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Chapter 1 Antenna Fundamentals and Definitions |
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1 | (55) |
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1 | (3) |
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4 | (4) |
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8 | (4) |
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1.4 Electromagnetic Fundamentals |
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12 | (4) |
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1.5 Solution of Maxwell's Equations for Radiation Problems |
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16 | (4) |
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20 | (4) |
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24 | (13) |
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1.7.1 Radiation Pattern Basics |
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24 | (1) |
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1.7.2 Radiation from Line Currents |
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25 | (3) |
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1.7.3 Far-Field Conditions and Field Regions |
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28 | (3) |
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1.7.4 Steps in the Evaluation of Radiation Fields |
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31 | (2) |
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1.7.5 Radiation Pattern Definitions |
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33 | (2) |
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1.7.6 Radiation Pattern Parameters |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (6) |
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1.9 Antenna Impedance, Radiation Efficiency, and the Short Dipole |
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43 | (5) |
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1.10 Antenna Polarization |
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48 | (4) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (4) |
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Chapter 2 Some Simple Radiating Systems and Antenna Practice |
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56 | (31) |
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2.1 Electrically Small Dipoles |
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56 | (3) |
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59 | (4) |
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2.3 Antennas Above a Perfect Ground Plane |
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63 | (5) |
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63 | (3) |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (8) |
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68 | (3) |
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2.4.2 The Small Loop Antenna |
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71 | (5) |
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2.5 Antennas in Communication Systems |
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76 | (6) |
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2.6 Practical Considerations for Electrically Small Antennas |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (3) |
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87 | (56) |
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3.1 The Array Factor for Linear Arrays |
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88 | (11) |
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3.2 Uniformly Excited, Equally Spaced Linear Arrays |
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99 | (8) |
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3.2.1 The Array Factor Expression |
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99 | (3) |
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3.2.2 Main Beam Scanning and Beamwidth |
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102 | (1) |
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3.2.3 The Ordinary Endfire Array |
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103 | (2) |
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3.2.4 The Hansen-Woodyard Endfire Array |
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105 | (2) |
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3.3 Pattern Multiplication |
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107 | (5) |
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3.4 Directivity of Uniformly Excited, Equally Spaced Linear Arrays |
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112 | (4) |
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3.5 Nonuniformly Excited, Equally Spaced Linear Arrays |
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116 | (5) |
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121 | (7) |
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3.6.1 Impedance Effects of Mutual Coupling |
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122 | (3) |
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3.6.2 Array Pattern Evaluation Including Mutual Coupling |
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125 | (3) |
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3.7 Multidimensional Arrays |
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128 | (2) |
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3.8 Phased Arrays and Array Feeding Techniques |
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130 | (6) |
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130 | (3) |
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3.8.2 Feed Networks for Beam Scanning |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (1) |
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3.9 Perspective on Arrays |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (6) |
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143 | (21) |
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4.1 The Uniform Line Source |
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143 | (9) |
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152 | (5) |
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4.3 Fourier Transform Relations Between the Far-Field Pattern and the Source Distribution |
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157 | (2) |
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4.4 Superdirective Line Sources |
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159 | (4) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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Chapter 5 Resonant Antennas: Wires and Patches |
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164 | (61) |
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165 | (10) |
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5.1.1 Straight Wire Dipoles |
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165 | (8) |
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173 | (2) |
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5.2 Folded Dipole Antennas |
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175 | (5) |
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5.3 Feeding Wire Antennas |
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180 | (7) |
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187 | (9) |
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5.5 Corner Reflector Antennas |
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196 | (2) |
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5.6 Wire Antennas Above an Imperfect Ground Plane |
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198 | (7) |
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5.6.1 Pattern Effects of a Real Earth Ground Plane |
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198 | (5) |
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5.6.2 Ground Plane Construction |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (5) |
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210 | (8) |
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5.8.1 Microstrip Patch Antennas |
