Atjaunināt sīkdatņu piekrišanu

Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics: An Introductory Text, Volume 2 [Hardback]

(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, U.S.A.), (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, U.S.A.)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 344 pages, height x width: 260x183 mm, Illustrations, unspecified
  • Sērija : International Geophysics 2
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Apr-2000
  • Izdevniecība: American Geophysical Union
  • ISBN-10: 0875908578
  • ISBN-13: 9780875908571
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Hardback
  • Cena: 79,21 €*
  • * Šī grāmata vairs netiek publicēta. Jums tiks paziņota lietotas grāmatas cena
  • Šī grāmata vairs netiek publicēta. Jums tiks paziņota lietotas grāmatas cena.
  • Daudzums:
  • Ielikt grozā
  • Pievienot vēlmju sarakstam
  • Bibliotēkām
Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics: An Introductory Text, Volume 2Palielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 344 pages, height x width: 260x183 mm, Illustrations, unspecified
  • Sērija : International Geophysics 2
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Apr-2000
  • Izdevniecība: American Geophysical Union
  • ISBN-10: 0875908578
  • ISBN-13: 9780875908571
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780875908571.html
Keywords:
A reprint of the 1961 volume surveying the broad field of auroral and airglow research including past contributions to the field and principal historical works. If any reader has contemplated twilight or daybreak and seriously wanted to understand it in scientific terms, this is the resource of a lifetime mathematically and otherwise detailing radiation in spectral lines, radiation scattering in finite atmospheres, magnetic fields, charged particles, the occurrence of aurorae in space and time, spectroscopy and photometry, the radio-aurora, auroral particles in space, theories of twilight , day airglow, and the excitation of the nightglow. Eight appendices provide physical details and additional study resources. Includes photographs, charts, and diagrams. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
Radiation in Spectral Lines
Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium
1(6)
Maxwellian Distribution of Velocities
Spectroscopic Nomenclature
Boltzmann Excitation Equation
Doppler Line Broadening
The Classical Theory of Spectral Lines
7(6)
Classical Theory of Line Emission
Classical Theory of Line Absorption
Quantum Concepts of Spectral Lines
13(7)
Transition Probabilities
Line Strengths
f-values
Line Profiles
Molecular Bands
20(7)
Intensities of Electronic and Vibrational Bands
Intensities of Rotational Lines
Excitation and Ionization Processes
27(7)
Radiative Excitation, Ionization, and Recombination
Particle Collisions and Photochemical Reactions
Scattering of Radiation in Finite Atmospheres
Introduction
34(4)
Transfer Problems in the Physics of the Atmosphere
Definitions and Terminology
Equation of Radiative Transfer
38(3)
Applications of the Transfer Equation to Photometry
41(8)
Photometric Observations of Aurorae
Photometric Observations of the Airglow
The X- and Y-Functions in Problems of Radiative Transfer
49(6)
Formulation of the Transfer-Problem with the Principles of Invariance
Solution for the S- and T-functions
Correction of Photometric Observations of the Airglow for Tropospheric Scattering
55(8)
Exact Solution for a Plane-Parallel Emitting Layer and Isotropic Scattering
Solution with Rayleigh Scattering
Magnetic Fields, Charged Particles, and the Upper Atmosphere
The Geomagnetic Field
63(10)
The Main Field
Magnetic Variations
Motions of Charged Particles in Electric and Magnetic Fields
73(7)
Uniform Magnetic Field
