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Arbitration in India [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 624 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 24-Feb-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Kluwer Law International
  • ISBN-10: 9041182551
  • ISBN-13: 9789041182555
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Arbitration in IndiaPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 624 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 24-Feb-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Kluwer Law International
  • ISBN-10: 9041182551
  • ISBN-13: 9789041182555
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9789041182555.html

India has a long-standing tradition of dispute resolution through arbitration, with arbitral-type regulations going back to the eighteenth century. Today, amendments to the 1996 Indian Arbitration Act, a steady evolution of case law and new arbitral institutions position India’s vibrant system once more at the forefront of international commercial dispute resolution. In this handbook, over forty members of the international arbitration community in India and beyond offer authoritative perspectives and insights into topics on arbitration that matter in India. International arbitration practitioners, Indian practitioners, and scholars have combined efforts to produce a practical and informative guide on the subject.

Among numerous notable features, the contributors provide detailed analysis and description of such aspects of arbitration as the following, with a focus on the Indian context:

  • Indian application of the 1958 New York Convention;
  • law governing the merits of the dispute and awards;
  • investor-state dispute settlement;
  • drafting arbitration clauses for India-centric agreements;
  • managing costs and time;
  • rise of virtual arbitration and technology;
  • effect of public policy in light of extensive Indian jurisprudence; and
  • arbitration of claims relating to environmental damage.

Practical features include checklists for drafting arbitration clauses and a comparative chart of major commercial arbitration rules applicable to India. Also included is a comparative analysis of arbitral regimes in India, Singapore and England; chapters on the India Model Bilateral Investment Treaty and ISDS reforms; a special section on the enforcement of foreign awards; a section on the drafting of the award guided by leading arbitrators and stakeholders and a review of the new 2021 ICC Rules.

For foreign counsel and arbitrators with arbitrations in India, this complete and up-to-date analysis provides guidelines for practitioners, corporate counsel, and judges on considerations to be borne in mind with respect to arbitration with an Indian nexus and whilst seeking enforcement and execution of an arbitral award in India. It will prove an effective tool for students and others in understanding and navigating the particularities and peculiarities of India’s system of domestic and international commercial arbitration.

Editors vii
Contributors ix
Foreword xxxvii
Preface and Acknowledgements xxxix
Chapter 1 General Notes for Practitioners
1(14)
Ciccu Mukhopadhaya
Manavendra Mishra
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Pre-arbitration Preparation
2(2)
1.2.1 Identify Governing Law and Seat
2(1)
1.2.2 Ad Hoc or Institutional Arbitration
2(1)
1.2.3 Document Review and Strategy
3(1)
1.2.4 Need for Interim Relief from Courts under Section 9
3(1)
1.2.5 Interim Relief from Emergency Arbitrators
3(1)
1.2.6 Experts
3(1)
1.2.7 Choice of Arbitrator
3(1)
1.2.8 Limitation Period and Pre-arbitration Steps
4(1)
1.3 Notice of Arbitration
4(1)
1.4 Constitution of Tribunal
4(1)
1.5 Preliminary Meeting
5(1)
1.5.1 Witnesses
6(1)
1.5.2 Foreign Counsel
6(1)
1.6 Preparation for Initial Hearing/Pre-hearing Conference
6(2)
1.6.1 Reaching an Agreement with the Opposing Party
6(1)
1.6.2 Timelines and Procedure
7(1)
1.6.3 Logistics for Proceedings
7(1)
1.7 Drafting Submissions and Collecting Evidence
8(1)
1.8 Discovery and Rules of Evidence
8(1)
1.9 Hearing
9(2)
1.9.1 Opening Statement
9(1)
1.9.2 Cross-Examination
9(1)
