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E-grāmata: Astrophysics at Very High Energies: Saas-Fee Advanced Course 40. Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy

  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : Saas-Fee Advanced Course 40
  • Izdošanas datums: 04-Apr-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642361340
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : Saas-Fee Advanced Course 40
  • Izdošanas datums: 04-Apr-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642361340

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With the success of Cherenkov Astronomy and more recently with the launch of NASAs Fermi mission, very-high-energy astrophysics has undergone a revolution in the last years. This book provides three comprehensive and up-to-date reviews of the recent advances in gamma-ray astrophysics and of multi-messenger astronomy. Felix Aharonian and Charles Dermer address our current knowledge on the sources of GeV and TeV photons, gleaned from the precise measurements made by the new instrumentation. Lars Bergström presents the challenges and prospects of astro-particle physics with a particular emphasis on the detection of dark matter candidates. The topics covered by the 40th Saas-Fee Course present the capabilities of current instrumentation and the physics at play in sources of very-high-energy radiation to students and researchers alike. This book will encourage and prepare readers for using space and ground-based gamma-ray observatories, as well as neutrino and other multi-messenger detectors.
Gamma Rays at Very High Energies
3(122)
Felix Aharonian
1 Introduction
3(1)
1.1 Status of Observational Gamma Ray Astronomy
4(3)
1.2 Links to Other Disciplines
7(3)
2 Astrophysical Potential of Ground-Based Detectors
10(4)
2.1 IACT Arrays
14(1)
2.2 Potential of EAS Arrays
15(2)
2.3 Future IACT Arrays
17(5)
3 Radiation Mechanisms
22(1)
3.1 General Comments
22(6)
3.2 Brief Overview of Important Processes
28(22)
4 SNRs and Origin of Galactic Cosmic Rays
50(1)
4.1 Gamma-Ray Signatures of SNRs
51(3)
5 TeV Emission of Young SNRs
54(1)
5.1 RX J1713.7-3946: An Atypical SNR
54(2)
5.2 SN1006, Tycho and Cas A
56(4)
5.3 Radiation Signatures of Proton PeVatrons
60(3)
5.4 Expectations from Future Studies
63(3)
6 Galactic Center
66(1)
6.1 Sgr A
66(3)
6.2 Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission from the Central 10 pc Region
69(8)
7 Pulsars, Pulsar Winds, Pulsar Wind Nebulae
77(1)
7.1 Radiation of Pulsar Magnetospheres
77(2)
7.2 Radiation of Pulsar Winds
79(2)
7.3 Pulsar Wind Nebulae
81(15)
8 Gamma-Ray Loud Binaries
96(1)
8.1 Microquasars: Not yet Proved TeV Emitters
97(1)
8.2 Binary Pulsars
98(5)
8.3 Enigmatic TeV Binaries
103(5)
9 Summary
108(3)
References
111(14)
Multi-Messenger Astronomy and Dark Matter
125(102)
Lars Bergstrom
1 Preamble
125(2)
2 The Particle Universe: Introduction
127(1)
2.1 Introduction
127(2)
2.2 Basic Assumptions
129(1)
2.3 Energy and Pressure
130(1)
2.4 Contributions to Vacuum Energy
131(3)
2.5 Summary of Observations
134(1)
3 Relic Density of Particles
135(7)
3.1 Coannihilations
142(2)
3.2 Inflation
144(4)
4 Basic Cross Sections for Neutrinos and γ-Rays
148(1)
4.1 Estimates of Cross Sections
149(3)
4.2 Examples of Cross Section Calculations
152(1)
4.3 Definition of the Cross Section
152(2)
4.4 The γγee System
154(4)
4.5 Processes Involving Hadrons
158(2)
4.6 Neutrinos
160(2)
4.7 Neutrino Interactions
162(3)
4.8 Atmospheric Neutrinos
165(1)
4.9 Neutrinos as Tracers of Particle Acceleration
166(1)
4.10 AMANDA, IceCube and Direct Detection of WIMPs
167(1)
4.11 Water and Ice Cherenkov Telescopes
168(1)
5 Supersymmetric Dark Matter
169(1)
5.1 Supersymmetric Dark Matter Particles
170(2)
5.2 Higgs and Supersymmetry
172(1)
5.3 The Neutralino Sector
173(1)
5.4 Experimental Limits
174(1)
5.5 Supersymmetry Breaking
175(1)
5.6 Other Supersymmetric Candidates
176(1)
6 Detection Methods for Neutralino Dark Matter
176(4)
6.1 Indirect Searches
180(1)
6.2 Indirect Detection by γ-Rays from the Halo
181(8)
