| Introduction |
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vii | |
| Diagnostic Examination |
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3 | (18) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (11) |
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AP Score for the Diagnostic Exam |
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32 | (1) |
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Study Guide for the Diagnostic Test Multiple-Choice Questions |
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33 | (2) |
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THEME ONE: EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS |
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35 | (124) |
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35 | (14) |
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cumulative frequency plots |
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Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers |
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45 | (4) |
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Summarizing Distributions |
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49 | (34) |
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Measuring the center: median and mean |
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measuring spread: range, interquartile range, variance, and standard deviation |
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measuring position: simple ranking, percentile ranking, and z-score |
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histograms and measures of central tendency |
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histograms, z-scores, and percentile rankings |
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cumulative frequency and skewness |
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Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers |
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67 | (13) |
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Free-Response Questions and Answers |
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80 | (3) |
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83 | (16) |
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cumulative frequency plots |
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Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers |
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88 | (6) |
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Free-Response Questions and Answers |
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94 | (5) |
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99 | (44) |
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correlation and linearity |
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least squares regression line |
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outliers and influential points |
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transformations to achieve linearity |
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Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers |
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118 | (14) |
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Free-Response Questions and Answers |
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132 | (11) |
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Exploring Categorical Data: Frequency Tables |
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143 | (16) |
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Marginal frequencies for two-way tables |
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conditional relative frequencies and association |
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Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers |
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150 | (4) |
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Free-Response Questions and Answers |
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154 | (5) |
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THEME TWO: PLANNING A STUDY |
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159 | (48) |
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Overview of Methods of Data Collection |
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159 | (8) |
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Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers |
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162 | (5) |
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Planning and Conducting Surveys |
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167 | (18) |
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characteristics of a well-designed, well-conducted survey |
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sampling error: the variation inherent in a survey |
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sources of bias in surveys |
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Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers |
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173 | (7) |
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Free-Response Questions and Answers |
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180 | (5) |
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Planning and Conducting Experiments |
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185 | (22) |
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Experiments versus observational studies versus surveys |
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confounding, control groups, placebo effects, and blinding |
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treatments, experimental units, and randomization |
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completely randomized design for two treatments |
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randomized paired comparison design |
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replication, blocking, and generalizability of results |
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Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers |
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193 | (5) |
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Free-Response Questions and Answers |
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198 | (9) |
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207 | (112) |
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Probability as Relative Frequency |
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207 | (46) |
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addition rule, multiplication rule, conditional probabilities, and independence |
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multistage probability calculations |
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discrete random variables and their probability distributions |
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simulation of probability distributions, including binomial and geometric |
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mean (expected value) and standard deviation of a random variable, including binomial |
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Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers |
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227 | (17) |
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Free-Response Questions and Answers |
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244 | (9) |
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Combining Independent Random Variables |
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253 | (12) |
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Independence versus dependence |
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mean and standard deviation for sums and differences of independent random variables |
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Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers |
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259 | (3) |
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Free-Response Questions and Answers |
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262 | (3) |
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265 | (26) |
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Properties of the normal distribution |
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using tables of the normal distribution |
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the normal distribution as a model for measurement |
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commonly used probabilities and z-scores |
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finding means and standard deviations |
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normal approximation to the binomial |
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Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers |
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279 | (6) |
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Free-Response Questions and Answers |
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285 | (6) |
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291 | (28) |
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Sampling distribution of a sample proportion |
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sampling distribution of a sample mean |
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sampling distribution of a difference between two independent sample proportions |
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sampling distribution of a difference between two independent sample means |
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the chi-square distribution |
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Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers |
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306 | (8) |
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Free-Response Questions and Answers |
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314 | (5) |
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THEME FOUR: STATISTICAL INFERENCE |
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319 | (120) |
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319 | (36) |
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The meaning of a confidence interval |
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confidence interval for a proportion |
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confidence interval for a difference of two proportions |
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confidence interval for a mean |
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confidence interval for a difference between two means |
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confidence interval for the slope of a least squares regression line |
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Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers |
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338 | (11) |
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Free-Response Questions and Answers |
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349 | (6) |
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Tests of Significance-Proportions and Means |
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355 | (44) |
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Logic of significance testing, null and alternative hypotheses, P-values, one- and two-sided tests, Type I and Type II errors, and the concept of power |
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hypothesis test for a proportion |
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hypothesis test for a difference between two proportions |
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hypothesis test for a mean |
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hypothesis test for a difference between two means (unpaired and paired) |
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more on power and Type II errors |
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Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers |
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370 | (14) |
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Free-Response Questions and Answers |
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384 | (15) |
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Tests of Significance--- Chi-Square and Slope of Least Squares Line |
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399 | (40) |
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Chi-square test for goodness of fit |
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chi-square test for independence |
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chi-square test for homogeneity of proportions |
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hypothesis test for slope of least squares line |
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Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers |
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414 | (7) |
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Free-Response Questions and Answers |
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421 | (18) |
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439 | (140) |
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439 | (28) |
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452 | (1) |
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452 | (15) |
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467 | (28) |
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481 | (1) |
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481 | (14) |
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495 | (30) |
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511 | (1) |
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511 | (14) |
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525 | (26) |
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539 | (1) |
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539 | (12) |
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551 | (25) |
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566 | (1) |
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566 | (10) |
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Relating Multiple-Choice Problems to Review Book Topics |
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576 | (3) |
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579 | (16) |
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579 | (1) |
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580 | (3) |
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583 | (1) |
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Basic Uses of the TI-83/TI-84 |
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584 | (2) |
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586 | (3) |
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589 | (1) |
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Standard Normal Probabilities |
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590 | (2) |
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t-distribution Critical Values |
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592 | (1) |
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593 | (1) |
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594 | (1) |
| Index |
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595 | |
