuring Blood Pressure

723

(2)

Arterial Blood Pressure

723

(1)

Blood Pressure and Bleeding

724

(1)

Minute Volume of Blood

725

(1)

Velocity of Blood Flow

726

(1)

Pulse

727

(2)

Mechanism

727

(1)

Pulse Wave

727

(1)

Where the Pulse Can Be Felt

728

(1)

Venous Pulse

728

(1)

Cycle of Life

729

(1)

The Big Picture: Blood Flow and the Whole Body

730

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

730

(2)

Case Study

732

(4)

Chapter 31 Lymphatic System

736

(21)

Overview of the Lymphatic System

737

(1)

Lymph and Interstitial Fluid

738

(1)

Lymphatic Vessels

739

(1)

Distribution of Lymphatic Vessels

739

(1)

Structure of Lymphatic Vessels

739

(1)

Functions of Lymphatic Vessels

740

(1)

Circulation of Lymph

740

(2)

Origin of Lymph

740

(1)

The Lymphatic Pump

741

(1)

Lymph Nodes

742

(4)

Structure of Lymph Nodes

742

(1)

Locations of Lymph Nodes

743

(2)

Functions of Lymph Nodes

745

(1)

Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast

746

(1)

Distribution of Lymphatics in the Breast

746

(1)

Lymph Nodes Associated With the Breast

747

(1)

Tonsils

747

(1)

Thymus

748

(1)

Location and Appearance of the Thymus

748

(1)

Structure of the Thymus

748

(1)

Function of the Thymus

748

(1)

Spleen

749

(2)

Location of the Spleen

749

(1)

Structure of the Spleen

749

(1)

Functions of the Spleen

750

(1)

Cycle of Life

751

(1)

The Big Picture: Lymphatic System and the Whole Body

751

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

752

(2)

Case Study

754

(3)

Chapter 32 Innate Immunity

757

(13)

Organization of the Immune System

758

(1)

Defense of the Body

758

(1)

Innate Immunity

758

(1)

Species Resistance

759

(1)

Mechanical and Chemical Barriers

760

(1)

Inflammation and Fever

760

(2)

The Inflammatory Response

760

(1)

Fever

761

(1)

Phagocytosis

762

(2)

Natural Killer Cells

764

(1)

Interferon

765

(1)

Complement

765

(2)

Toll-Like Receptors

767

(1)

The Big Picture: Innate Immunity and the Whole Body

767

(3)

Chapter 33 Adaptive Immunity

770

(24)

Overview of Adaptive Immunity

771

(2)

B Cells and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

773

(6)

Development and Activation of B Cells

773

(1)

Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)

773

(5)

Clonal Selection Theory

778

(1)

T Cells and Cell-Mediated Immunity

779

(4)

Development of T Cells

779

(1)

Activation and Functions of T Cells

780

(3)

Types of Adaptive Immunity

783

(1)

Summary of Adaptive Immunity

784

(3)

The Big Picture: Immune System and the Whole Body

787

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

787

(4)

Case Study

791

(3)

Chapter 34 Stress

794

(16)

Selye's Concept of Stress

795

(4)

Development of Selye's Stress Concept

795

(1)

Definitions

795

(1)

Stressors

795

(2)

General Adaptation Syndrome

797

(1)

Mechanism of Stress

797

(2)

Some Current Concepts About Stress

799

(7)

Allostatic Load Model

799

(1)

Stress Syndrome

800

(1)

Role of the Brain in Stress

801

(2)

Stress and Disease

803

(1)

Indicators of Stress

804

(1)

Effects of Intrauterine Stress

805

(1)

Summary of the Allostatic Model

805

(1)

The Big Picture: Stress and the Whole Body

806

(1)

Case Study

807

(1)

Career Choices

808

(2)

Unit 5 Respiration, Nutrition, and Excretion

810

(242)

Chapter 35 Respiratory Tract

812

(24)

Structural Organization

813

(1)

Upper Respiratory Tract

814

(5)

Nose

814

(2)

Pharynx

816

(1)

Larynx

817

(2)

Lower Respiratory Tract

819

(9)

Trachea

819

(1)

Bronchi and Alveoli

819

(5)