1.9.2.1 Whether to Cross-Examine?
10(1)
1.9.2.2 Witness Conduct and Solutions
10(1)
1.9.2.3 Engaging with the Witness
11(1)
1.10 Written Submissions
11(1)
1.10.1 Developing the Case Theory
11(1)
1.10.2 General Rules for Written Advocacy
11(1)
1.10.3 Structure and Presentation
12(1)
1.10.4 Cost Submissions
12(1)
1.11 Second Chair
12(1)
1.12 Manoeuvring the Court System
13(1)
1.13 Conclusion
13(2)
Chapter 2 The Arbitration Agreement
15(34)
Dipen Sabharwal
2.1 Introduction
15(1)
2.2 Elements of an Arbitration Agreement
16(3)
2.2.1 Intention to Enter into an Arbitration Agreement
17(2)
2.3 Requirements for a Valid Arbitration Agreement under the 1996 Arbitration Act
19(1)
2.4 Forms of Arbitration Agreements: Section 7(2)
20(3)
2.4.1 Arbitration Clause in a Contract: Section 7(2)
20(1)
2.4.2 Separate Arbitration Agreement: Section 7(2)
20(1)
2.4.3 Arbitration Agreement by Incorporation: Section 7(5)
21(2)
2.5 An Arbitration Agreement Must Be in Writing: Section 7(3)
23(1)
2.6 Evidence That the Arbitration Agreement Is in Writing: Section 7(4)
24(2)
2.6.1 Document Signed by the Parties: Section 7(4)(a)
24(1)
2.6.2 Exchange of Letters and Other Communications: Section 7(4)(b)
25(1)
2.6.3 Exchange of Statements of Claim and Defence: Section 7(4)(c)
25(1)
2.7 Specific Types of Arbitration Agreements
26(1)
2.8 Asymmetrical Arbitration Clauses
26(2)
2.8.1 Valid Asymmetrical Clauses
27(1)
2.8.2 Invalid Asymmetrical Clauses
27(1)
2.9 Pathological Clauses
28(2)
2.10 Multi-tier Clauses
30(2)
2.11 Separability
32(1)
2.12 Arbitrability
33(4)
2.13 Inoperability of an Arbitration Agreement
37(1)
2.14 Uncertainty in the Arbitration Agreement
37(1)
2.15 Capacity of the Parties
37(1)
2.16 Parties to an Arbitration Agreement
38(1)
2.17 Natural Persons
38(1)
2.18 Companies
38(1)
2.19 Partnership Firms
38(1)
2.20 States and State Agencies
39(1)
2.21 Third Parties / Non-signatories to an Arbitration Agreement
39(5)
2.21.1 Pre-2015 Amendment
39(2)
2.21.2 Post-2015 Amendment
41(1)
2.21.3 Assignment
42(1)
2.21.4 Agency
42(1)
2.21.5 Subcontracts
42(1)
2.21.6 Transfer
43(1)
2.21.7 Multiparty Agreements
43(1)
2.21.7.1 Several Parties to One Contract
43(1)
2.21.7.2 Several Parties to Several Contracts
44(1)
2.22 Laws Applicable to International Arbitrations
44(1)
2.23 The Law Governing the Substantive Contract
45(1)
2.24 The Law Governing the Arbitration Procedure
45(1)
2.25 The Law Governing the Arbitration Agreement
45(1)
2.26 The Law of the Jurisdiction(s) Where the Award May Be Enforced
45(1)
2.27 Points to Note When Drafting an Arbitration Agreement
46(3)
Chapter 3 Multiparty and Multi-contract Arbitrations
49(24)
Vikas Mahendra
Pranav Budihal
3.1 Introduction
49(1)
3.2 Legal Framework
50(1)
3.3 Types of Multiparty and Multi-contract Situations
51(17)
3.3.1 Two Parties Governed by Multiple Contracts
51(5)
3.3.2 Multiple Parties to a Single contract
56(3)
3.3.3 Related Parties and Multiple Contracts
59(4)
3.3.4 Multiple Parties and Multiple Contracts
63(1)
3.3.4.1 Joinder of Non-signatories
64(1)
3.3.4.2 Consolidation of Disputes Arising under Different Agreements
65(2)
3.3.5 Coordination
67(1)
3.3.5.1 Appointment of a Common Tribunal
67(1)
3.3.5.2 Stay of Proceedings
68(1)
3.4 Setting Aside and Enforcement
68(3)
3.5 Conclusion
71(2)
Chapter 4 Constitution and Establishment of an Arbitral Tribunal
73(16)
Rahul Donde
Rishabh Raheja
4.1 Introduction
73(1)
4.2 Appointment of Arbitrators
74(9)
4.2.1 Number of Arbitrators
75(1)
4.2.2 Nationality of Arbitrators
75(1)
4.2.3 Qualifications of Arbitrators
