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xi | |
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xxxiii | |
Preface |
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xxxv | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxxix | |
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1 | (62) |
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Chapter 1 The Study of Civilization |
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3 | (23) |
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What Is a "Civilization"? |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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Civilizations and Their Neighbors |
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9 | (2) |
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"Primary" and "Secondary" Civilizations |
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11 | (1) |
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The Rediscovery of Ancient Civilizations |
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12 | (11) |
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The Threat to Ancient Civilizations |
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23 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Theories of States |
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26 | (37) |
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Historical and Anthropological Perspectives |
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29 | (4) |
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Four Classic Theories for the Emergence of State Societies |
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33 | (7) |
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Coercive Power versus Collective Action |
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40 | (1) |
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Cultural Systems and Civilization |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (6) |
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Cycling Chiefdoms: Processes and Agents |
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49 | (3) |
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The Collapse of Civilizations |
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52 | (2) |
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Civilization and Sustainability |
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54 | (5) |
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Western and Indigenous Science |
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59 | (4) |
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PART II The First Civilizations |
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63 | (148) |
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Prelude to Civilization: First Villages in the Fertile Crescent |
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63 | (6) |
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Chapter 3 Mesopotamia: The First Cities (3500-2000 B.C.) |
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69 | (40) |
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72 | (1) |
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Irrigation and Alluvium: Hassuna, Samarra, Halaf, and Ubaid (6500-4200 B.C) |
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73 | (3) |
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The Uruk Revolution (4200-3100 B.C) |
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76 | (13) |
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The Early Dynastic Period (2900-2334 B.C) |
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89 | (10) |
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The Akkadian Empire (2334-2190 B.C) |
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99 | (3) |
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Imperial Ur (2112-2004 B.C) |
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102 | (2) |
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Wider Horizons (2500-2000 B.C) |
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104 | (5) |
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Chapter 4 Egyptian Civilization |
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109 | (47) |
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110 | (4) |
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114 | (10) |
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The Archaic Period (3100-2680 B.C): Kingship, Writing, and Bureaucracy |
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124 | (5) |
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The Old Kingdom (2680-2134 B.C): Territorial and Divine Kingship |
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129 | (10) |
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The First Intermediate Period (2134-2040 B.C.) |
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139 | (1) |
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The Middle Kingdom (2040-1640 B.C): The Organized Oasis |
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139 | (2) |
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The Second Intermediate Period (1640-1550 B.C) |
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141 | (1) |
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The New Kingdom (1550-1070 B.C): Imperial Kings |
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142 | (9) |
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The Transformation of Egypt (after 1100 B.C) |
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151 | (5) |
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Chapter 5 South Asia: The Indus Civilization |
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156 | (24) |
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The Origins of Village Life |
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159 | (2) |
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Early Harappan (4000-2600 B.C) |
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161 | (2) |
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Mature Harappan: The Indus Civilization (2600-1900 B.C) |
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163 | (12) |
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Farming Villages of the Indus and Ganges (2000-600 B.C) |
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175 | (1) |
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Early Historic Cities (600-150 B.C) |
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176 | (4) |
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Chapter 6 The First Chinese Civilizations |
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180 | (31) |
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183 | (1) |
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Millet and Rice (c. 7000-3500 B.C) |
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183 | (2) |
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Liangzhu (c. 3300-2300 B.C) |
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185 | (2) |
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Ritual and Pilgrimage: The Niuheliang Temple (c. 3500 B.C) |
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187 | (1) |
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Elite Traditions in the Longshan Phase (c. 2800-1800 B.C) |
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187 | (2) |
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Shimao and the Northern Zone (c. 2300-1800 B.C) |
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189 | (2) |
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Three Dynasties: Xia, Shang, and Zhou (c. 1800-1046 B.C) |
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191 | (15) |
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Beyond the Shang: Bronze Age Traditions in Other Regions of China |
