Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
About the Authors |
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xvii | |
Abbreviations |
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xix | |
Introduction |
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1 | (6) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (3) |
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6 | (1) |
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1 Overview of the Asset Recovery Process |
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7 | (22) |
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7 | (1) |
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1.2 General Process for Asset Recovery |
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7 | (4) |
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1.3 Legal Avenues for Achieving Asset Recovery |
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11 | (8) |
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1.4 Recovering Stolen Assets in the Context of Legal Actions Initiated by Foreign Jurisdictions |
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19 | (2) |
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1.5 Use of Asset Recovery Avenues in Practice: Three Case Examples |
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21 | (6) |
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27 | (2) |
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2 Strategic Considerations in Developing and Managing a Case |
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29 | (46) |
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29 | (1) |
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2.2 Gathering the Facts: Initial Sources of Information |
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29 | (7) |
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2.3 Assessing Legislation and Considering Legal Reforms |
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36 | (2) |
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2.4 Developing a Case Strategy |
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38 | (1) |
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2.5 Establishing a Team, Unit, or Task Force, and Conducting Joint Investigations with Foreign Authorities |
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39 | (6) |
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2.6 Establishing Contact with Foreign Counterparts and Assessing Ability to Obtain International Cooperation |
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45 | (2) |
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2.7 Securing Support and Adequate Resources |
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47 | (3) |
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2.8 Addressing Legal Issues and Obstacles |
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50 | (11) |
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2.9 Identifying All Liable Parties |
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61 | (1) |
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2.10 Specific Considerations in Criminal Cases |
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61 | (7) |
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68 | (3) |
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71 | (4) |
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3 Securing Evidence and Tracing Assets (1): Investigative Measures |
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75 | (36) |
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75 | (2) |
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3.2 Developing an Investigative Plan |
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77 | (6) |
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3.3 Creating a Subject Profile |
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83 | (1) |
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3.4 Obtaining Information, Financial Data, and Other Evidence |
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84 | (24) |
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108 | (3) |
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4 Securing Evidence and Tracing Assets (2): Relevant Data and Financial Documents |
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111 | (24) |
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111 | (1) |
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4.2 Identifying Relevant Data: Examples from Commonly Sourced Documents |
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111 | (15) |
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4.3 Organizing Data: Creating a Financial Profile |
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126 | (4) |
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4.4 Analyzing Data: Comparing the Flows with the Financial Profile |
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130 | (1) |
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4.5 Garnering International Cooperation |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (3) |
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135 | (26) |
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135 | (1) |
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5.2 Terminology: Seizure and Restraint |
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136 | (1) |
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5.3 Provisional Order Requirements |
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136 | (11) |
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5.4 Pre-Restraint or Pre-Seizure Planning |
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147 | (6) |
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5.5 Timing of Provisional Measures |
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153 | (2) |
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5.6 Exceptions to Restraint Orders for Payment of Expenses |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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5.8 Third-Party Interests |
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156 | (2) |
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5.9 Alternatives to Provisional Measures |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (3) |
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6 Managing Assets Subject to Confiscation |
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161 | (20) |
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161 | (1) |
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6.2 Key Players in Asset Management |
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162 | (3) |
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6.3 Powers of the Asset Manager |
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165 | (2) |
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6.4 Recording Inventory and Reporting |
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167 | (1) |
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6.5 Common Types of Assets and Associated Problems |
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168 | (7) |
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6.6 Ongoing Management Issues |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (1) |
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6.8 Liquidation (Sale) of Assets |
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177 | (1) |
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6.9 Fees Payable to Asset Managers |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (3) |
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7 Mechanisms for Confiscation |
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181 | (34) |
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181 | (4) |
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185 | (6) |
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7.3 How Confiscation Works |
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191 | (10) |
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7.4 Confiscation Enhancements |
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201 | (6) |
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7.5 Third-Party Interests |
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207 | (1) |
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7.6 Legal Challenges to Consider When Enacting Confiscation Legislation |
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208 | (2) |
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7.7 Confiscation of Assets Located in Foreign Jurisdictions |
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210 | (1) |
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7.8 Recovery through Confiscation for the Victims of Crime |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (3) |
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8 Key Principles of International Cooperation in Asset Recovery and Informal Channels of Cooperation |
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215 | (28) |
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215 | (2) |
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8.2 Comparative Overview of Informal Assistance and Mutual Legal Assistance Requests |
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217 | (2) |
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8.3 Key Considerations for International Cooperation |
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219 | (10) |
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8.4 Overall Process for Informal and Formal International Cooperation |
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229 | (1) |
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8.5 Channels for Informal Assistance |
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230 | (11) |
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241 | (2) |
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9 Conducting International Cooperation and Mutual Legal Assistance |
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243 | (32) |
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243 | (1) |
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9.2 Mutual Legal Assistance Requests |
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243 | (23) |
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9.3 Cooperation in Cases of Confiscation without a Conviction |
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266 | (2) |
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9.4 Cooperation in Civil Recovery (Private Law) Cases |
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268 | (1) |
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9.5 Cooperation in Asset Return |
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268 | (3) |
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271 | (4) |
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275 | (32) |
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10.1 Introductory Remarks |
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275 | (1) |
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10.2 Potential Claims and Remedies |
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276 | (18) |
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10.3 Bringing a Civil Action to Recover Assets |
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294 | (7) |
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301 | (1) |
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10.5 Formal Insolvency Processes |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (3) |
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11 Domestic Confiscation Proceedings Undertaken in Foreign Jurisdictions |
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307 | (18) |
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11.1 Introductory Remarks |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (5) |
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11.3 Procedure for Beginning an Action |
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313 | (1) |
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11.4 Role of the Jurisdiction Harmed by Corruption Offenses in Foreign Investigations and Prosecution |
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313 | (4) |
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11.5 Ensuring Recovery of Assets from the Foreign Jurisdiction |
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317 | (6) |
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323 | (2) |
Glossary |
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325 | (6) |
Appendix A Offenses to Consider in Criminal Prosecution |
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331 | (8) |
Appendix B Explanation of Selected Corporate Vehicles and Business Terms |
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339 | (6) |
Appendix C Sample Financial Intelligence Unit Report |
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345 | (4) |
Appendix D Planning the Execution of a Search and Seizure Warrant |
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349 | (2) |
Appendix E Sample Document Production Order for Financial Institutions |
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351 | (6) |
Appendix F Serial and Cover Payment Methods in Electronic Funds Transfers |
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357 | (6) |
Appendix G Sample Financial Profile Form |
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363 | (22) |
Appendix H Possible Discussion Points with Contacts--Informal Assistance Stage |
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385 | (2) |
Appendix I Mutual Legal Assistance Template and Drafting Tips |
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387 | (6) |
Appendix J Web Resources |
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393 | (14) |
Appendix K Overview of Lausanne Guidelines |
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407 | (4) |
Appendix L Utilizing an Electronic Case Management System to Improve Management of Complex Investigations |
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411 | |