Uniform Electric and Magnetic Fields
Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field
Constancy of the Magnetic Moment: Adiabatic Invariance
Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in an Ionized Atmosphere
80(4)
Maxwell's Equations
Propagation in the Absence of a Magnetic Field
The Ionosphere
84(5)
A Chapman Layer
Recombination Processes and Ion Formation in the Atmosphere
Model Atmospheres
89(11)
Basic Theory of Atmospheric Structure
Relative Abundances of the Major Constituents
Temperature Structure of the Atmosphere
Occurrence of Aurorae in Space and Time
Geographic Distribution and Periodic Variations
100(16)
Recording Auroral Occurrence and Appearance
Dependence on Geomagnetic Latitude: The Auroral Zones
Periodic Variations
Characteristics of Auroral Displays
116(22)
Appearance
Height and Vertical Extent
Orientations in Space
Auroral Activity
Synoptic View of Aurora
Aurorae and Related Phenomena
138(13)
Geomagnetic Activity and Earth Currents
Auroral Proton Bombardment
X-Radiation
Ionospheric Disturbances
Radio Emission
Cosmic Rays
Miscellaneous Terrestrial Effects Related to Aurora
Solar Phenomena
Auroral Spectroscopy and Photometry
Spectral Identifications
151(45)
An Atlas of the Auroral Spectrum
Forbidden Atomic Lines
Permitted Atomic Lines
Molecular Band Systems
Spectral Photometry of Aurora
196(21)
Absolute Brightness of Spectral Features
Latitude and Height Variations in the Composition of the Spectrum
Spectral Variations with Type of Aurora; Variations in the Hydrogen Emission
Rapid Fluctuations and Intensity Correlations
Polarization of Spectral Lines
Hydrogen-Line Profiles
Rotational and Doppler Temperatures
Vibrational Distributions
The Radio-Aurora
Observed Characteristics
217(15)
Introduction: The Distinction between Aurora and Radio-Aurora
Types of Radar and Bistatic Echoes
Location of Radio-Aurorae
Periodic Variations
Apparent Motions of Auroral Ionization
Polarization
Aspect Sensitivity and Echo Strength
Relation to Other Phenomena
Theory of Auroral Reflections
232(12)
Geometry of Reflections
Critical and Partial Reflections from a Large Surface
Scattering by Small-Scale Inhomogeneities in the Ionization
Comparison of Reflection Mechanisms
Physical Processes in the Auroral Atmosphere
Proton Bombardment
244(25)
Statistical Equilibrium for Hydrogen
The Role of Protons in Producing Aurora
Hydrogen-Line Profiles and the Spectrum of Proton Energies
Electron Bombardment
269(23)
Bremsstrahlung X-Rays: Detection of Primary Electrons
Cerenkov Radiation at Radio Frequencies
Gyro Radiation
Properties of Primary Electrons and Their Energy Deposition in the Atmosphere
Atmospheric Electrons
292(16)
Secondary Electrons from Particle Bombardment
Other Mechanisms for Producing Energetic Atmospheric Electrons
Radio Emission
Theory of the Auroral Spectrum
308(13)
Fast Particle Impact
Thermal Collisions
Radiative Excitation
Auroral Particles in Space
Interplanetary Space
321(5)
Properties of the Interplanetary Gas
Transmission of Geophysical Disturbances and their Interaction with the Terrestrial Field
Auroral Particles in the Geomagnetic Field
326(19)
Detection and Artificial Production of Charged Particles
Questions Concerning the Geographic Location of Particle Bombardment
Questions Concerning the Energy Spectra and Angular Distribution of Auroral Particles
The Airglow Spectrum
Nightglow
345(31)
On the Distinction Between the Airglow and Aurora
Historical Summary of Early Work
The Ultraviolet and Blue Spectrum
The Green, Red, and Infrared Spectrum
Twilight and Day Airglow
376(18)
N2+ First Negative Bands
Na D Lines
[ OI]21 Red Lines
Other Twilight Emissions
The Dayglow
Analysis of Twilight Observations for Emission Heights
Apparent Heights zs: The Shadow of the Solid Earth
394(10)