Lungs

824

(3)

Thorax

827

(1)

Cycle of Life

828

(1)

The Big Picture: Respiratory Tract

829

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

829

(4)

Case Study

833

(3)

Chapter 36 Ventilation

836

(24)

Respiratory Physiology

837

(1)

Mechanism of Ventilation

837

(6)

Primary Principle of Ventilation

837

(1)

Inspiration

838

(3)

Expiration

841

(2)

Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities

843

(4)

Pulmonary Volumes

843

(3)

Pulmonary Capacities;

846

(1)

Pulmonary Airflow

847

(2)

Ventilation and Perfusion

849

(1)

Regulation of Ventilation

850

(4)

Homeostasis of Blood Gases and pH

850

(1)

Respiratory Control Centers

850

(1)

Feedback and Responses

850

(3)

Other Influences on Ventilation

853

(1)

The Big Picture: Ventilation and the Whole Body

854

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

854

(3)

Case Study

857

(3)

Chapter 37 Gas Exchange and Transport

860

(13)

Pulmonary Gas Exchange

861

(3)

Partial Pressure

861

(1)

Exchange of Gases in the Lungs

862

(2)

How Blood Transports Gases

864

(4)

Hemoglobin

864

(1)

Transport of Oxygen

864

(2)

Transport of Carbon Dioxide

866

(2)

Systemic Gas Exchange

868

(2)

The Big Picture: Gas Exchange and Transport and the Whole Body

870

(1)

Case Study

871

(2)

Chapter 38 Upper Digestive Tract

873

(22)

Organization of the Digestive System

874

(3)

The Digestive Tract

874

(1)

Wall of the Gastrointestinal Tract

875

(2)

Mouth

877

(5)

Structure of the Oral Cavity

877

(2)

Salivary Glands

879

(1)

Teeth

880

(2)

Pharynx

882

Esophagus

822

(63)

Overview of Esophagus

882

(1)

Esophageal Sphincters

883

(1)

Gastroesophageal Reflux

883

(2)

Stomach

885

(2)

Size and Position of the Stomach

885

(1)

Divisions of the Stomach

885

(1)

Curves of the Stomach

885

(1)

Sphincter Muscles

885

(1)

Stomach Wall

886

(1)

Functions of the Stomach

886

(1)

Cycle of Life

887

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

887

(5)

Case Study

892

(3)

Chapter 39 Lower Digestive Tract

895

(19)

Small Intestine

896

(2)

Size and Position of the Small Intestine

896

(1)

Divisions of the Small Intestine

896

(1)

Wall of the Small Intestine

897

(1)

Large Intestine

898

(2)

Size of the Large Intestine

898

(1)

Divisions of the Large Intestine

899

(1)

Wall of the Large Intestine

900

(1)

Vermiform Appendix

900

(1)

Peritoneum

901

(1)

Liver

901

(5)

Location and Size of the Liver

901

(1)

Liver Lobes and Lobules

902

(1)

Bile Ducts

902

(3)

Functions of the Liver

905

(1)

Gallbladder

906

(1)

Size and Location of the Gallbladder

906

(1)

Structure of the Gallbladder

906

(1)

Functions of the Gallbladder

906

(1)

Pancreas

906

(1)

Size and Location of the Pancreas

906

(1)

Structure of the Pancreas

906

(1)

Functions of the Pancreas

907

(1)

Cycle of Life

907

(1)

The Big Picture: The Digestive Tract

908

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

908

(3)

Case Study

911

(3)

Chapter 40 Digestion and Absorption

914

(28)

Overview of Digestive Function

915

(1)

Digestion

916

(10)

Mechanical Digestion

916

(4)

Chemical Digestion

920

(6)

Secretion

926

(5)

Saliva

926

(1)

Gastric Juice

927

(1)

Pancreatic Juice

928

(1)

Bile

929

(1)

Intestinal Juice

929

(2)

Control of Digestive Gland Secretion

931

(2)

Control of Salivary Secretion

931

(1)

Control of Gastric Secretion

931

(1)

Control of Pancreatic Secretion

931

(1)

Control of Bile Secretion

932

(1)

Control of Intestinal Secretion

932

(1)

