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Art And Science Of Managing Public Risks [Hardback]

(National Institute Of Advanced Studies, India), (National Institute Of Advanced Studies, India), (National Institute Of Advanced Studies, India)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 412 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 17-May-2022
  • Izdevniecība: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 9811254028
  • ISBN-13: 9789811254024
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 412 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 17-May-2022
  • Izdevniecība: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 9811254028
  • ISBN-13: 9789811254024
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

The Covid-19 And The Onslaught Of Climate Change Have Exposed The Fragility Of Our Lives And Ecosystem. Natural Disasters Like Asteroid Impact, Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Volcanic Eruptions, Floods, Cyclones, Etc., And Pandemics Like Plagues, Smallpox, Cholera, Tuberculosis, Malaria, Etc., Have Been Man'S Nemesis From The Beginning Of Time. This List Of Public Risks Has Now Expanded To Include Pollutions, Industrial Disasters, And Very Many New, Confusing And Emerging Technologies. How Have Governments Handled These Public Risks? How Have They Convinced People To Take Precautions Under Such Emergencies? What Measures Does One Take For Managing Them, And For The Rescue, Relief, And Rehabilitation Of The Masses? And Most Importantly, How Does One Prepare The Masses To Face The Risks Without Panicking? It Is Argued That Sermons, Dictates, And Discourses May Not Work In Democratic Societies. Rather, One Needs A New Breed Of Risk Communicators Who Can Enter Into A Dialogue With The People To Prepare Them For These Challenges And To Welcome Truly Beneficial New Technologies. The Book Takes A Panoramic View Of The Issue Of Risks And Illustrates The Challenges And Opportunities Of The Art And Science Of Managing Public Risks. It Celebrates The Indomitable Spirit Of Man, Who Has Leveraged Science To Predict — Where Possible, And Provide Solutions For Managing These Risks.