76(1)
4.2.4 Procedure for Appointment
77(1)
4.2.4.1 Appointing Authority
78(1)
4.2.4.2 Circumstances of Involvement of an Appointing Authority
79(1)
4.2.4.3 Nature, Scope, and Extent of Involvement
80(2)
4.2.4.4 Appeal and Review
82(1)
4.3 Disclosures, Challenges, and Ineligibility
83(5)
4.3.1 Disclosures by Arbitrators
83(1)
4.3.1.1 Content of Disclosure
83(1)
4.3.1.2 Timing of Disclosures
84(1)
4.3.1.3 Failure to Disclose
84(1)
4.3.2 Challenges to Arbitrators
85(1)
4.3.2.1 Grounds of Challenge
85(1)
4.3.2.2 Challenge Procedure
86(1)
4.3.3 Ineligibility of Arbitrators
86(2)
4.4 Termination of Mandate and Substitution
88(1)
4.5 Conclusion
88(1)
Chapter 5 Jurisdiction of the Arbitral Tribunal
89(14)
Constantine Partasides
Manish Aggarwal
5.1 Introduction
89(1)
5.2 An Arbitral Tribunal's Competence-Competence
90(10)
5.2.1 Competence-Competence and Separability
90(1)
5.2.2 Allocation of Jurisdictional Competence Between Arbitral Tribunals and National Courts
91(1)
5.2.2.1 Referral to Arbitration
92(1)
5.2.2.1.1 Domestic Arbitrations: Section 8
92(2)
5.2.2.1.2 Foreign-Seated Arbitrations: Section 45
94(1)
5.2.2.2 Appointment of Arbitrators
94(3)
5.2.2.3 Anti-arbitration Injunctions
97(2)
5.2.2.4 Review of an Arbitral Tribunal's Jurisdictional Decision
99(1)
5.2.2.4.1 Review of Decision Rejecting Jurisdictional Objection(s)
99(1)
5.2.2.4.2 Review of Decision Accepting Jurisdictional Objection(s)
99(1)
5.3 Time Limits for the Exercise of a Tribunal's Mandate
100(2)
5.3.1 Time Limits Stipulated in Contracts
100(1)
5.3.2 Time Limits under the 1996 Arbitration Act
100(2)
5.4 Conclusion
102(1)
Chapter 6 The Laws Applicable to an Arbitration
103(20)
Nakul Dewan
6.1 Introduction
103(2)
6.2 Substantive Law of the Contract
105(5)
6.2.1 Indian Parties and Choice of Foreign Law
106(1)
6.2.2 International Arbitration and Public Policy Considerations
107(3)
6.3 Law of the Arbitration Agreement
110(5)
6.3.1 Separability of the Arbitration Agreement
111(1)
6.3.2 Closest Connection Test
112(3)
6.4 Lex Arbitri
115(6)
6.4.1 Choice of Seat and Lex Arbitri
116(1)
6.4.2 Choice of Seat and Venue
117(1)
6.4.3 Indian Parties and Choice of Foreign Seat
118(1)
6.4.4 Judicial Intervention by Indian Courts
119(2)
6.5 Conclusion
121(2)
Chapter 7 The Conduct of Arbitral Proceedings in India
123(22)
Martin Hunter
Shashank Garg
Simon Weber
7.1 Introduction
123(3)
7.1.1 Party Autonomy
124(2)
7.1.2 Failure to Comply with the Agreement of the Parties
126(1)
7.2 Fast Track Procedure
126(2)
7.2.1 Expedited Procedure
127(1)
7.3 Preliminary Steps
128(1)
7.4 Written Submissions
128(4)
7.4.1 Statement of Claim
129(1)
7.4.2 Statement of Defence
130(1)
7.4.3 Further Written Pleadings
131(1)
7.4.4 Extension of Time for Arbitral Proceedings and Making of Arbitral Award
131(1)
7.5 Collection of Evidence
132(6)
7.5.1 Admissibility, Relevance, Materiality and Weight of Any Evidence
133(1)
7.5.2 Forms of Evidence
134(1)
7.5.2.1 Documentary Evidence
134(1)
7.5.2.2 Witnesses of Fact
135(1)
7.5.2.3 Expert Evidence
135(1)
7.5.2.4 Site Inspections
136(1)
7.5.3 Court Assistance in Taking Evidence
136(2)
7.6 Hearings
138(2)
7.7 Proceedings after the Hearings
140(1)
7.8 A Warning: Pitfalls When Conducting Arbitration in India
141(4)
7.8.1 Failure to Comply with the Agreement of the Parties
141(1)
7.8.2 Failure to File the Statement of Claim
142(1)
7.8.3 Hearsay Evidence
142(1)
7.8.4 False Witness Statement
142(1)
7.8.5 Reopening the Proceedings after Closing
142(3)
Chapter 8 Interim Measures
145(28)
Promod Nair
Shivani Singhal