Absorption

933

(3)

Process of Absorption

933

(1)

Mechanisms of Absorption

933

(3)

Elimination

936

(1)

The Big Picture: Digestion and the Whole Body

937

(1)

Case Study

938

(4)

Chapter 41 Nutrition and Metabolism

942

(38)

Nutrition and Metabolism

943

(2)

Overview

943

(1)

Nutrients

943

(1)

A Balanced Diet

943

(1)

Metabolic Pathways

944

(1)

Energy Transfer During Metabolism

944

(1)

Carbohydrates

945

(12)

Categories of Carbohydrates

945

(2)

Carbohydrate Metabolism

947

(8)

Control of Glucose Metabolism

955

(2)

Lipids

957

(3)

Types and Sources of Lipids

957

(1)

Transport of Lipids

957

(1)

Lipid Metabolism

958

(2)

Proteins

960

(2)

Sources of Proteins

960

(1)

Protein Metabolism

961

(1)

Vitamins and Minerals

962

(4)

Vitamins

962

(2)

Minerals

964

(2)

Metabolic Rates

966

(4)

Basal Metabolic Rate

966

(2)

Total Metabolic Rate

968

(1)

Energy Balance and Body Weight

969

(1)

Mechanisms for Regulating Food Intake

970

(1)

Role of Hypothalamus

970

(1)

Temperature of Blood

970

(1)

Blood Glucose

970

(1)

Hormones and Neurotransmitters

970

(1)

Body Temperature

971

(1)

Cycle of Life

971

(1)

The Big Picture: Nutrition, Metabolism, and the Whole Body

971

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

972

(4)

Case Study

976

(4)

Chapter 42 Urinary System

980

(34)

Anatomy of the Urinary System

981

(10)

Gross Structure

981

(4)

Microscopic Structure

985

(6)

Physiology of the Urinary System

991

(13)

Overview of Kidney Function

991

(1)

Filtration

991

(2)

Reabsorption

993

(5)

Secretion

998

(1)

Regulation of Urine Volume

998

(2)

Micturition

1000

(1)

Urine Composition

1001

(3)

Cycle of Life

1004

(1)

The Big Picture: Urinary System and the Whole Body

1004

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

1004

(5)

Case Study

1009

(5)

Chapter 43 Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

1014

(19)

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

1014

(1)

Total Body Water

1014

(1)

Body Fluid Compartments

1014

(1)

Electrolytes in Body Fluids

1015

(2)

Extracellular vs. Intracellular Fluids

1015

(2)

Measuring Electrolyte Reactivity

1017

(1)

Avenues of Water Entry and Exit

1017

(1)

General Principles of Fluid Balance

1017

(1)

Homeostasis of Total Fluid Volume

1018

(4)

Regulation of Fluid Intake

1018

(1)

Regulation of Urine Volume

1019

(1)

Factors That Alter Fluid Loss

1019

(3)

Regulation of Water and Electrolytes

1022

(2)

Starling's Law of the Capillaries

1022

(1)

Edema

1023

(1)

Regulation of Water and Electrolytes in Intracellular Fluid

1024

(1)

Regulation of Sodium and Potassium

1025

(1)

Cycle of Life

1026

(1)

The Big Picture: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

1027

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

1027

(3)

Case Study

1030

(3)

Chapter 44 Acid-Base Balance

1033

(19)

pH of Body Fluids

1034

(2)

Review of the pH Concept

1034

(1)

Factors That Affect pH of Body Fluids

1035

(1)

pH Control Mechanisms

1036

(1)

Overview of pH Control Mechanisms

1036

(1)

Integration of pH Control

1036

(1)

Chemical Mechanisms

1036

(4)

Buffers Defined

1036

(1)

Buffer Pairs

1036

(1)

Buffer Activity

1037

(3)

Role of Buffers in pH Control

1040

(1)

Respiratory Mechanisms

1040

(2)

Overview of Respiratory Mechanisms

1040

(1)

Respiratory Adjustment of Blood pH

1040

(1)

Principles Relating Respiration to pH

1040

(1)

Arterial Blood Gas Analysis

1040

(2)

Urinary Mechanisms

1042

(2)