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210 | (6) |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (6) |
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Chapter 6 Broadband Antennas |
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225 | (50) |
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6.1 Travelling-Wave Wire Antennas |
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225 | (6) |
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231 | (9) |
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6.2.1 Normal Mode Helix Antenna |
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232 | (3) |
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6.2.2 Axial Mode Helix Antenna |
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235 | (5) |
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240 | (6) |
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6.3.1 Infinite Biconical Antenna |
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240 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Finite Biconical Antenna |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (3) |
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246 | (4) |
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246 | (2) |
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248 | (2) |
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6.5 Principles of Frequency-Independent Antennas |
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250 | (2) |
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252 | (7) |
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6.6.1 Equiangular Spiral Antenna |
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252 | (2) |
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6.6.2 Archimedean Spiral Antenna |
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254 | (3) |
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6.6.3 Conical Equiangular Spiral Antenna |
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257 | (1) |
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6.6.4 Related Configurations |
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258 | (1) |
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6.7 Log-Periodic Antennas |
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259 | (11) |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 Aperture Antennas |
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275 | (90) |
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7.1 Radiation from Apertures and Huygens' Principle |
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275 | (9) |
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7.2 Rectangular Apertures |
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284 | (7) |
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7.2.1 The Uniform Rectangular Aperture |
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285 | (4) |
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7.2.2 Tapered Rectangular Apertures |
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289 | (2) |
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7.3 Techniques for Evaluating Gain |
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291 | (8) |
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292 | (2) |
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7.3.2 Gain and Efficiencies |
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294 | (2) |
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7.3.3 Simple Directivity Formulas |
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296 | (3) |
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7.4 Rectangular Horn Antennas |
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299 | (17) |
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7.4.1 H-Plane Sectoral Horn Antenna |
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300 | (6) |
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7.4.2 E-Plane Sectoral Horn Antenna |
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306 | (4) |
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7.4.3 Pyramidal Horn Antenna |
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310 | (6) |
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316 | (6) |
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7.5.1 The Uniform Circular Aperture |
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316 | (3) |
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7.5.2 Tapered Circular Apertures |
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319 | (3) |
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322 | (27) |
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7.6.1 Parabolic Reflector Antenna Principles |
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322 | (7) |
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7.6.2 Axisymmetric Parabolic Reflector Antenna |
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329 | (5) |
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7.6.3 Offset Parabolic Reflectors |
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334 | (1) |
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7.6.4 Dual Reflector Antennas |
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335 | (3) |
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7.6.5 Cross-Polarization and Scanning Properties of Reflector Antennas |
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338 | (4) |
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7.6.6 Gain Calculations for Reflector Antennas |
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342 | (5) |
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7.6.7 Other Reflector Antennas |
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347 | (2) |
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7.7 Feed Antennas for Reflectors |
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349 | (7) |
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7.7.1 Field Representations |
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349 | (1) |
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7.7.2 Matching the Feed to the Reflector |
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350 | (2) |
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7.7.3 A General Feed Model |
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352 | (2) |
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7.7.4 Feed Antennas Used in Practice |
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354 | (2) |
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356 | (2) |
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358 | (7) |
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Chapter 8 Antenna Synthesis |
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365 | (30) |
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8.1 The Synthesis Problem |
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365 | (3) |
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8.1.1 Formulation of the Synthesis Problem |
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365 | (2) |
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8.1.2 Synthesis Principles |
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367 | (1) |
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8.2 Line Source Shaped Beam Synthesis Methods |
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368 | (5) |
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8.2.1 Fourier Transform Method |
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368 | (2) |
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8.2.2 Woodward-Lawson Sampling Method |
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370 | (3) |
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8.3 Linear Array Shaped Beam Synthesis Methods |
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373 | (5) |
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8.3.1 Fourier Series Method |
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373 | (3) |
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8.3.2 Woodward-Lawson Sampling Method |
