Preface |
|
xv | |
About Ancient Lives |
|
xv | |
The Philosophy Behind Ancient Lives |
|
xvi | |
Special Features and Changes in the Seventh Edition |
|
xvii | |
Acknowledgments |
|
xx | |
Author Notes |
|
xxi | |
|
PART I Archaeology: Studying Ancient Times |
|
|
1 | (148) |
|
Special Feature: Conservation Of Sites And Finds |
|
|
|
1 Introducing Archaeology and Prehistory |
|
|
3 | (31) |
|
|
5 | (5) |
|
|
10 | (6) |
|
|
16 | (2) |
|
Why Is Archaeology Important? |
|
|
18 | (9) |
|
|
27 | (5) |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
Critical-Thinking Questions |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
|
34 | (35) |
|
|
36 | (7) |
|
The Process of Archaeological Research |
|
|
43 | (5) |
|
|
48 | (2) |
|
The Archives of the Past: The Archaeological Record |
|
|
50 | (3) |
|
|
53 | (7) |
|
|
60 | (7) |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
Critical-Thinking Questions |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
69 | (36) |
|
How Do You Find Archaeological Sites? |
|
|
72 | (5) |
|
Back to (Real) Earth: Ground Survey |
|
|
77 | (6) |
|
How Do You Dig Up the Past? |
|
|
83 | (13) |
|
|
96 | (6) |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
Critical-Thinking Questions |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
|
105 | (44) |
|
Technologies of the Ancients |
|
|
105 | (20) |
|
Subsistence: Making a Living |
|
|
125 | (19) |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
Critical-Thinking Questions |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
|
147 | (2) |
|
PART II Ancient Interactions |
|
|
149 | (90) |
|
5 Individuals and Interactions |
|
|
151 | (26) |
|
An Individual: Otzi the Ice Man |
|
|
152 | (2) |
|
|
154 | (5) |
|
|
159 | (5) |
|
|
164 | (2) |
|
|
166 | (9) |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
Critical-Thinking Questions |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
6 Studying the Intangible |
|
|
177 | (31) |
|
A Framework of Common Belief? |
|
|
178 | (5) |
|
Ethnographic Analogy and Rock Art |
|
|
183 | (4) |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
Artifacts: The Importance of Context |
|
|
188 | (4) |
|
|
192 | (3) |
|
|
195 | (11) |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
Critical-Thinking Questions |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
|
208 | (31) |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
Constructing Culture History |
|
|
210 | (7) |
|
|
217 | (4) |
|
Archaeology by Observation and Experiment |
|
|
221 | (4) |
|
Explaining Cultural Change |
|
|
225 | (6) |
|
|
231 | (4) |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
Critical-Thinking Questions |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
237 | (2) |
|
PART III The World of the First Humans |
|
|
239 | (70) |
|
|
241 | (35) |
|
Early Primate Evolution and Adaptation |
|
|
244 | (4) |
|
The Fossil Evidence for Human Evolution (c. 6 Million to 1.5 Million Years Ago) |
|
|
248 | (9) |
|
Early Homo: Homo habilis (c. 2.5 Million to 1.6 Million Years Ago) |
|
|
257 | (2) |
|
|
259 | (2) |
|
The Earliest Human Technology |
|
|
261 | (5) |
|
|
266 | (2) |
|
Plant Foraging and Grandmothering |
|
|
268 | (2) |
|
|
270 | (2) |
|
The Development of Language and Speech |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
The Earliest Social Organization |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
Critical-Thinking Questions |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
276 | (33) |
|
|
277 | (2) |
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
Homo erectus Outside Africa (c. 1.8 Million to Possibly 100,000 Years Ago) |
|
|
280 | (4) |
|
The Lifeway of Homo erectus |
|
|
284 | (5) |
|
After, and Alongside, Homo erectus |
|
|
289 | (2) |
|
The Neanderthals (c. 350,000 to c. 30,000 Years Ago) |
|
|
291 | (6) |
|
Early Homo sapiens (c. 300,000 to 120,000 Years Ago) |
|
|
297 | (8) |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
Critical-Thinking Questions |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
307 | (2) |
|
PART IV Modern Humans Settle the World |
|
|
309 | (32) |
|
|
311 | (30) |
|
The Late Ice Age World (50,000 to 15,000 Years Ago) |
|
|
312 | (2) |
|
The AMH Peopling of Southeast Asia and Australia (by 50,000 Years Ago) |
|
|
314 | (3) |
|
Late Ice Age Europe: The Cro-Magnons (c. 45,000 to 15,000 Years Ago) |
|
|
317 | (10) |
|
Hunter-Gatherers in Eurasia (35,000 to 15,000 Years Ago) |
|
|
327 | (2) |
|
East Asia (c. 35,000 to 15,000 Years Ago) |
|
|
329 | (2) |
|
AMH Settlement of Siberia (Before 20,000 to 15,000 Years Ago) |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