Overview of Urinary Mechanisms

1042

(1)

Regulating pH of Urine and Blood

1042

(2)

The Big Picture: Acid-Base Balance

1044

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

1045

(3)

Case Study

1048

(1)

Career Choices

1049

(3)

Unit 6 Reproduction and Development

1052

(114)

Chapter 45 Male Reproductive System

1054

(19)

Sexual Reproduction

1055

(1)

Male Reproductive Organs

1055

(2)

Male Reproductive Tract

1055

(1)

Perineum

1056

(1)

Testes

1057

(5)

Structure and Location

1057

(1)

Microscopic Anatomy of the Testis

1057

(1)

Functions of the Testes

1058

(2)

Spermatozoa

1060

(2)

Reproductive Ducts

1062

(2)

Epididymis

1062

(1)

Vas Deferens

1062

(1)

Ejaculatory Duct

1062

(1)

Urethra

1062

(2)

Accessory Reproductive Glands

1064

(1)

Seminal Vesicles

1064

(1)

Prostate Gland

1064

(1)

Bulbourethral Glands

1065

(1)

Supporting Structures

1065

(1)

Scrotum

1065

(1)

Penis

1066

(1)

Spermatic Cords

1066

(1)

Composition and Course of Seminal Fluid

1066

(1)

Male Fertility

1066

(1)

Cycle of Life

1067

(1)

The Big Picture: Male Reproductive System

1067

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

1068

(2)

Case Study

1070

(3)

Chapter 46 Female Reproductive System

1073

(33)

Overview of the Female Reproductive System

1074

(2)

Function

1074

(1)

Structure

1074

(1)

Perineum

1075

(1)

Ovaries

1076

(1)

Location of the Ovaries

1076

(1)

Microscopic Structure of the Ovaries

1077

(1)

Functions of the Ovaries

1077

(1)

Ova

1077

(1)

Uterine Tubes

1077

(2)

Location of the Uterine Tubes

1077

(2)

Structure of the Uterine Tubes

1079

(1)

Function of the Uterine Tubes

1079

(1)

Uterus

1079

(2)

Structure of the Uterus

1079

(2)

Functions of the Uterus

1081

(1)

Vagina

1081

(3)

Location of the Vagina

1081

(1)

Structure of the Vagina

1082

(1)

Functions of the Vagina

1082

(1)

Vulva

1082

(1)

Structure of the Vulva

1082

(1)

Functions of the Vulva

1083

(1)

Female Reproductive Cycles

1084

(9)

Recurring Cycles

1084

(3)

Control of Female Reproductive Cycles

1087

(1)

Importance of Female Reproductive Cycles

1088

(1)

Infertility

1089

(2)

Menarche and Menopause

1091

(2)

Breasts

1093

(3)

Location and Size of the Breasts

1093

(1)

Structure of the Breasts

1093

(1)

Function of the Breasts

1094

(2)

Cycle of Life

1096

(1)

The Big Picture: Female Reproductive System and the Whole Body

1096

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

1096

(6)

Case Study

1102

(4)

Chapter 47 Growth, Development, and Aging

1106

(35)

Human Reproduction

1107

(6)

Production of Sex Cells

1107

(1)

Ovulation and Insemination

1107

(5)

Fertilization

1112

(1)

Prenatal Period

1113

(9)

Cleavage and Implantation

1113

(1)

Placenta

1114

(3)

Periods of Development

1117

(1)

Stem Cells

1118

(1)

Formation of the Primary Germ Layers

1118

(1)

Histogenesis and Organogenesis

1119

(3)

Birth

1122

(4)

Stages of Labor

1123

(1)

Multiple Births

1124

(2)

Postnatal Period

1126

(3)

Growth, Development, and Aging

1126

(1)

Infancy

1126

(2)

Childhood

1128

(1)

Adolescence and Adulthood

1128

(1)

Older Adulthood

1129

(1)

Aging

1129

(4)

Mechanisms of Aging

1129

(1)

Effects of Aging

1130

(3)

Causes of Death

1133

(1)

The Big Picture: Growth, Development, Aging, and the Whole Body

1134

(1)

Mechanisms of Disease

1134

(3)

