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xii | |
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xv | |
About the Authors |
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viii | |
Foreword |
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xx | |
Preface |
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xxii | |
Notes on This Volume |
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xxv | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxviii | |
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1 Why Measurement Is Fundamental |
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1 | (17) |
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Children Can Construct Measures |
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3 | (2) |
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Interval Scales v. Ratio Scales: A Conceptual Explanation |
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5 | (1) |
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Statistics and/or Measurement |
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6 | (1) |
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Why Fundamental Measurement? |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (2) |
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The Rasch Model for Measurement |
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11 | (1) |
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A More Suitable Analogy for Measurement in the Human Sciences |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (3) |
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2 Important Principles of Measurement Made Explicit |
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18 | (13) |
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An Example: "By How Much?" |
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21 | (5) |
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Moving from Observations to Measures |
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26 | (2) |
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28 | (3) |
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3 Basic Principles of the Rasch Model |
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31 | (19) |
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31 | (10) |
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A Basic Framework for Measurement |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (4) |
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47 | (3) |
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4 Building a Set of Items for Measurement |
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50 | (19) |
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50 | (1) |
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Analyzing Dichotomous Data: The BLOT |
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51 | (1) |
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A Simple Rasch Summary: The Item Pathway |
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52 | (2) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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Comparing Persons and Items |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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Difficulty, Ability, and Fit |
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64 | (2) |
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The Theory--Practice Dialog |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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5 Invariance: A Crucial Property of Scientific Measurement |
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69 | (27) |
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Person and Item Invariance |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (2) |
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Invariance of Person Estimates across Tests: Concurrent Validity |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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Common-Person Linking: BLOT & PRTIII |
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82 | (5) |
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The Theory-Practice Dialog |
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87 | (1) |
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Measurement Invariance: Where It Really Matters |
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88 | (1) |
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Failures of Invariance: DIF |
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89 | (2) |
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Differential Rater Functioning |
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91 | (1) |
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DIF: Not Just a Problem, but an Opportunity |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (4) |
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6 Measurement Using Likert Scales |
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96 | (28) |
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The Rasch Model for Polytomous Data |
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97 | (3) |
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Analyzing Rating Scale Data: The Instrumental Attitude toward Self-Assessment |
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100 | (5) |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (13) |
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120 | (4) |
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7 The Partial Credit Rasch Model |
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124 | (21) |
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Clinical Interview Analysis: A Rasch-Inspired Breakthrough |
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128 | (1) |
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Scoring Interview Transcripts |
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129 | (3) |
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Partial Credit Model Results |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (3) |
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The Theory-Practice Dialog |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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Point--Measure Correlations |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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Dimensionality: Primary Components Factor Analysis of the Rasch Residuals |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (3) |
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8 Measuring Facets Beyond Ability and Difficulty |
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145 | (18) |
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A Basic Introduction to the Many-Facets Rasch Model |
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146 | (1) |
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Why Not Use Interrater Reliability? |
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147 | (1) |
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Relations among the Rasch Family of Models |
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148 | (1) |
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Data Specifications of the Many-Facets Rasch Model |
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149 | (1) |
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Rating Creativity of junior Scientists |
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150 | (2) |
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Many-Facets Analysis of Eighth-Grade Writing |
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152 | (6) |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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Rasch Measurement of Facets Beyond Rater Effects |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (3) |
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9 Making Measures, Setting Standards, and Rasch Regression |
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163 | (30) |
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Creating a Measure from Existing Data: The RMPFS (ZiYan, EdUHK) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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Physical Fitness Indicators |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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Seven Criteria to Investigate the Quality of Physical Fitness Indicators |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (2) |
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Optimising Response Categories |
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167 | (1) |
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Influence of Underfitting Persons on the RMPFS |
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167 | (1) |
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Properties of the RMPFS with Subsamples |
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168 | (1) |