The First Americans (Before 15,000 Years Ago to 13,000 Years Ago) |
|
|
332 | (5) |
|
The Clovis People (c. 13,200 to 12,900 Years Ago) |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
Critical-Thinking Questions |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
PART V The First Farmers and Civilizations |
|
|
341 | (90) |
|
|
343 | (34) |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
Changes in Hunter-Gatherer Societies |
|
|
345 | (4) |
|
Origins of Food Production |
|
|
349 | (2) |
|
Consequences of Food Production |
|
|
351 | (5) |
|
The First Farmers in Southwestern Asia |
|
|
356 | (11) |
|
Early Agriculture in South and East Asia |
|
|
367 | (4) |
|
Navigators and Chiefs in the Pacific (2000 b.C. to Modern Times) |
|
|
371 | (3) |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
Critical-Thinking Questions |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
12 The First Civilizations |
|
|
377 | (32) |
|
What Is a State-Organized Society? |
|
|
378 | (2) |
|
Theories of the Origins of States |
|
|
380 | (7) |
|
The Collapse of Civilizations |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Early Civilization in Mesopotamia (5500 to 3100 B.C.) |
|
|
388 | (8) |
|
Ancient Egyptian Civilization (c. 3100 to 30 B.C.) |
|
|
396 | (11) |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
Critical-Thinking Questions |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
13 Early Asian Civilizations |
|
|
409 | (22) |
|
South Asia: The Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2700 to 1700 B.C.) |
|
|
411 | (3) |
|
South Asia after the Indus Valley Civilization (1700 to 180 B.C.) |
|
|
414 | (2) |
|
The Origins of Chinese Civilization (2600 to 1100 B.C.) |
|
|
416 | (5) |
|
The War Lords (1100 to 221 B.C.) |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
Southeast Asian Civilization (A.D. 1 to 1500) |
|
|
422 | (7) |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
Critical-Thinking Questions |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
PART VI The Ancient Americas |
|
|
431 | (96) |
|
|
433 | (30) |
|
North America after First Settlement |
|
|
434 | (5) |
|
|
439 | (5) |
|
The Southwest (300 B.C. to Modern Times) |
|
|
444 | (8) |
|
Eastern North America (2000 B.C. to A.D. 1650) |
|
|
452 | (8) |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
Critical-Thinking Questions |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
461 | (2) |
|
15 Mesoamerican Civilizations |
|
|
463 | (33) |
|
The Olmec (1500 to 500 B.C.) |
|
|
464 | (4) |
|
Ancient Maya Civilization (Before 1000 B.C. to A.D. 300) |
|
|
468 | (3) |
|
Classic Maya Civilization (A.D. 300 to 900) |
|
|
471 | (7) |
|
The Rise of Highland Civilization (1500 to 200 B.C.) |
|
|
478 | (3) |
|
Teotihuacdn (200 B.C. to A.D. 750) |
|
|
481 | (4) |
|
The Toltecs (A.D. 650 to 1200) |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
Aztec Civilization (A.D. 1200 to 1521) |
|
|
486 | (7) |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
Critical-Thinking Questions |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
494 | (2) |
|
|
496 | (31) |
|
The Maritime Foundations of And ean Civilization |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
Coastal Foundations (3000 to 900 B.C.) |
|
|
501 | (3) |
|
The Early Horizon and Chavt'n de Hudntar (900 to 200 B.C.) |
|
|
504 | (3) |
|
The Initial Period: Inland Developments (1800 B.C. to A.D. 100) |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
The Moche State (A.D. 1-800) |
|
|
508 | (4) |
|
The Middle Horizon: Tiwanaku and Wari (A.D. 600 to 1000) |
|
|
512 | (3) |
|
The Late Intermediate Period: Sicdn and Chimu (A.D. 700 to 1460) |
|
|
515 | (3) |
|
The Late Horizon: The Inca State (A.D. 1476 to 1534) |
|
|
518 | (6) |
|
The Spanish Conquest (A.D. 1532 to 1534) |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
Critical-Thinking Questions |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
|
527 | (13) |
|
17 What Remains to Be Done: Archaeology and You |
|
|
529 | (11) |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
Conservation and Mitigation |
|
|
531 | (2) |
|
Public Archaeology, aka Public Outreach |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
Our Responsibilities to the Past |
|
|
534 | (2) |
|
So You Want to Become an Archaeologist? |
|
|
536 | (2) |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
Critical-Thinking Questions |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
|
539 | (1) |
Glossary |
|
540 | (17) |
References |
|
557 | (1) |
Index |
|
558 | |