Foreword vii
Preface xiii
About the Authors xix
List of Figures
xxxi
List of Tables
xxxix
1 Prologue
1(6)
1.1 Relative Risks
3(1)
1.2 Calculated Risks
3(1)
1.3 Risk of Not Taking a Risk at the Right Time
4(1)
1.4 Public Risks
4(3)
2 Extreme Natural Events
7(56)
2.1 Asteroid Impact
9(2)
2.2 Volcanoes and Earthquakes
11(17)
2.2.1 Tectonic plates
12(2)
2.2.2 Volcanoes
14(1)
2.2.3 Pacific ring of fire
15(1)
2.2.4 Volcanoes of Iceland
16(2)
2.2.5 Earthquakes
18(1)
2.2.6 Some severe earthquakes around the world
19(3)
2.2.7 Earthquakes in the Himalayas
22(4)
2.2.8 Some of the deadly earthquakes in India
26(2)
2.3 Tsunamis
28(6)
2.3.1 Some major tsunami events
31(1)
2.3.2 The 1755 Great Lisbon earthquake and tsunami
31(1)
2.3.3 The 2004 Sumatra earthquake and tsunami, Indonesia
32(2)
2.3.4 The 2011 Fukushima disaster
34(1)
2.4 Floods
34(6)
2.5 Landslides
40(2)
2.6 Droughts and Forest Fires
42(4)
2.7 Locusts
46(5)
2.7.1 Control of locusts
49(2)
2.8 Cyclones
51(5)
2.9 Tornadoes
56(1)
2.10 Discussions
57(6)
References
59(4)
3 Infectious Diseases
63(90)
3.1 Plague
64(15)
3.1.1 The playout in Hong Kong
66(2)
3.1.2 The playout in Poona
68(3)
3.1.3 The legal fallout of the Rand-Ayerst assassination
71(1)
3.1.4 Science in the war against plague
72(2)
3.1.5 The 1994 Surat plague
74(1)
3.1.6 Waldemar Mordechai Wolff Haffkine
75(2)
3.1.7 Lessons from the history of tackling plague
77(2)
3.2 Smallpox
79(7)
3.2.1 Science in our war against smallpox: Development of vaccine for smallpox
81(3)
3.2.2 Eradication of smallpox
84(2)
3.3 Malaria
86(12)
3.3.1 Sir Ronald Ross and malaria
89(4)
3.3.2 The Panama Canal: An engineering miracle made possible by preventing malaria
93(2)
3.3.3 Recent developments in combating malaria
95(3)
3.4 Dengue
98(4)
3.4.1 Prevention and eradication of dengue
100(2)
3.5 Cholera
102(13)
3.5.1 How does cholera spread?
105(4)
3.5.2 Oral rehydration solution and oral rehydration therapy
109(2)
3.5.3 Spread of cholera in recent times
111(2)
3.5.4 Combating cholera
113(2)
3.6 Polio
115(9)
3.6.1 Polio in modern times
116(3)
3.6.2 Science in our war against polio: Vaccine for polio
119(1)
3.6.3 Polio eradication in India
120(2)
3.6.4 Opposition to polio vaccination
122(2)
3.7 Tuberculosis
124(6)
3.7.1 War on tuberculosis
125(2)
3.7.2 Vaccine for tuberculosis
127(2)
3.7.3 Incidences of tuberculosis
129(1)
3.8 Influenza
130(4)
3.8.1 Great Influenza pandemic of 1918--1920
131(2)
3.8.2 The 2009 influenza pandemic
133(1)
3.8.3 Vaccines against influenza
133(1)
3.9 COVID-19
134(13)
3.9.1 Development of vaccines for COVID-19
139(4)
3.9.2 Some initial mistakes
143(3)
3.9.3 Doctors and other frontline workers
146(1)
3.10 Discussions
147(6)
3.10.1 Lessons
148(1)
References
149(4)
4 Industrial Accidents
153(32)
4.1 Coal Mine Accidents
154(6)
4.1.1 Coal mine fires in China
157(1)
4.1.2 Jharia coal mine fire
158(2)
4.2 Oil Well and Natural Gas Pipeline Accidents
160(6)
4.2.1 Natural gas pipeline disasters
166(1)
4.3 Dam Failures
166(6)
4.3.1 Banqiao Dam, China
168(1)
4.3.2 Machchhu dam failure
169(1)
4.3.3 Italy's Vajont dam disaster
170(1)
4.3.4 Dams in The Himalayas
171(1)
4.4 Transport and Chemical Industry Accidents
172(2)
4.4.1 Road accidents
172(1)
4.4.2 Train accidents
172(1)
4.4.3 Ship accidents
173(1)
4.4.4 Aviation accidents
173(1)
4.4.5 Chemical industry accidents
174(1)
4.5 The Bhopal Gas Disaster
174(4)
4.5.1 Lessons from Bhopal
177(1)
4.6 Pesticides and Insecticides
178(2)
4.6.1 The DDT story
179(1)
4.6.2 The Endosulfan story
180(1)
4.6.3 Asbestos
180(1)
4.7 Nuclear Power Plant Accidents
180(3)
4.8 Discussions
183(2)
References
183(2)
5 New and Emerging Technologies
185(36)
5.1 X-Ray Radiography
188(1)
5.2 The Thalidomide Tragedy
188(1)
5.3 Airbus A-320
189(1)
5.4 Airships
189(1)
5.5 Mobile Phone Tower Radiations
190(1)
5.6 Internet
191(3)
5.6.1 Impact of the internet on education and research
192(1)
5.6.2 Is the internet risk-free?
193(1)
5.7 Artificial Intelligence
194(6)
5.7.1 Reasons for being on the guard
197(1)
5.7.2 More applications
198(1)
5.7.3 Virtual reality and augmented reality
198(2)
5.8 Genetic Engineering
200(4)
5.9 The Bt Brinjal Story
204(11)
5.9.1 Bt technology
206(1)
5.9.2 Genetic engineering
207(1)
5.9.3 Importance of refuse crops
208(4)
5.9.4 Bt brinjal in India
212(3)
5.10 GM Mustard
215(2)
5.11 Summary
217(4)
References
218(3)
6 Environmental Disasters
221(74)
6.1 Air Pollution
221(4)
6.2 Water Pollution
225(17)
6.2.1 The global water cycle
226(2)
6.2.2 The pollution of Ganga
228(6)
6.2.3 Sewage treatment plants
234(3)
6.2.4 Use of nuclear radiation to treat municipal sludge
237(5)
6.3 Land Degradation
242(5)
6.4 Municipal Waste
247(5)
6.5 E-waste
252(6)
6.6 Plastic Waste and Microplastics
258(14)
6.6.1 Pollutions due to plastics and microplastics
260(7)
6.6.2 Handling the plastic pollution
267(5)
6.7 Biomedical Waste
272(9)
6.7.1 Handling of biomedical waste in India
276(3)
6.7.2 The quantum of medical waste
279(2)
6.8 The Challenge of Global Climate Change
281(7)
6.8.1 Global climate changes
282(3)
6.8.2 Deforestation: The shrinking carbon dioxide sink
285(3)
6.9 Planetary Boundaries
288(3)
6.10 Summary
291(4)
References
292(3)
7 Managing Public Risks
295(30)
7.1 Natural Disasters
296(4)
7.1.1 Extreme weather events
296(4)
7.2 Earthquakes and Tsunamis
300(9)
7.2.1 Earthquake early-warning systems
302(3)
7.2.2 Triggered earthquakes
305(1)
7.2.3 Tsunami
305(4)
7.3 Infectious Diseases
309(1)
7.4 The COVID-19 Crisis
310(2)
7.4.1 Social security
310(1)
7.4.2 India in the global war against infectious diseases: Development of vaccines
311(1)
7.5 Industrial Disasters
312(1)
7.6 Fire Safety
313(1)
7.7 Post-Disaster Rescue and Relief
314(7)
7.7.1 Public participation in managing public risks
316(3)
7.7.2 Equity in managing public risks
319(2)
7.8 Outlook
321(4)
References
322(3)
8 The Way Forward
325(34)
8.1 Perceptions of Public Risks
327(2)
8.2 Managing Perceptions of Public Risks
329(6)
8.2.1 Frustratingly inadequate public response to climate change
330(2)
8.2.2 The promise of nuclear power
332(2)
8.2.3 International electricity grid
334(1)
8.3 Public Risk Communication
335(14)
8.3.1 Communication of science and technology
336(3)
8.3.2 Communication of public risks
339(1)
8.3.3 Cyclones
340(2)
8.3.4 Earthquakes and tsunamis
342(1)
8.3.5 Infectious diseases
343(1)
8.3.6 Unknown risks in case of new and emerging technologies
344(3)
8.3.7 Dialogues in place of discourses and debates in risk communication
347(2)
8.4 Information and Communication Technologies: New Challenges and Opportunities
349(6)
8.4.1 Engaging the young
353(2)
8.5 Summary
355(4)
References
356(3)
9 Epilogue
359(8)
Index 367