8.1 Introduction
145(4)
8.1.1 Scope of Application of the Arbitration Act
147(1)
8.1.2 Parliamentary Intervention with Respect to Arbitrations Seated Outside of India
148(1)
8.2 The Power of an Arbitral Tribunal to Order Interim Measures: Section 17
149(6)
8.2.1 Scope and Limits
149(1)
8.2.2 Interim Order under Section 17: Interim or Partial Awards
150(1)
8.2.3 Distinguishing Between Interim Orders and Interim Awards
151(1)
8.2.4 Measures Against Third Parties
152(1)
8.2.5 Appeals and Review
153(1)
8.2.6 Enforcement of Interim Measures
153(2)
8.3 The Power of a Court to Order Interim Measures: Section 9
155(18)
8.3.1 Competent Court
157(1)
8.3.2 Relevance of General Principles Governing Grant of Injunctions
157(1)
8.3.2.1 Safeguard of the Interests of the Petitioner
158(1)
8.3.2.2 The Preservation, Interim Custody or Sale of Goods
158(1)
8.3.2.3 Securing the Amount in Dispute
159(1)
8.3.2.4 The Detention, Preservation or Inspection of Any Property
160(1)
8.3.2.5 Interim Injunction or Appointment of a Receiver
160(1)
8.3.2.6 Any Other Necessary Interim Measure of Protection
161(1)
8.3.3 Taking into Account the Conduct of the Disputing Parties
161(1)
8.3.3.1 Ex Parte Orders
162(1)
8.3.3.2 Third Parties
163(1)
8.3.3.3 Limits Imposed by Institutional Rules on Indian Courts' Intervention
164(1)
8.3.4 Timing of the Application
165(1)
8.3.4.1 Before the Commencement of Arbitral Proceedings
165(1)
8.3.4.2 During an Arbitration
166(1)
8.3.4.3 After the Making of the Arbitral Award
167(2)
8.3.4.4 Appeal Against a Section 9 Interim Order
169(1)
8.3.5 Enforcement
170(3)
Chapter 9 Arbitral Awards in Indian Arbitrations
173(22)
Martin Hunter
Simon Weber
Sadyant Sasiprabhu
9.1 Introduction and Definition
173(2)
9.2 Effects of Arbitral Awards
175(3)
9.2.1 Finality -- Res Judicata
175(1)
9.2.2 Arbitral Tribunal Becomes Functus Officio
176(1)
9.2.3 Remedies Granted in Awards
177(1)
9.3 Type of Awards
178(7)
9.3.1 Interim Awards
179(1)
9.3.2 Partial Awards
180(1)
9.3.3 Fast Track Procedure Awards
181(1)
9.3.4 Emergency Awards
181(1)
9.3.5 Consent Award -- Award on Agreed Terms
182(1)
9.3.6 Final Award
183(1)
9.3.7 Additional Award
183(2)
9.4 Form Requirements of Arbitral Awards
185(4)
9.4.1 Introduction
185(1)
9.4.2 Form and Contents of Arbitral Award
185(1)
9.4.3 Interest
186(1)
9.4.4 Time Limits
186(1)
9.4.5 Stamp Duty and Registration: An Additional Requirement
187(2)
9.5 Enforceability
189(1)
9.6 Guidelines for the Drafting of an Arbitral Award
190(5)
9.6.1 Form of the Arbitral Award
190(1)
9.6.2 Substance of the Arbitral Award
191(1)
9.6.3 Dispositive Part of the Arbitral Award
192(1)
9.6.4 Institutional Support
193(1)
9.6.5 Due Process and Confidentiality
194(1)
Chapter 10 Challenge and Enforcement of Awards: The Brooding Omnipresence of Public Policy
195(40)
Darius Khambata
10.1 Introduction
195(2)
10.2 Common Law Arbitration: The 1899 Act
197(1)
10.3 Public Policy Before 1996
198(3)
10.3.1 Enforcement of Foreign Awards: Public Policy Rears Its Head
198(1)
10.3.2 Public Policy under the Domestic 1940 Act: Peripheral Yet Present
199(2)
10.4 The 1996 Act
201(3)
10.4.1 Public Policy under the 1996 Act
202(2)
10.5 Defining Public Policy
204(3)
10.5.1 The Narrow and the Broad View
205(2)
10.6 The Effect of Public Policy on Arbitration
207(16)
10.6.1 Public Policy and Foreign Awards
208(2)
10.6.2 The Early Years: Narrow View Prevailed for Challenges to Domestic Awards
210(1)
10.6.3 Saw Pipes: The Broad View Embraced for Part I Awards
211(2)
10.6.4 Patent Illegality and the Root of the Matter