Case Study

1137

(4)

Chapter 48 Genetics and Heredity

1141

The Science of Genetics

1142

(1)

Chromosomes and Genes

1142

(4)

Mechanism of Gene Function

1142

(1)

The Human Genome

1142

(3)

Distribution of Chromosomes to Offspring

1145

(1)

Gene Expression

1146

(4)

Hereditary Traits

1146

(2)

Sex-Linked Traits

1148

(1)

Genetic Mutations

1149

(1)

Medical Genetics

1150

(6)

Mechanisms of Genetic Diseases

1150

(1)

Nuclear Inheritance

1150

(2)

Single-Gene Diseases

1152

(2)

Multiple Gene Diseases

1154

(1)

Epigenetic Conditions

1154

(1)

Chromosomal Diseases

1155

(1)

Genetic Basis of Cancer

1155

(1)

Prevention and Treatment of Genetic Diseases

1156

(4)

Genetic Counseling

1156

(2)

Treating Genetic Diseases

1158

(2)

The Big Picture: Genetics, Heredity, and the Whole Body

1160

Case Study

1162

(1)

Career Choices

1162

(4)

Glossary of Anatomy & Physiology

1166

(55)

Index

1221

Brief Atlas and Quick Guide for Anatomy & Physiology Eleventh Edition

Introduction To The Brief Atlas Of The Human Body

Brief Atlas: Part 1 Surface Anatomy

(16)

Figure 1-1 Overview of surface anatomy (anterior view showing symmetry)

(1)

Figure 1-2 Overview of surface anatomy (posterior view showing symmetry)

(1)

Figure 1-3 Head (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 1-4 Head (lateral view)

(1)

Figure 1-5 Head (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 1-6 Neck (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 1-7 Head and neck (left lateral view)

(1)

Figure 1-8 Head and neck (right lateral view)

(1)

Figure 1-9 Male-type trunk (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 1-10 Female-type thorax (right lateral view)

(1)

Figure 1-11 Surface of trunk (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 1-12 Thorax (showing rib cage and lungs; anterior view)

(1)

Figure 1-13 Thorax (showing rib cage and lungs; posterior view)

(1)

Figure 1-14 Thorax (showing rib cage and lungs; right lateral view)

(1)

Figure 1-15 Thorax (showing structures of the mediastinum; heart and large vessels)

(1)

Figure 1-16 Thorax (showing structures of the mediastinum; large vessels and airways [ heart removed])

(1)

Figure 1-17 Abdominal quadrants and the positions of major organs

(1)

Figure 1-18 Nine regions of the abdomen

(1)

Figure 1-19 Layers of the abdominal wall

(1)

Figure 1-20 Inguinal region (typical male)

(1)

Figure 1-21 Position of pelvic organs (typical male)

(1)

Figure 1-22 Inguinal region (typical female)

(1)

Figure 1-23 Position of pelvic organs (typical female)

(1)

Figure 1-24 Perineum (typical male)

(1)

Figure 1-25 Perineum (typical female)

(1)

Figure 1-26 Upper extremity (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 1-27 Upper extremity (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 1-28 Hand (dorsal surface)

(1)

Figure 1-29 Hand (position of internal structures)

(1)

Figure 1-30 Hand (palmar surface)

(1)

Figure 1-31 Hand (lateral surface)

(1)

Figure 1-32 Lower extremity (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 1-33 Lower extremity (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 1-34 Muscles of the leg (surface projection; right lateral view)

(1)

Figure 1-35 Muscles of the leg (surface projection; anterior view)

(1)

Figure 1-36 Muscles of the leg (surface projection; posterior view)

(1)

Brief Atlas: Part 2 Skeleton

(36)

Figure 2-1 Skeleton (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-2 Skeleton (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-3 Skull (frontal view)

(1)

Figure 2-4 Skull (right lateral view)

(1)

Figure 2-5 Left half of the skull (sagittal section)

(1)

Figure 2-6 Skull (external surface of the base)

(1)

Figure 2-7 Skull (internal surface of the base)

(1)

Figure 2-8 Skull (bones of the eye orbit)

(1)

Figure 2.9 Nasal cavity (lateral wall)