6.3 Antimatter Detection of Dark Matter
189(4)
7 Particular Dark Matter Candidates
193(1)
7.1 WIMP Models
193(1)
7.2 Dark Stars
194(1)
7.3 Inelastic Dark Matter
194(1)
7.4 Dynamical Dark Matter
194(1)
7.5 Leptophilic Dark Matter
194(1)
7.6 Supersymmetric Models Beyond the MSSM
194(1)
7.7 Asymmetric Dark Matter
195(1)
7.8 Kaluza-Klein Models
195(1)
7.9 Inert Higgs Doublet
195(1)
7.10 Non-WIMP Models
195(1)
7.11 The Axion
196(1)
8 Dark Matter Detection: Status
196(4)
9 A Detailed Calculation: The Saas-Fee WIMP
200(2)
9.1 The Flux in a Smooth Universe
202(2)
9.2 Including Effects of Cosmic Structure
204(2)
9.3 The Saas-Fee WIMP
206(1)
10 Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter?
207(1)
10.1 Primordial Black Holes
207(2)
10.2 Hawking Radiation
209(1)
10.3 Thermodynamics of Black Holes
209(1)
10.4 Formation of Primordial Back Holes
210(2)
11 Gravitational Waves
212(1)
11.1 The Gauge Choice for Electromagnetism
212(1)
11.2 Gauge Choice for the Metric Perturbation
213(1)
11.3 Solutions to the Wave Equation
213(4)
12 Conclusions
217(1)
References
217(10)
Sources of GeV Photons and the Fermi Results
227(130)
Charles D. Dermer
1 GeV Instrumentation and the GeV Sky with the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope
229(1)
1.1 Historical Introduction
229(5)
1.2 Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope
234(4)
1.3 Energy, Flux, and Luminosity
238(4)
1.4 Limits to the Extreme Universe
242(1)
2 Fermi Gamma-Ray Source Catalogs and Fermi Pulsars
242(1)
2.1 First Fermi Catalog of Gamma-Ray Sources: 1FGL
243(2)
2.2 Second Fermi Catalog of Gamma-Ray Sources: 2FGL
245(1)
2.3 Fermi Pulsars
246(8)
3 Fermi AGN Catalogs
254(1)
3.1 LAT Bright AGN Sample (LBAS) and First LAT AGN Catalog (1LAC)
255(1)
3.2 Classification of Radio-Emitting AGNs and Unification
256(2)
3.3 Properties of Fermi AGNs
258(4)
3.4 Second LAT AGN Catalog (2LAC)
262(1)
4 Relativistic Jet Physics
263(1)
4.1 GeV Spectral Break in LSP Blazars
264(4)
4.2 Leptonic Jet Models
268(4)
4.3 Hadronic Jet Models
272(9)
4.4 Cascade Halos and the Intergalactic Magnetic Field (IGMF)
281(9)
5 γ Rays from Cosmic Rays in the Galaxy
290(1)
5.1 γ Rays from Solar System Objects
291(3)
5.2 GeV Photons from Cosmic Rays
294(4)
5.3 Fermi Bubbles
298(1)
5.4 γ-Ray Supernova Remnants
299(5)
5.5 Nonrelativistic Shock Acceleration of Electrons
304(4)
6 γ Rays from Star-Forming Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies, and the Diffuse Extragalactic γ-Ray Background
308(1)
6.1 γ Rays from Star-Forming Galaxies
308(2)
6.2 γ Rays from Clusters of Galaxies
310(1)
6.3 Extragalactic γ-Ray Background and Populations
311(2)
7 Microquasars, Radio Galaxies, and the EBL
313(1)
7.1 γ-Ray Binaries
313(4)
7.2 Misaligned Blazars and Radio Galaxies
317(2)
7.3 The EBL
319(3)
8 Fermi Observations of Gamma Ray Bursts
322(1)
8.1 Fermi LAT Observations of GRBs
322(3)
8.2 GRB Luminosity Function
325(11)
8.3 Closure Relations
336(1)
9 Fermi Acceleration, Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays, and Black Holes
337(1)
9.1 Maximum Particle and Synchrotron Photon Energy
337(1)
9.2 L-Γ Diagram
338(1)
9.3 Luminosity Density of Extragalactic γ-Ray Jet Sources
339(1)
9.4 Origin of UHECRs
340(1)
9.5 Black Holes, Jets, and the Extreme Universe
341(7)
References
348(9)
Index 357
Felix Aharonian is Professor of Astrophysics, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin Ireland, and Head of High Energy Astrophysics Theory Group, Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany. He is Member of several high-energy astrophysics collaborations and working groups.

Lars Bergström is professor in theoretical physics in the  Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Sweden. Together with Ariel Goobar he is author of the successful book Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics.

Dr. Charles Dermer is a researcher in the HIGH ENERGY SPACE RADIATIONS department of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA. He is co-author of the book High Energy Radiation from Black Holes, by Charles D. Dermer and Govind Menon.