213(1)
10.6.5 Saw Pipes Perpetuated
213(3)
10.6.6 Continuing Restrictions on Review
216(1)
10.6.7 The Pre-2015 Position under Section 34: Summarised in Associate Builders
217(2)
10.6.8 Wednesbury Rule as Part of Public Policy Review
219(2)
10.6.9 Perversity and Irrationality: A Trojan Horse
221(1)
10.6.10 Fraud, Corruption and Confidentiality
222(1)
10.7 Foreign Awards: Broad View Gets Extended to Enforcement, Later the Narrow View Is Restored
223(4)
10.8 2015 Amendment
227(3)
10.9 Application of the 2015 Amendment
230(1)
10.10 2019 Amendment
231(1)
10.11 Conclusion
232(3)
Chapter 11 Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign and Domestic Arbitral Awards: Role of National Courts
235(26)
Dushyant Dave
11.1 Preface
235(1)
11.2 Enforcement of Domestic Awards
236(11)
11.2.1 Evolution of Law
236(1)
11.2.1.1 1899 Arbitration Act
236(1)
11.2.1.2 1940 Arbitration Act
236(1)
11.2.1.3 1996 Arbitration Act
237(1)
11.2.1.3.1 Application and Scope
237(2)
11.2.1.3.2 Scheme and Implementation of the 1996 Arbitration Act
239(3)
11.2.1.4 2015 Amendment
242(4)
11.2.1.5 Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act, 2019 (2019 Amendment)
246(1)
11.3 Enforcement of Foreign Awards
247(10)
11.3.1 Evolution of law
247(1)
11.3.2 The 1937 Arbitration Act
247(1)
11.3.3 The 1961 Foreign Awards Act
248(3)
11.3.4 1996 Arbitration Act
251(6)
11.4 Conclusion
257(4)
11.4.1 Guidelines for Practitioners
257(1)
11.4.2 Guidelines for Judges and the Way Forward
258(3)
Chapter 12 The India Resolutions for the 1958 Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Awards
261(28)
Fali Nariman
Marike Paulsson
Supritha Suresh
12.1 Introduction
261(1)
12.2 A Preface: The Explanatory Note
262(6)
12.2.1 Sovereignty
262(1)
12.2.2 The Convention in the National Space: Is `Globalisation' a Myth?
263(1)
12.2.3 The Role of the National Courts
264(1)
12.2.4 The Convention in India
264(3)
12.2.5 The Background of the India Resolutions
267(1)
12.3 The India Resolutions
268(8)
12.3.1 Not to Apply Section 44(b) of the Act in a Formally Restrictive Manner
268(2)
12.3.2 To Apply the New York Convention (and Implementing Legislation) in Accordance with the Purposes of the Convention, Which Is Promoting the Effectiveness of International Arbitration and International Trade
270(1)
12.3.3 To Balance the Commercial Need for Valid Contracts with the Recognition That Confidence in Arbitration Requires Judicial Control of Misconduct
271(1)
12.3.4 To Adopt Good Faith as the Foundation of Interpretation
271(1)
12.3.5 To Enforce Arbitration Agreements (under Article II) in a Manner Consistent with the Needs and Practice of International Trade
272(1)
12.3.6 To Establish the Validity of the Arbitration Agreement on the Basis of the Parties' Mutual Intent
273(1)
12.3.7 To Avoid Excessive Formalism when Enforcing Awards (Article IV)
273(1)
12.3.8 To Interpret `Extra Evidence to Prove That the Award Is a Foreign Award' in the Manner of a Charming Betsy Alignment (Article IV)
274(1)
12.3.9 To Eschew a Review on the Merits (Article V)
274(1)
12.3.10 To Adopt A Narrow Conception of Public Policy -- `Ordre Public' -- in a Manner That Is Consistent with a Near-Universal Treaty Expressed in Five Official Languages (Article V(2))
275(1)
12.4 How Can Courts Apply the Resolutions?
276(1)
12.5 Overview of the Convention: Action I: Recognition of the Arbitration Agreement
277(4)
12.5.1 The Source -- Article II: Survival by Court Interpretation
277(1)
12.5.2 Questions and Issues Raised
278(2)
12.5.3 The Dialogue
280(1)