(1)

Figure 2-10 Skull (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-11 Skull (oblique inferior view)

(1)

Figure 2.12 Vertebral column (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-13 Vertebral column (right lateral view)

(1)

Figure 2-14 Hyoid bone (anterior view; right lateral view)

(1)

Figure 2.15 First cervical vertebra (superior view)

(1)

Figure 2-16 First cervical vertebra (inferior view)

(1)

Figure 2-17 First cervical vertebra (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-18 First cervical vertebra (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-19 Second cervical vertebra (C2; axis; superior view)

(1)

Figure 2-20 Second cervical vertebra (C2; axis; inferior view)

(1)

Figure 2.21 Second cervical vertebra (C2; axis; anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-22 Second cervical vertebra (C2; axis; posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-23 Second cervical vertebra (C2; axis; right lateral view)

(1)

Figure 2-24 Typical cervical vertebra (C5; superior view)

(1)

Figure 2-25 Typical cervical vertebra (C5; inferior view)

(1)

Figure 2-26 Typical cervical vertebra (C5; anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-27 Typical cervical vertebra (C5; posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-28 Typical cervical vertebra (C5; right lateral view)

(1)

Figure 2-29 Typical cervical vertebra (C5; oblique view [ from above right])

(1)

Figure 2-30 Typical thoracic vertebra (T5; superior view)

(1)

Figure 2-31 Typical thoracic vertebra (T5; inferior view)

(1)

Figure 2-32 Typical thoracic vertebra (T5; anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-33 Typical thoracic vertebra (T5; posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-34 Typical thoracic vertebra (T5; right lateral view)

(1)

Figure 2-35 Typical thoracic vertebra (T5; oblique view [ from posterior right])

(1)

Figure 2-36 Typical lumbar vertebra (L3; superior view)

(1)

Figure 2-37 Typical lumbar vertebra (L3; inferior view)

(1)

Figure 2-38 Typical lumbar vertebra (L3; anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-39 Typical lumbar vertebra (L3; posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-40 Typical lumbar vertebra (L3; right lateral view)

(1)

Figure 2-41 Typical lumbar vertebra (L3; oblique view [ from anterior right])

(1)

Figure 2-42 Sacrum and coccyx (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-43 Sacrum and coccyx (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-44 Sacrum and coccyx (right lateral view)

(1)

Figure 2-45 Sacrum and coccyx (superior view)

(1)

Figure 2-46 Ribcage (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-47 Sternum

(1)

Figure 2-48 Upper extremity (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-49 Upper extremity (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-50 Right scapula (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-51 Right scapula (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2.52 Right clavicle (superior view)

(1)

Figure 2-53 Right clavicle (inferior view)

(1)

Figure 2-54 Right clavicle (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-55 Right clavicle (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-56 Right humerus (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-57 Right humerus (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-58 Right radius and ulna (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-59 Right radius and ulna (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-60 Wrist and hand (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-61 Right carpal bones (separated; anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-62 Right wrist and hand (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-63 Right carpal bones (separated; posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-64 Right lower extremity (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-65 Right lower extremity (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-66 Pelvis (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-67 Pelvis (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-68 Pelvis (superior view)

(1)

Figure 2-69 Right pelvic bone (coxal; anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-70 Right pelvic bone (coxal; posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-71 Right pelvic bone (lateral view)

(1)

Figure 2-72 Right pelvic bone (medial view)

(1)

Figure 2-73 Right femur (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-74 Right femur (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-75 Femur (distal [ inferior] view)

(1)

Figure 2-76 Femur (proximal [ superior] view)

(1)

Figure 2-77 Right patella (anterior view; proximal [ superior] view; posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-78 Right tibia and fibula (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-79 Right tibia and fibula (proximal view)

(1)

Figure 2-80 Right tibia and fibula (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-81 Right tibia and fibula (distal view)

(1)

Figure 2-82 Right ankle (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 2-83 Right ankle (lateral view)

(1)

Figure 2-84 Right ankle (subtalar joint; right lateral view)

(1)

Figure 2-85 Right ankle (subtalar joint; right lateral view; subtalar joint open)