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Age Dependent or Age Related? |
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168 | (1) |
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The Final Version of RMPFS |
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168 | (3) |
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Objective Standard Setting: The OSS Model (Gregory Stone, UToledo) |
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171 | (3) |
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174 | (1) |
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The Objective Standard Setting Models |
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175 | (1) |
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Objective Standard Setting for Dichotomous Examinations |
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175 | (4) |
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Objective Standard Setting for Judge-Mediated Examinations |
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179 | (2) |
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Fair Standards, Not Absolute Values |
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181 | (1) |
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Rasch Regression (Svetlana Beltyukova, UToledo) |
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182 | (1) |
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Predicting Physician Assistant Faculty Intention to Leave Academia |
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182 | (1) |
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Rasch Regression Using the Anchored Formulation |
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183 | (5) |
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Rasch Regression: Alternative Approaches |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (3) |
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10 The Rasch Model Applied across the Human Sciences |
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193 | (29) |
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Rasch Measurement in Health Sciences |
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193 | (3) |
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Optimising an Existing Instrument: The NIHSS and a Central Role for PC A |
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196 | (1) |
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Creating a Short Form of an Existing Instrument: The FSQ |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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Theory Guides Assessment Revisions: The PEP-S8 |
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198 | (1) |
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Applications in Education and Psychology |
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199 | (2) |
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Rasch Measures as Grist for the Analytical Mill |
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201 | (1) |
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Rasch Gain Calculations: Racking and Stacking |
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202 | (1) |
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Rasch Learning Gain Calculations: The CCI |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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Stacking Can Be Enough: UPAM |
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204 | (1) |
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Sub-Test Structure Informs Scoring Models |
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205 | (1) |
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Applications to Classroom Testing |
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206 | (6) |
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Can Rasch Measurement Help S.S. Stevens? |
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212 | (1) |
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Using Rasch Measures with Path Analysis (SEM Framework) |
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212 | (1) |
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Rasch Person Measures Used in a Partial Least Squares (PLS) Framework |
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213 | (2) |
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And Those Rasch Measurement SEs? |
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215 | (1) |
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Can We Really Combine SEM and Rasch Models? |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (4) |
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11 Rasch Modeling Applied: Rating Scale Design |
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222 | (16) |
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222 | (2) |
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Category Frequencies and Average Measures |
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224 | (1) |
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Thresholds and Category Fit |
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225 | (3) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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Guidelines for Collapsing Categories |
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229 | (3) |
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Problems with Negatively Worded Items |
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232 | (2) |
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The Invariance of the Measures across Groups |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (3) |
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12 Rasch Model Requirements: Model Fit and Unidimensionality |
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238 | (30) |
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Model Fit and Unidimensionality |
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238 | (1) |
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The Data, the Model, and the Residuals |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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Expectations of Variation |
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241 | (4) |
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Fit, Misfit, and Interpretation |
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245 | (6) |
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Fit: Issues for Resolution |
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251 | (1) |
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Misfit: A Fundamental Issue |
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252 | (3) |
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Principal Components Analysis of Rasch Residuals: The BLOT as an Exemplar |
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255 | (4) |
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One Dimension, Two Dimensions, Three Dimensions, More? |
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259 | (2) |
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261 | (1) |
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A Further Investigation: BLOT and PRTIII |
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262 | (2) |
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264 | (4) |
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268 | (25) |
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Additive Conjoint Measurement (ACM) |
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269 | (4) |
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True Score Theory, Latent Traits, and Item Response Theory |
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273 | (4) |
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WouldYou Like an Interval Scale with That? |
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277 | (2) |
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Model Assumptions and Measurement Requirements |
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279 | (2) |
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281 | (3) |
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The Rasch Model and Progress of Science |
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284 | (1) |
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Back to the Beginning and Back to the End |
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285 | (3) |
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288 | (5) |
Appendix A Getting Started |
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293 | (15) |
Appendix B Technical Aspects of the Rasch Model |
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308 | (10) |
Appendix C Going All the Way |
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318 | (13) |
Glossary |
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331 | (10) |
Author Index |
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341 | (4) |
Subject Index |
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345 | |