12.5.4 May Courts Rely on Section 7 as an Interpretative Tool for Article II (2)?
280(1)
12.6 Overview of the Convention: Action II: The Enforcement of the Award
281(8)
12.6.1 Article I
281(1)
12.6.2 Article III
282(1)
12.6.3 Article IV
283(1)
12.6.4 Article V
284(2)
12.6.5 Article VI
286(1)
12.6.6 Article VII
287(2)
Chapter 13 Investor-State Dispute Settlement and India
289(22)
Aditya Singh
13.1 Introduction
289(4)
13.1.1 The 1990s: The First Decade
290(1)
13.1.2 The 2000s: The Second Decade
290(1)
13.1.3 The 2010s: The Third Decade
291(2)
13.2 Model Bilateral Investment Treaty
293(8)
13.2.1 Coverage and Scope
293(1)
13.2.1.1 Definition of `Investment'
293(1)
13.2.1.2 Definition of `Investor'
294(1)
13.2.1.3 Causation
295(1)
13.2.2 Substantive Protections
295(1)
13.2.2.1 Most-Favoured Nation (MFN)
295(1)
13.2.2.2 Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET)
296(1)
13.2.2.3 Expropriation
297(1)
13.2.2.4 Full Protection and Security (FPS)
298(1)
13.2.3 Dispute Resolution
298(1)
13.2.4 Reactions to the 2016 Model BIT
298(3)
13.3 Cases Instituted by Foreign Investors Against India
301(1)
13.4 Cases Instituted by Indian investors
301(1)
13.5 Recent Developments
301(3)
13.5.1 Termination of BITs by India
301(1)
13.5.2 Joint Interpretative Statements / Joint Interpretative Notes
302(1)
13.5.3 New BITs Signed on the Basis of the 2016 Model BIT
302(1)
13.5.4 Investment Arbitration and Indian Courts
303(1)
13.6 Conclusion
304(3)
Annex A List of BIT Cases Brought by Foreign Investors Against India
307(3)
Annex B List of BIT Cases Brought by Indian Investors Against Foreign States
310(1)
Chapter 14 Drafting Arbitration Clauses for India-Centric Agreements
311(22)
Pallavi Shroff
14.1 Introduction
311(1)
14.2 Importance of Drafting an Arbitration Agreement and Indian Perspective
312(1)
14.3 Requirements of an Arbitration Agreement
313(5)
14.3.1 Definition of Arbitration Agreement
313(1)
14.3.2 The Arbitration Agreement May Be in the Form of a Clause in a Contract or Separate Agreement
313(1)
14.3.3 The Agreement Must Be in Writing
314(3)
14.3.4 Incorporation of Arbitration Clause in Another Document
317(1)
14.4 Essential Elements
318(11)
14.4.1 Scope of the Arbitration Clause
318(1)
14.4.2 Ad Hoc or Institutional Arbitration
319(1)
14.4.3 Seat of Arbitration
320(3)
14.4.4 Applicable Law
323(1)
14.4.5 Composition of an Arbitral Tribunal
324(1)
14.4.5.1 Appointment of Presiding Arbitrator by the Court in International Commercial Arbitration
325(1)
14.4.5.2 Appointment of Arbitrator under Contracts with Government Entities or Public Sector Undertakings
326(1)
14.4.5.3 Choice of Arbitrators
327(1)
14.4.6 Multi-tier Dispute Resolution Clauses
328(1)
14.4.7 Language of Arbitration
329(1)
14.5 Arbitrability
329(1)
14.6 Award of Interest
330(1)
14.7 Conclusion
330(3)
Chapter 15 Ongoing Efforts Towards Reforming the ISDS System: An Aide-Memoire of the System's Need Amidst Calls for Iconoclasm
333(34)
Marike Paulsson
George Pothan
Supritha Suresh
15.1 Introduction
333(5)
15.2 The Pushback: Recent State Conduct
338(4)
15.2.1 Trade and Investment Agreements
339(2)
15.2.2 Efforts to Improve the System: The Example of Transparency
341(1)
15.3 Ongoing Initiative at UNCITRAL Working Group-III
342(4)
15.3.1 Background
342(4)
15.4 Concerns
346(18)
15.4.1 Structural Reforms
347(1)
15.4.1.1 The MIC
347(7)
15.4.1.2 The AB
354(5)
15.4.2 Incremental Reforms
359(1)
15.4.2.1 Rosters
359(1)
15.4.2.2 Multilateral Advisory Centre
360(1)
15.4.2.3 Code of Conduct
360(2)
15.4.2.4 Third-Party Funding
362(1)
15.4.2.5 Prior Scrutiny of Awards
363(1)
15.4.2.6 Improving Arbitrator Selection
363(1)
15.4.2.7 Alternative Dispute Mechanisms
363(1)
15.4.2.8 Expedited Procedures
364(1)
15.4.2.9 Additional Case Management Tools
364(1)
15.4.2.10 Tracking the Discussion
364(1)
15.5 Conclusion
364(3)