(1)

Figure 2-86 Right ankle (subtalar joint; medial view)

(1)

Figure 2-87 Right ankle (subtalar joint; articular surfaces)

(1)

Figure 2-88 Right foot (dorsal view)

(1)

Figure 2-89 Right foot (plantar view)

(1)

Figure 2-90 Right foot (medial view)

(1)

Figure 2-91 Right foot (lateral view)

(1)

Brief Atlas: Part 3 Internal Anatomy

(14)

Figure 3-1 Right half of the head, in sagittal section (lateral view)

(1)

Figure 3-2 Brain (inferior view)

(1)

Figure 3-3 Right half of the brain, in a midline sagittal section (lateral view)

(1)

Figure 3-4 Brainstem and upper part of the spinal cord (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 3-5 Vertebral column, lumbar and sacral regions (posterior view)

(1)

Figure 3-6 Right brachial plexus and branches (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 3-7 Heart and pericardium (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 3-8 Thoracic inlet and mediastinum (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 3-9 Upper abdominal viscera (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 3-10 Stomach, with vessels and vagus nerves (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 3-11 Liver (from above and behind)

(1)

Figure 3-12 Small intestine

(1)

Figure 3-13 Kidneys and suprarenal glands (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 3-14 Kidney

(1)

Figure 3-15 Posterior abdominal and pelvic walls (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 3-16 Right half of a midline sagittal section of the male pelvis

(1)

Figure 3-17 Left half of a midline sagittal section of the female pelvis

(1)

Figure 3-18 Cast of the cardiac vessels (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 3-19 Cast of the heart and great vessels (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 3-20 Cast of the bronchial tree (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 3-21 Cast of the duodenum, liver, biliary tract, and associated vessels (anterior view)

(1)

Figure 3-22 Cast of the kidneys and great vessels (anterior view)

(1)

Brief Atlas: Part 4 Cross-Sectional Anatomy

(12)

Figure 4-1 Head and neck (inferior view)

(1)

Figure 4-2 Head and neck (inferior view)

(1)

Figure 4-3 Thorax (inferior view)

(1)

Figure 4-4 Thorax (inferior view)

(1)

Figure 4-5 Abdomen (inferior view)

(1)

Figure 4-6 Abdomen (inferior view)

(1)

Figure 4-7 Pelvic region (inferior view)

(1)

Figure 4-8 Pelvic region (inferior view)

(1)

Figure 4-9 Upper arm

(1)

Figure 4-10 Lower arm

(1)

Figure 4-11 Second digit (index finger)

(1)

Figure 4-12 Carpus (wrist)

(1)

Figure 4-13 Leg

(1)

Figure 4-14 Thigh

(1)

Figure 4-15 Lower leg

(1)

Figure 4-16 Ankle and foot

(1)

Figure 4-17 Head

(1)

Figure 4-18 Head

(1)

Figure 4-19 Thorax

(1)

Figure 4-20 Thorax

(1)

Figure 4-21 Abdomen

(1)

Figure 4-22 Abdomen

(1)

Figure 4-23 Forearm

(1)

Figure 4-24 Leg

(1)

Brief Atlas: Part 5 Histology

(11)

Figure 5-1 Electron micrograph of a thin section of a liver cell showing organelles

(1)

Figure 5-2 Mitosis

(1)

Figure 5-3 Simple squamous epithelium and simple cuboidal epithelium

(1)

Figure 5-4 Stratified cuboidal epithelium

(1)

Figure 5-5 Simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

(1)

Figure 5-6 Drawing of a goblet cell

(1)

Figure 5-7 Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

(1)

Figure 5-8 Simple columnar epithelium

(1)

Figure 5-9 Stratified squamous epithelium (nonkeratinized)

(1)

Figure 5-10 Stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized)

(1)

Figure 5-11 Transitional epithelium

(1)

Figure 5-12 Transitional epithelium

(1)

Figure 5-13 Loose, ordinary (areolar) connective tissue

(1)

Figure 5-14 Loose, ordinary (areolar) connective tissue

(1)

Figure 5-15 Adipose tissue

(1)

Figure 5-16 Dense fibrous connective tissue

(1)

