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Assessment of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Environmental Performance Track Program [Mīkstie vāki]

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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 134 pages, height x width x depth: 282x218x9 mm, weight: 385 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Jul-2010
  • Izdevniecība: RAND
  • ISBN-10: 0833049917
  • ISBN-13: 9780833049919
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Assessment of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Environmental Performance Track ProgramPalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 134 pages, height x width x depth: 282x218x9 mm, weight: 385 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Jul-2010
  • Izdevniecība: RAND
  • ISBN-10: 0833049917
  • ISBN-13: 9780833049919
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780833049919.html
Keywords:
This report addresses the conceptual basis, design, and implementation of the National Environmental Performance Track program. The voluntary program sought to encourage facilities to improve their environmental performance and provide a more collaborative relationship between facilities and regulators. While the program had mixed success, EPA should continue to seek out new approaches to complement and enhance traditional regulatory approaches.
Preface iii
Figures
ix
Tables
xi
Summary xiii
Acknowledgments xxi
Abbreviations xxiii
Chapter One Introduction
1(4)
Purpose
1(1)
Context for Assessing Performance Track
1(1)
Soliciation, Study Questions, and Scope
2(1)
Organization of This Report
3(2)
Chapter Two Voluntary Environmental Programs
5(6)
U.S. Environmental Policy and the Development of Voluntary Environmental Programs
5(3)
Academic Views on the Development of Voluntary Environmental Programs
8(1)
Early Experiences with Voluntary Programs
9(2)
Chapter Three An Overview of Performance Track
11(18)
The Creation of Performance Track
11(3)
Aiming for Excellence Recommended Creating a Performance Track
11(2)
Initial Announcement of Concepts for a Performance Track System
13(1)
EPA Announces Performance Track's Achievement Track but Defers Development of the Stewardship Track
13(1)
Program Philosophy
14(1)
Major Program Features
14(5)
Admission Criteria
14(4)
Member Benefits
18(1)
Environmental Improvement
19(1)
Major Program Activities
19(5)
Recruiting
20(1)
Marketing
21(1)
Knowledge Sharing
21(1)
Application Processing
21(1)
Site Visits
22(1)
Review and Processing of Annual Performance Reports
23(1)
Membership Trends
24(1)
Member Improvements
24(1)
Program Resources
25(1)
The Stewardship Track Evolved into the Corporate Leader Designation
26(1)
Program Termination
27(2)
Chapter Four Methodology
29(8)
Literature Review of Voluntary Programs
29(3)
The Challenge of Evaluating Voluntary Environmental Programs
29(1)
Research on the Effectiveness of Voluntary Programs Remains Inconclusive
30(1)
Previous Evaluations of Performance Track
31(1)
Performance Track Interviews and Information Collection
32(1)
Development of the Logic Model and Identification of Core Program Elements
32(2)
Stakeholder Interviews
34(2)
Pilot Interviews
34(1)
Individual Interviews
34(1)
Focus Groups
34(1)
Interviewee Confidentiality
35(1)
Characteristics of the Interviewed Population
35(1)
Analysis Framework
36(1)
Chapter Five Assessment of Performance Track's Concept and Design Phases
37(16)
An Expanding Academic Literature Explores Why Firms Join Voluntary Programs and Why They Might Improve the Environment
38(2)
Private-Sector Participation in Voluntary Programs Depends on the Relative Costs and Benefits of Participation
38(1)
Voluntary Programs Might Be Able to Improve Environmental Quality
39(1)
Concept Phase
40(2)
Recruiting and Screening
40(1)
Member Benefit Development and Delivery
40(1)
Facilitation of Environmental Improvement
41(1)
Findings
41(1)
Design Phase
42(11)
Recruting and Screening
42(1)
Member Benefit Development and Delivery
43(2)
Facilitation of Environmental Improvement
45(2)
Findings
47(6)
Chapter Six Assessment of Performance Track's Implementation Phase
53(18)
Recruiting and Screening