Chapter 16 Managing Costs and Time in Arbitration
367(18)
Tejas Karia
16.1 Managing Costs and Time Prior to an Arbitration
367(4)
16.1.1 Using Bespoke Terms to Streamline the Arbitration Process
367(1)
16.1.2 Language
368(3)
16.2 After the Initiation of Arbitration
371(4)
16.2.1 Time Limits and Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal
371(1)
16.2.2 Internal Cost
371(2)
16.2.3 Calderbank Offer
373(2)
16.3 Evidence and Arguments
375(9)
16.3.1 Taking of Evidence
375(1)
16.3.2 Oral Arguments
376(1)
16.3.3 Videoconferencing
376(1)
16.3.3.1 Advantages of Videoconferencing
377(1)
16.3.3.2 Prerequisites to Conducting Videoconferencing
378(1)
16.3.3.3 Disadvantages of Videoconferencing
379(1)
16.3.4 Transcript
380(1)
16.3.5 Hot-Tubbing
381(1)
16.3.5.1 Nature and Scope
381(1)
16.3.5.2 Advantages of Hot-Tubbing
382(1)
16.3.5.3 Disadvantages of Hot-Tubbing
382(1)
16.3.6 Other Technological Tools and Techniques
383(1)
16.3.7 Reducing Time and Costs Before Indian Courts
384(1)
16.4 Conclusion
384(1)
Chapter 17 Arbitral Institutions
385(72)
James Menz
Katia Rener
Alexander G. Fessas
Abhinav Bhushan
Sherina Petit
Nosherwan Vakil
Cyril Shroff
Shaneen Parikh
Brooks Daly
Ashwita Ambast
Lim Seok Hui
Kevin Nash
17.1 DIS Rules
386(9)
James Menz
Katia Rener
17.1.1 Brief Introduction
386(1)
17.1.2 Key Rules Changes and Key Reasons for Choosing the DIS
386(1)
17.1.3 Drafting the (Institutional) Arbitration Agreement
387(1)
17.1.4 Institutional Supervision
387(1)
17.1.5 Arbitral Appointments: Procedure and Issues
388(1)
17.1.6 Conduct of Proceedings
389(1)
17.1.7 Costs Calculation
390(1)
17.1.8 Flowchart: For Quick Reference
391(1)
17.1.9 Mandatory Checklist
391(1)
17.1.9.1 Claimant
391(1)
17.1.9.2 Respondent
392(1)
17.1.9.3 Arbitral Tribunal
393(1)
17.1.9.4 Arbitration Proceedings
393(1)
17.1.9.5 Costs and Fees
394(1)
17.2 ICC Rules
395(11)
Alexander G. Fessas
Abhinav Bhushan
17.2.1 Introduction
395(1)
17.2.2 Key Changes and Key Reasons
395(1)
17.2.2.1 Emergency Arbitrator Rules
396(1)
17.2.2.2 Expedited Procedure Rules
396(2)
17.2.2.3 Other Changes
398(1)
17.2.2.3.1 Providing Reasons for Certain ICC Court Decisions
398(1)
17.2.2.3.2 Publication of the Awards, Names of Arbitrators, Counsels and Sector of Industry Involved
398(1)
17.2.2.3.3 Guidance Note on Conflict Disclosure
399(1)
17.2.2.3.4 Measures Aimed at Increasing Time- and Cost-Efficiency
399(1)
17.2.2.3.5 Expeditious Determination of Manifestly Unmeritorious Claims or Defences
399(1)
17.2.3 Drafting (Institution) Arbitration Agreement
399(1)
17.2.4 Arbitral Appointments Procedure and Issues
400(2)
17.2.5 Conduct of Proceedings/Institutional Supervision
402(1)
17.2.6 Award Scrutiny Process
403(1)
17.2.7 Costs Calculation
403(1)
17.2.8 Flowchart: For Quick Reference
404(1)
17.2.9 Conclusion
405(1)
17.3 LCIA Rules
406(10)
Sherina Petit
Nosherwan Vakil
17.3.1 Brief Introduction
406(1)
17.3.2 Key Changes Introduced by the 2014 and 2020 LCIA Rules
406(2)
17.3.3 Drafting an Institution Arbitration Agreement
408(1)
17.3.4 Institutional Supervision
409(1)
17.3.5 Arbitral Appointments, Procedure and Issues
409(1)
17.3.6 Conduct of Proceedings
410(2)
17.3.7 Costs Calculation
412(1)
17.3.8 Flowchart
413(1)
17.3.9 Mandatory Checklist
414(1)
17.3.9.1 Arbitration Clause
414(1)
17.3.9.2 Time-Bar
414(1)
17.3.9.3 Interim Measures
414(1)
17.3.9.4 Evidence
414(1)
17.3.9.5 ADR/Settlement
415(1)
17.4 MCIA Rules
416(13)
Cyril Shroff
Shaneen Parikh
17.4.1 Introduction
416(1)
17.4.2 Key Changes, Reasons and Features
417(1)
17.4.3 The Arbitration Agreement
418(1)
17.4.4 Arbitral Appointment Procedure and Issues
418(1)
17.4.4.1 Appointment of Arbitrators
418(1)
17.4.4.2 Challenge, Replacement and Appointment of Substitute Arbitrators
419(1)
17.4.4.3 Seat and Venue
420(1)
17.4.4.4 Applicable Law
420(1)
17.4.4.5 Consolidation Mechanism
421(1)
17.4.5 Conduct of Proceedings