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206 | (3) |
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The Western Zhou (1046-771 B.C) |
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209 | (2) |
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PART III Great Powers in Southwest Asia |
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211 | (52) |
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Chapter 7 Mesopotamia and the Levant (2000-1200 B.C) |
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213 | (24) |
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Bronze Age Cities in Anatolia (2000-1700 B.C) |
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214 | (3) |
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The Struggle for Mesopotamia (2000-1800 B.C) |
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217 | (2) |
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The World of the Mari Letters (1810-1750 B.C) |
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219 | (2) |
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The Emergence of Babylon and the Old Babylonian Period (2004-1595 B.C) |
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221 | (3) |
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The Rise of the Hittites (1650-1400 B.C.) |
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224 | (3) |
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Egypt and Mitanni: War in the Levant (1550-1400 B.C) |
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227 | (1) |
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The Hittites in the Levant (1400-1200 B.C) |
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228 | (3) |
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The Hittites in Anatolia (1400-1200 B.C) |
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231 | (3) |
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Mesopotamia and Iran (1400-1200 B.C) |
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234 | (3) |
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Chapter 8 Southwest Asia in the First Millennium B.C |
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237 | (26) |
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A Reordered World (1200-1000 B.C) |
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238 | (2) |
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The Mediterranean Coastlands (1000-700 B.C) |
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240 | (6) |
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The Archaeology of Empire |
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246 | (2) |
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Assyria Resurgent (911-680 B.C) |
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248 | (2) |
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The Mountain Kingdom of Urartu (c. 830-600 B.C) |
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250 | (1) |
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The Assyrian Apogee (680-612 B.C) |
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251 | (4) |
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The Neo-Babylonian Empire (612-539 B.C) |
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255 | (2) |
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Phrygians and Lydians (750-500 B.C) |
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257 | (2) |
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The Rise of the Persians (614-490 B.C) |
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259 | (4) |
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PART IV The Mediterranean World |
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263 | (96) |
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Chapter 9 The First Aegean Civilizations |
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265 | (32) |
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The Aegean Early Bronze Age (3200-2100 B.C) |
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269 | (1) |
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Mainland Greece and the Cycladic Islands |
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270 | (2) |
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Minoan Civilization: The Palace Period (2100-1450 B.C) |
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272 | (9) |
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281 | (1) |
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Mycenaean Greece (1600-1050 B.C) |
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282 | (11) |
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After the Palaces: Postpalatial Greece (1200-1050 B.C) |
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293 | (4) |
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Chapter 10 The Mediterranean World in the First Millennium (1000-30 B.C) |
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297 | (33) |
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The Recovery of Greece (1000-750 B.C) |
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298 | (3) |
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Phoenicians and Carthaginians (1000-750 B.C) |
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301 | (1) |
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The Greek Colonies (800-600 B.C) |
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302 | (3) |
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Etruscan Italy (900-400 B.C) |
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305 | (5) |
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Archaic Greece (750-480 B.C) |
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310 | (2) |
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Three Greek Cities: Athens, Corinth, Sparta |
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312 | (4) |
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Classical Greece (480-323 B.C) |
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316 | (9) |
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Sequel: The Hellenistic World |
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325 | (5) |
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330 | (29) |
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The Roman Republic (510-31 B.C) |
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333 | (1) |
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The Early Roman Empire (31 B.C.-A.D. 235) |
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334 | (2) |
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336 | (3) |
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The Military Establishment |
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339 | (3) |
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Arteries of Empire: Roads and Sea-Lanes |
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342 | (3) |
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345 | (12) |
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The End of the Ancient World |
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357 | (2) |
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PART V Northeast Africa and Asia |
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359 | (100) |
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359 | (4) |
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Chapter 12 Northeast Africa: Kush, Meroe, and Aksum |
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363 | (23) |
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Nubia and the Middle Nile |
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365 | (12) |
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377 | (1) |
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Meroe (C. 300 B.C-A.D. 300) |