53(1)
Performance Track Rejected 16 Percent of Applicants, Removed 10 Percent of Members, and Had 7 Percent of Members Voluntarily Withdraw
54(1)
Several Stakeholders Believed That Some Members Violated the Compliance Criteria or Were Undeserving of Membership
55(1)
Some Stakeholders Found Performance Track's Marketing Messages to Be Inconsistent with Its Member Facilities
56(1)
Perceived Inconsistencies Began to Undermine Performance Track and Its Brand
56(1)
Member Benefit Development and Delivery
57(4)
Facilitation of Environmental Improvement
61(7)
Nearly 86 Percent of Goals Related to Reducing Waste, Energy Use, Material Use, Water Use, and Air Emissions
62(1)
After 2004, 80 Percent of Facility Goals Related to Significant Environmental Aspects
62(1)
Nearly 60 Percent of Facility Goals Related to Performance Track's C'ore Indicators
62(2)
Nearly 12 Percent of Facility Goals Set in 2008 Were Challenge Goals with Targets Set by EPA
64(1)
Most Facility Goals Were Met and Many Were Exceeded, Sometimes Significantly, but Some Facilities Performed Poorly
64(3)
Members Reported Changes in Corporate Culture That Increased Employee Engagement and Motivation to Improve Environmental Performance
67(1)
Findings
68(3)
Chapter Seven Cooperation with Other State and EPA Programs
71(6)
Developing and Delivering Regulatory Benefits
71(1)
Collaborating on Nonregulatory Matters
71(2)
Supporting and Collaborating with State Voluntary Programs
73(1)
Including States and Regional Offices in Program Activities
74(1)
Findings
74(3)
Chapter Eight The Role of Voluntary and Regulatory Programs in Accelerating Envionmental Improvements
77(6)
Practitioners Identified a Broad Range of Benefits That Performance Track and Voluntary Programs Offer Beyond Traditional Regulations
77(3)
Volutary Programs Are Widely Supported as a Supplement to Regulation
77(1)
Some Benefits Are Widely Supported, but Others Remain Controversial
78(1)
Stakeholders Differ on Whether Government or NGOs Should Run Voluntary Programs
79(1)
Members Experienced a Broad Range of Cultural Changes
79(1)
An Expanding Academic Literature Shows How Voluntary Programs Might Supplement Traditional Regulation
80(2)
Private-Sector Participation in Voluntary Programs Depends on the Relative Costs and Benefits of Participation
80(1)
Voluntary Programs Might Be Able to Improve Environmental Quality
81(1)
Research on the Effectiveness of Voluntary Programs Remains Inconclusive
81(1)
Findings
82(1)
Chapter Nine Findings, Conclusions, and Lessons Learned for Moving Forward with Voluntary Programs at EPA
83(10)
Were the Concepts on Which Performance Track Was Based Sound?
83(1)
Summary of Findings
83(1)
Conclusion
84(1)
Did the Program Design Reflect the Original Concepts?
84(1)
Summary of Findings
84(1)
Conclusion
85(1)
How Effective Was Performance Track at Implementing the Program Design?
85(2)
Summary of Findings
85(2)
Conclusion
87(1)
How Did Performance Track Work with Other State and Federal Environmental Programs?
87(1)
Summary of Findings
87(1)
Conclusion
88(1)
Did the Approach Represented by Performance Track Have a Role, in Tandem with Other Approaches, in Accelerating the Nation's Environmental Improvement?
88(1)
Summary of Findings
88(1)
Conclusion
89(1)
Lessons Learned for Moving Forward with Voluntary Programs at EPA
89(3)
Continue to Experiment with Voluntary Programs
89(1)
Promote Information Sharing and Networking Among Regulated Entities
89(1)
Strive for Program Concepts, Designs, and Expectations That Are Complete, Clear, and Understandable by All Stakeholder Groups
90(1)
Design Voluntary Programs that Are Tightly Focused
90(1)
Protect the EPA Brand
91(1)
Identify and Independently Evaluate Key Program Elements and Their Overall Effectiveness
91(1)
Continue to Experiment with Ways to Change Corporate Culture to Benefit the Environment
91(1)
Identify Innovative Ways to Enable Independent Validation of Environmental Performance
91(1)
Closing Thoughts
92(1)
APPENDIXES
A Semistructured Interview Questions
93(2)
B Discussion Guide for Focus Groups with Performance Track Members
95(2)
C Discussion Guide for Focus Group with EPA Regional Coordinators
97(4)
Bibliography 101