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376 | (1) |
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8.3.3 Comparison of Shaped Beam Synthesis Methods |
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377 | (1) |
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8.4 Low Side-Lobe, Narrow Main Beam Synthesis Methods |
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378 | (12) |
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8.4.1 Dolph-Chebyshev Linear Array Method |
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378 | (6) |
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8.4.2 Taylor Line Source Method |
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384 | (6) |
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390 | (1) |
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390 | (1) |
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391 | (4) |
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Chapter 9 Antennas in Systems and Antenna Measurements |
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395 | (32) |
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9.1 Receiving Properties of Antennas |
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395 | (5) |
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9.2 Antenna Noise Temperature and Radiometry |
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400 | (3) |
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403 | (1) |
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9.4 Reciprocity and Antenna Measurements |
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404 | (5) |
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9.5 Pattern Measurement and Antenna Ranges |
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409 | (6) |
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415 | (3) |
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9.6.1 Gain Measurement of CP Antennas |
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416 | (2) |
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418 | (1) |
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9.7 Polarization Measurement |
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418 | (4) |
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9.7.1 Polarization Pattern Method |
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419 | (1) |
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9.7.2 Spinning Linear Method |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
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9.8 Field Intensity Measurements |
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422 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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424 | (3) |
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Chapter 10 CEM for Antennas: The Method of Moments |
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427 | (66) |
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10.1 Introduction to Computational Electromagnetics |
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427 | (2) |
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10.2 Introduction to the Method of Moments |
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429 | (1) |
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10.3 Pocklington's Integral Equation |
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430 | (2) |
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10.4 Integral Equations and Kirchhoff's Network Equations |
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432 | (3) |
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435 | (5) |
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10.6 Weighted Residuals and the Method of Moments |
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440 | (5) |
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10.7 Two Alternative Approaches to the Method of Moments |
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445 | (4) |
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445 | (2) |
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10.7.2 Linear Algebra Formulation of MoM |
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447 | (2) |
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10.8 Formulation and Computational Considerations |
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449 | (8) |
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10.8.1 Other Expansion and Weighting Functions |
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450 | (1) |
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10.8.2 Other Electric Field Integral Equations for Wires |
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451 | (3) |
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10.8.3 Computer Time Considerations |
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454 | (1) |
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455 | (1) |
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10.8.5 Block Toeplitz Matrices |
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455 | (1) |
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10.8.6 Compressed Matrices |
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456 | (1) |
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457 | (1) |
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10.9 Calculation of Antenna and Scatterer Characteristics |
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457 | (3) |
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10.10 The Wire Antenna or Scatterer as an N-Port Network |
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460 | (5) |
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10.10.1 Series Connections |
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460 | (2) |
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10.10.2 Parallel Connections |
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462 | (3) |
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465 | (7) |
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466 | (1) |
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10.11.2 The Circular Array |
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467 | (3) |
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10.11.3 Two-Dimensional Planar Array of Dipoles |
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470 | (1) |
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471 | (1) |
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10.12 Radar Cross Section of Antennas |
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472 | (5) |
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10.13 Modeling of Solid Surfaces |
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477 | (10) |
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477 | (5) |
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10.13.2 Continuous Surface Model |
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482 | (5) |
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487 | (1) |
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487 | (1) |
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488 | (5) |
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Chapter 11 CEM for Antennas: Finite Difference Time Domain Method |
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493 | (52) |
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11.1 Maxwell's Equations for the FD-TD Method |
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495 | (3) |
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11.1.1 Three-Dimensional Problem Formulation |
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496 | (1) |
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11.1.2 Two-Dimensional Problem Formulation |
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496 | (1) |
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11.1.3 One-Dimensional Problem Formulation |
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497 | (1) |
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11.2 Finite Differences and the Yee Algorithm |