General Solutions for the Apparent Height
Solutions for the Vertical Plane Through the Sun
Approximate Solution for Horizon Observations
Computation of the Angle of Solar Depression and Solar Azimuth
Time of Sunset at a Particular Height and Direction from the Observer
Height Measurements with Atmospheric Screening
404(9)
Actual Shadow Height z0, for a Known Screening Height h0
The Zenith-Horizon Method of Height Determinations
Calculation of Transmission Function and Screening Height
Height and Vertical Distribution of Observed Emissions
413(9)
Ionized Nitrogen Bands
Sodium D Lines
Oxygen Red Lines
Theory of the Twilight and Day Airglow
Resonance Scattering and Fluorescence for an Optically Thin Layer
422(15)
Scattered Intensity with Allowance for Deactivation
Polarization of Resonance Radiation
Excitation of N2+ First Negative Bands
437(7)
Excitation Mechanisms
The Production of N2+ in the Ionosphere
Rotational Structure
Photon Scattering by Atmospheric Sodium
444(23)
Introduction: The Physical Theory and Approximations
Scattered Intensity of a Resonance Line from the Theory of Radiative Transfer for a Plane-Parallel Atmosphere
Twilight Airglow: The Na Abundance and Seasonal Variation
Day Airglow
Photochemistry and Ionization of Atmospheric Sodium
467(6)
Photochemistry
Ionization
Sodium Ejected from Rockets
Theory of the Oxygen Red Lines
473(6)
Resonance Scattering and Ultraviolet Dissociation
Collisional Deactivation
Dissociative Recombination
Dayglow in the Red Lines
Excitation of Other Emissions
479(7)
The [ NI]21 Lines
O2 Infrared Atmospheric Band
Ca II H and K Lines
Li I Resonance Lines
Additional Emissions to be Expected
Spectral Photometry of the Nightglow
Methods of Height Determinations
486(12)
Fundamentals of the van Rhijn Method
Results of the van Rhijn Method
Difficulties with the van Rhijn Method
Height Measurements by Triangulation
Height Measurements by Rockets
Indirect Means of Deriving Heights
Spectroscopic Temperatures
498(5)
Rotational Temperatures
Doppler Temperatures
Intensities, Polarization, and Geographic and Time Variations
503(18)
Absolute Intensities and Polarization
Geographic and Periodic Variations of the Intensities
Spectral Correlations
Structure and Motion of Excitation Patterns
Excitation of the Nightglow
Introduction: Mechanisms of Nightglow Excitation
521(2)
Excitation by Recombination in the Ionosphere
523(10)
Review of Red-Line Excitation
Recombination and Diffusion of Ions in the Nighttime F Layer
Time Variations in the Red Lines Arising from Dissociative Recombination
Excitation of the [ NI]21 Lines
Excitation by Particle Collisions
533(4)
Thermal Electrons
Extraterrestrial Particles and Other Nonthermal Collisions
Atomic and Molecular Thermal Collisions
Photochemical Reactions in an Oxygen-Nitrogen Atmosphere
537(16)
Excitation of O2 Band Systems
Photochemical Excitation of [ OI]
The Continuum and Unidentified Blue-Green Bands
Artificially Induced Airglow
Regular Variations in Intensity
Turbulence and Green-Line Patchiness
Excitation of Emissions from Minor Constituents
553(14)
Photochemical Origin of the Meinel OH Bands
Hydrogen Lines in the Night-Sky Spectrum
Photochemical Excitation of Sodium D Lines
Appendixes
Appendix I. A Table of Physical Constants
567(2)
Appendix II. The Rayleigh: A Photometric Unit for the Aurora and Airglow
569(3)
Appendix III. A Short List of Airglow-Aurora Observing Stations
572(2)
Appendix IV. Temperature, Density, and Composition of the Upper Atmosphere
574(3)
Appendix V. The Ionosphere
577(2)
Appendix VI. Forbidden Atomic Oxygen and Nitrogen Lines
579(3)
Appendix VII. Glossary of Symbols
582(8)
Appendix VIII. A List of Books and Review Articles on the Aurora and Airglow
590(3)
Bibliography 593(78)
Author Index 671(13)
Subject Index 684