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E-grāmata: Anthropology of Religion

  • Formāts: 224 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Nov-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000782387
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  • Formāts: 224 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Nov-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000782387

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This book describes how anthropologists in the twentieth century went about documenting the religions of those independent peoples who still lived beyond the frontiers of the global economy and the world religions. It begins by examining the enormous popularity of the newly invented field of anthropology in the nineteenth century as a site of multiple intellectual developments. Its climax was Frazer’s Golden Bough, which is a pillar of modernity second only to Darwin’s Origin of Species. But its notion of religion was entirely speculative. When anthropologists went to see for themselves, they encountered formidable obstacles. How to access a people’s most profound understandings of the world and everything in it? Holding fast to the premise that ethnographers have no special powers of seeing inside other people’s brains, this book teaches students to proceed slowly, a step at a time, watching how people perform rituals great and small, asking questions that seem stupid to their hosts, and struggling to translate abstract terms in unrecorded languages. Using a handful of examples from different continents, the book shows the potential of an anthropological approach to religion.



This book describes how anthropologists in the twentieth century went about documenting the religions of those independent peoples who still lived beyond the frontiers of the global economy and the world religions.

Introducing the Independent Thinkers 1(2)
1 "Such Turbulent Human Material"
3(8)
Firth in Tikopia
The archive
Not theology
The priority of ritual
The Ariki Kafika
PART I Nineteenth-Century Beginnings
11(30)
2 The Mirror of Modernity
13(9)
The child of travelogue
Cook in Tahiti
The fit with Thomsen, geology, Darwin, and capitalism
The Comparative Method
Aborigines most ancient
The temporal illusion
3 The Phenomenon of The Golden Bough
22(8)
`Primitive'
The invention of anthrapology
Greek ethnography
Frazer at Nemi
Tylor's idea of survivals
Sacred Kings
The definitive third edition
Relevance to Christianity
Influence in modern literature
4 If I Was a Horse
30(11)
From dreams to ancestors
Tylor's brand of empathy and intellectualism
Berawan ancestors
The world of spirits
From soul to spirit
`Losing breath'
Doing the bones
Terry Schiavo and the medically undead
PART II Definitions
41(22)
5 The Essence of Religion
43(12)
The Comparative Method and religion
Animism
Religion is our concept
Promiscuous fossicking
Characteristics of Judeo-Christian-Islamic Complex
Bororo: Awe and hope
Do the Bororo have a religion?
Non-human agencies
6 On The Uselessness of Ritual
55(8)
`Slaves of custom'
Most definitions self-defeating
Weddings and funerals
Hygiene
Ritualization
PART III Religion and Science
63(38)
7 Einstein in the Outback
65(12)
Gillen and Spencer
Correspondence with Frazer
Nature and society
Lizard man
Alcheringa geography-timescapes
Durkheim seizes on the sacred
The Great Project goes looking for it
8 Real Knowledge of Real Worlds
77(11)
The myth of starving Australians
Knowledge of their econiches
Ethno-Science
Hunanoo words for pepper
Langba takes a walk
The science of the concrete
Drug testing
9 Integrity of Science and Religion
88(13)
The engwuru festival
Spencer and Gillen's 194 totems
Magic, science, or religion?
The hakea flower rite
The Arunta understanding of the world
Integrity of the land - vs. mobility of longhouses
Knowing the jungle
Summoning the eagles
Awareness
PART IV Dismissing Diversity
101(24)
10 Laying Tylor's Ghost
103(10)
The context of High Modernism
Particle physics
Dawkins swallows Tylor's evolutionism
Waving culture away
Genetics can never replace linguistics
The limitations of materialism
Haute couture
Matriarchy Must-Have-Been
Anthropology and false science
11 Exorcising Freud
113(12)
Connotations of the word symbol
Jung: myths and dreams
Heroes
Reductionism
Ritual and emotion-exorcising Freud
The flag of the Ndembu
Turner's methods
Things unsaid
Geertz' blunder
PART V Looking for Meanings
125(18)
12 What's Only Natural
127(7)
Right and left
Rights and being right
Dualism
The Bororo village circle
Opposition and complementarity - the solution to Tylor's riddle
13 Beginnings, Middles, and Ends
134(9)
Natural philosophy
Death and rebirth
Refugees and pilgrims
Ndembu mukanda
A rite within a rite
The (in)accessibility of ethnography
Secrets and mysteries
PART VI Ritual and Rationality
143(26)
14 No One Believes in Things That Aren't There
145(14)
Evans-Pritchard's dilemma
Azande witchcraft is not supernatural
First and second spears
Columbine-rejecting chance
The Problem of Evil
Radical egalitarianism
Divination
The poison oracle
The Great Witch Craze
Misinformation
15 Being Reasonable
159(10)
Rationality and coherence
Relativism, radical and otherwise
Pastiche
Boas and diffusion
Culture as emergent
Schneider redefines culture
PART VII Powers
169(17)
16 Invitations You Can't Refuse
171(7)
Mutual definition
Bororo names
Awe orthography
Shaman is a Tungus word
Shamans of the hope
Becoming a shaman
The shaman as kosher butcher
17 Nature Does Not Work Independently of Man
178(8)
Mana in actual usage
Atua
"Nature does not work independently of man"
Cjiiefly genealogies
The Dance to Quell the Wind
The Proclamation of Rarokoka-Robertson-Smith vindicated
Findings 186(12)
Postscript: Religion and Evolution 198(7)
Endnotes 205(4)
Glossary of Ethnic Groups 209(1)
Bibliography 210(5)
Index 215
Peter Metcalf is Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at the University of Virginia, USA. He has conducted fieldwork in central Borneo over many years and written extensively about its peoples and cultures. He has also written about issues in comparative religion, especially as concerns death rituals worldwide and throughout history.