421(1)
17.4.5.1 Commencement of Arbitration: Request and Response
421(1)
17.4.5.2 Jurisdiction
421(1)
17.4.5.3 Emergency Arbitrator
422(1)
17.4.5.4 Interim Relief
423(1)
17.4.5.5 Hearings and Proceedings
423(1)
17.4.5.6 Expedited Proceedings
424(1)
17.4.5.7 Orders and Awards
425(1)
17.4.5.8 Confidentiality
425(1)
17.4.6 Institutional Supervision
426(1)
17.4.7 Fees and Costs of Proceedings
426(2)
17.4.8 Flowchart: For Quick Reference
428(1)
17.5 PCA Rules
429(10)
Brooks W. Daly
Ashwita Ambast
17.5.1 Brief Introduction
429(1)
17.5.2 Key Changes and Key Reasons
430(1)
17.5.3 Drafting an Arbitration Agreement
430(1)
17.5.4 Institutional Supervision
431(1)
17.5.5 Arbitral Appointments Procedure and Issues
432(1)
17.5.6 Conduct of Proceedings
432(2)
17.5.7 Cost Calculation
434(2)
17.5.8 Flowchart
436(1)
17.5.9 Mandatory Checklist
437(2)
17.6 SIAC Rules
439(18)
Lim Seok Hui
Kevin Nash
17.6.1 Introduction
439(1)
17.6.2 Key Changes in the 2016 SIAC Rules
440(1)
17.6.2.1 Multi-contract Arbitration
440(1)
17.6.2.2 Joinder of Additional Parties
441(1)
17.6.2.3 Consolidation
441(1)
17.6.2.4 Early Dismissal of Claims and Defences
442(1)
17.6.2.5 Removal of Default Seat
442(1)
17.6.2.6 Reasoned Decision on Challenge to Arbitrators
442(1)
17.6.2.7 Order for Reimbursement of Costs by Non-paying Party
443(5)
17.6.3 Drafting SIAC Arbitration Agreements
448(1)
17.6.4 Institutional Supervision
449(1)
17.6.4.1 Commencement of Arbitration
450(1)
17.6.4.2 Appointment of Arbitrators
450(1)
17.6.4.3 Scrutiny of Awards
450(1)
17.6.4.4 Financial Management of the Arbitral Process
450(1)
17.6.5 Arbitral Appointments and Procedure
451(1)
17.6.5.1 Nomination of Arbitrators
451(1)
17.6.5.2 Appointment of a Sole Arbitrator
451(1)
17.6.5.3 Appointment of Three Arbitrators
452(1)
17.6.5.4 Emergency Arbitrator
452(1)
17.6.5.5 SIAC's Panel of Arbitrators
452(1)
17.6.5.6 Qualification of Arbitrators
453(1)
17.6.5.7 Hurdles in Making Arbitral Appointments
453(1)
17.6.6 Conduct of the Proceedings
453(1)
17.6.7 Calculation of Costs
454(1)
17.6.8 Chronology of an SIAC Arbitration
454(2)
17.6.9 SIAC Checklist
456(1)
Chapter 18 Arbitration of Claims Relating to Environmental Damage in India
457(10)
Karuna Nundy
18.1 Introduction
457(1)
18.2 Threshold Questions
458(4)
18.2.1 Scope of the Arbitration Clause
458(1)
18.2.2 Parties to the Arbitration Agreement
459(1)
18.2.2.1 The State
459(2)
18.2.2.2 Company/Firm
461(1)
18.3 Substantive Law
462(1)
18.4 Investment Treaty Disputes
462(2)
18.5 Enforcing the Award
464(1)
18.6 Conclusion
464(3)
Chapter 19 A Comparative Analysis of Arbitral Legislations: India, Singapore and England
467(22)
Ganesh Chandru
19.1 Introduction
468(1)
19.2 Appointment of Arbitrators
468(3)
19.3 Joinder and Consolidation
471(3)
19.4 Interim Measures
474(2)
19.5 Emergency Arbitrator
476(1)
19.6 Independence and Impartiality of Arbitrators
477(2)
19.7 Fast Track Procedure
479(1)
19.8 Costs
479(1)
19.9 Third-Party Funding
480(1)
19.10 Interest
481(1)
19.11 Time Limit for Making Awards
482(1)
19.12 Enforcement of Award/Recourse Against Arbitration Award
483(1)
19.12.1 Enforcement of Awards
483(1)
19.13 Recourse Against Award
484(3)
19.13.1 Setting Aside Awards/Resisting Enforcement of Foreign Awards
484(2)
19.13.2 Appeal Against Award
486(1)
19.14 Confidentiality
487(1)
19.15 Conclusion
488(1)
Appendices
489(66)
Appendix I The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (as amended by Amending Act No. 3 of 2016 (with effect from 23 October 2015) and Amending Act No. 33 of 2019 (with effect from 9 August 2019)
491(34)
Appendix II The Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Ordinance 2015, No. 9 of 2015
525(18)
Appendix III The Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act 2019, No. 33 of 2019
543(12)
Table of Cases 555(22)
Table of Awards 577(2)
Index 579