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378 | (3) |
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381 | (5) |
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Chapter 13 Sub-Saharan Africa |
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386 | (25) |
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Jenne-jeno (Third Century B.C to Early First Millennium A.D.) |
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390 | (3) |
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Sahel States: Ghana, Mali, and Songhay |
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393 | (3) |
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The East African Coast: Monsoons and Stone Towns |
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396 | (3) |
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The Far Interior: Interlacustrine Kingdoms |
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399 | (1) |
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South Central Africa: Gold and Ivory |
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400 | (6) |
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West African Forest Kingdoms |
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406 | (5) |
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Chapter 14 Divine Kings in Southeast Asia |
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411 | (21) |
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The Rise of States in Southeast Asia (c. 2000 B.C-A.D. 150) |
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412 | (8) |
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The Angkor State (A.D. 802-1430) |
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420 | (9) |
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429 | (3) |
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Chapter 15 Kingdoms and Empires in East Asia (770 B.C-A.D. 700) |
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432 | (27) |
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Society Transformed: The Eastern Zhou Period (770-221 B.C) |
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434 | (4) |
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The First Chinese Empire (221-206 B.C) |
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438 | (4) |
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The Han Empire (206 B.C-A.D. 220) |
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442 | (12) |
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Secondary States: Korea and Japan |
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454 | (5) |
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PART VI Early States in the Americas |
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459 | (166) |
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Chapter 16 Lowland Mesoamerica |
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461 | (48) |
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463 | (4) |
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Village Farmers (c. 7000-2000 B.C.) |
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467 | (2) |
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The Formative Period: The Olmec (1500-500 B.C) |
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469 | (6) |
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Preclassic Maya Civilization (before 1100 A.C-A.D. 200) |
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475 | (5) |
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Classic Maya Civilization (A.D. 200-900) |
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480 | (20) |
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The Ninth-Century Collapse |
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500 | (4) |
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Postclassic Lowland Maya Civilization (A.D. 900-1517): Chichen Itza and Mayapan) |
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504 | (5) |
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Chapter 17 Highland Mesoamerica |
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509 | (39) |
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The Rise of Highland Civilization (2000-500 B.C.) |
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510 | (4) |
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Monte Alban (500 B.C-A.D. 750) |
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514 | (5) |
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Teotihuacan (200 B.C-A.D. 600) |
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519 | (9) |
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The Toltecs (C. A.D. 800-1150) |
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528 | (4) |
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The Rise of Aztec Civilization (a.d. 1200-1519) |
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532 | (2) |
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Tenochtitlan (A.D. 1487-1519) |
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534 | (11) |
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The Spanish Conquest (A.D. 1517-1521) |
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545 | (3) |
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Chapter 18 The Foundations of Andean Civilization |
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548 | (30) |
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The Andean World: Poles of Civilization |
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549 | (3) |
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The Preceramic Period (3000-1800/1200 B.C) |
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552 | (7) |
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The "Maritime Foundations" Hypothesis |
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559 | (2) |
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The Initial Period (1800-800 B.C) |
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561 | (17) |
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Chapter 19 Andean States (200 B.C-A.D. 1534) |
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578 | (39) |
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The Early Intermediate Period (200 B.C-A.D. 600) |
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580 | (1) |
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North Coast: Moche Civilization (A.D. 100-700) |
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581 | (14) |
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Southern Pole: Nasca (A.D. 100-C. A.D. 700) |
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595 | (3) |
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The Middle Horizon: The First Highland States (A.D. 600-1000) |
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598 | (4) |
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The Late Intermediate Period (A.D. 1000-1400) |
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602 | (4) |
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The Late Horizon: The Inka Empire (A.D. 1476-1534) |
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606 | (11) |
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617 | (8) |
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618 | (2) |
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620 | (2) |
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622 | (1) |
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622 | (3) |
Guide to Further Reading |
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625 | (26) |
References |
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651 | (2) |
Credits |
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653 | (6) |
Index |
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659 | |