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498 | (7) |
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11.3 Cell Size, Numerical Stability, and Dispersion |
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505 | (3) |
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11.4 Computer Algorithms and FD-TD Implementation |
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508 | (3) |
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11.5 Absorbing Boundary Conditions |
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511 | (4) |
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515 | (7) |
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11.6.1 Source' Functionality |
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515 | (2) |
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517 | (1) |
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517 | (2) |
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11.6.4 Total-Field/Scattered-Field Formulation |
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519 | (3) |
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11.6.5 Pure Scattered-Field Formulation |
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522 | (1) |
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11.7 Near Fields and Far Fields |
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522 | (2) |
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11.8 A Two-Dimensional Example: An E-Plane Sectoral Horn Antenna |
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524 | (7) |
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11.9 Antenna Analysis and Applications |
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531 | (11) |
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11.9.1 Impedance, Efficiency, and Gain |
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532 | (1) |
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11.9.2 The Monopole over a PEC Ground Plane |
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533 | (5) |
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11.9.3 The Vivaldi Slotline Array |
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538 | (4) |
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542 | (1) |
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542 | (1) |
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543 | (2) |
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Chapter 12 CEM for Antennas: High-Frequency Methods |
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545 | (76) |
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546 | (6) |
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12.2 Wedge Diffraction Theory |
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552 | (9) |
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12.3 The Ray-Fixed Coordinate System |
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561 | (3) |
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12.4 A Uniform Theory of Wedge Diffraction |
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564 | (4) |
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12.5 E-Plane Analysis of Horn Antennas |
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568 | (3) |
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12.6 Cylindrical Parabolic Antenna |
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571 | (3) |
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12.7 Radiation by a Slot on a Finite Ground Plane |
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574 | (3) |
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12.8 Radiation by a Monopole on a Finite Ground Plane |
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577 | (1) |
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12.9 Equivalent Current Concepts |
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578 | (3) |
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12.10 A Multiple Diffraction Formulation |
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581 | (3) |
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12.11 Diffraction by Curved Surfaces |
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584 | (5) |
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12.12 Extension of Moment Methods Using the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction |
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589 | (8) |
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597 | (4) |
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12.14 Method of Stationary Phase |
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601 | (3) |
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12.15 Physical Theory of Diffraction |
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604 | (6) |
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12.16 Cylindrical Parabolic Reflector Antenna-PTD |
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610 | (2) |
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612 | (1) |
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613 | (1) |
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614 | (7) |
Appendix A Tables of Commonly Used Frequencies |
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621 | (2) |
A.1 Radio Frequency Bands |
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621 | (1) |
A.2 Television Channel Frequencies |
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621 | (1) |
A.3 Mobile Telephone Bands |
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622 | (1) |
A.4 Radar Bands |
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622 | (1) |
Appendix B Data Material and Other Constants |
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623 | (2) |
B.1 Conductivities of Good Conductors |
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623 | (1) |
B.2 Wire Data |
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623 | (1) |
B.3 Dielectric Constant: Permittivity |
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624 | (1) |
B.4 Permeability |
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624 | (1) |
B.5 Velocity of Light |
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624 | (1) |
B.6 Intrinsic Impedance of Free Space |
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624 | (1) |
Appendix C Vectors |
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625 | (3) |
C.1 Unit Vector Representations |
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625 | (1) |
C.2 Vector Identities |
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625 | (1) |
C.3 Vector Differential Operators |
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626 | (2) |
Appendix D Trigonometric Relations |
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628 | (2) |
Appendix E Hyperbolic Relations |
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630 | (1) |
Appendix F Useful Mathematical Relations |
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631 | (2) |
F.1 Dirac Delta Function |
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631 | (1) |
F.2 Binomial Theorem |
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631 | (1) |
F.3 Bessel Functions |
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631 | (1) |
F.4 Some Useful Integrals |
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632 | (1) |
Appendix G Computing Packages |
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633 | (3) |
G.1 General Antenna Pagkage: APV |
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633 | (1) |
G.2 Array Plotting Package: PCARRPAT |
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633 | (1) |
G.3 Wire Antenna Code: WIRE |
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634 | (1) |
G.4 Parabolic Reflector Antenna Code: PRAC |
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634 | (1) |
G.5 Diffraction Codes |
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634 | (2) |
Appendix H Bibliography |
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636 | (7) |
Index |
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643 | |