Figure 5-17 Elastic fibrous connective tissue

(1)

Figure 5-18 Reticular connective tissue

(1)

Figure 5-19 Hyaline cartilage

(1)

Figure 5-20 Fibrocartilage

(1)

Figure 5-21 Elastic cartilage

(1)

Figure 5-22 Compact bone

(1)

Figure 5-23 Compact bone (decalcified)

(1)

Figure 5-24 Spongy (cancellous) bone tissue

(1)

Figure 5-25 Blood (smear)

(1)

Figure 5-26 Blood (smear showing basophil)

(1)

Figure 5-27 Blood (smear showing eosinophil)

(1)

Figure 5-28 Blood (smear showing neutrophil)

(1)

Figure 5-29 Blood (smear showing monocyte)

(1)

Figure 5-30 Blood (smear showing lymphocyte)

(1)

Figure 5-31 Skeletal muscle (longitudinal section)

(1)

Figure 5-32 Skeletal muscle (cross section)

(1)

Figure 5-33 Skeletal muscle (cross section)

(1)

Figure 5-34 Cardiac muscle showing branching (longitudinal section)

(1)

Figure 5-35 Cardiac muscle (longitudinal section)

(1)

Figure 5-36 Smooth muscle (longitudinal section)

(1)

Figure 5-37 Nerve tissue (spinal cord gray matter)

(1)

Figure 5-38 Nerve tissue (spinal cord smear)

(1)

Figure 5-39 Skin (thick)

(1)

Figure 5-40 Sebaceous gland

(1)

Figure 5-41 Hair follicle (longitudinal section)

(1)

Figure 5-42 Hair follicle (cross section)

(1)

Figure 5-43 Pituitary gland (anterior)

(1)

Figure 5-44 Thyroid and parathyroid gland

(1)

Figure 5-45 Stomach lining (pylorus)

(1)

Figure 5-46 Renal corpuscle of kidney

(1)

Figure 5-47 Kidney tubules and blood vessels

(1)

Figure 5-48 Kidney tubules (cross section)

(1)

Figure 5-49 Seminiferous tubules of testis (cross section)

(1)

Figure 5-50 Ovary (cross section)

(1)

Photograph/Illustration Credits

(1)

Quick Guide To The Language Of Science And Medicine

(1)

Learning And Using Scientific Terms

Most Terms Come from Latin and Greek

(1)

Terms Are Made by Combining Word Parts

(1)

Some Terms Use Latin Plural Forms

(1)

Avoid Confusing Adjectives with Nouns

(1)

Correct Spelling Is Important

(1)

Correct Pronunciation Is Important

(1)

Be Aware of Alternate Terminology

(1)

Practice New Terminology

Table 1 Word Parts Commonly Used as Prefixes

(2)

Table 2 Word Parts Commonly Used as Suffixes

(2)

Table 3 Word Parts commonly Used as Roots

(4)

Table 4 Abbreviations Used for Anatomical Directions

101

(1)

Table 5 Common Eponyms and Equivalent Descriptive Terms

102

(1)

Table 6 Scientific Symbols, Acronyms, and Abbreviations

103

(3)

Table 7 Medical Symbols, Acronyms, and Abbreviations

106

(3)

Table 8 Chemical Symbols, Formulas, and Acronyms

109

(2)

Table 9 Greek Alphabet

111

(1)

Table 10 Roman Numerals

111

(1)

Table 11 Symbols for International Units of Measurement

112

Professor Emeritus Kevin T. Patton works at Life Sciences,St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Professor of Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction (HAPI adjunct) Northeast College of Health Sciences Seneca Falls, NY Frank B. Bell is Adjunct Assistant Professor MS in Human Anatomy and Physiology Instruction (MSHAPI) Program Northeast College of Health Sciences Seneca Falls, NY Terry Thompson, Professor Emeritus of Biological Sciences Wor-Wic Community College President Emeritus - HAPS Salisbury, MD. Peggie L. Williamson works at the University of Mary Hardin DPT Program Baylor in Belton, TX Bellah Therapies, LLC Harker Heights, TX

Anatomy & Physiology (includes A&P Online course) 11th edition [Multiple-component retail product]

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