| Preface to the ninth edition |
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ix | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
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Introduction and history of meteorology and climatology |
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1 | (12) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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Mid-latitude disturbances |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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The global climate system |
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9 | (4) |
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Atmospheric composition, mass and structure |
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13 | (27) |
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Composition of the atmosphere |
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13 | (17) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (2) |
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Variations with latitude and season |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (9) |
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30 | (2) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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The layering of the atmosphere |
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32 | (8) |
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32 | (3) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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Exosphere and magnetosphere |
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36 | (4) |
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Solar radiation and the global energy budget |
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40 | (38) |
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40 | (6) |
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40 | (4) |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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Surface receipt of solar radiation and its effects |
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46 | (17) |
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Energy transfer within the earth--atmosphere system |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (8) |
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Effect of elevation and aspect |
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60 | (1) |
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Variation of free air temperature with height |
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60 | (3) |
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Terrestrial infrared radiation and the greenhouse effect |
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63 | (3) |
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66 | (3) |
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Atmospheric energy and horizontal heat transport |
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69 | (9) |
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The horizontal transport of heat |
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72 | (1) |
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Spatial pattern of the heat budget components |
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73 | (5) |
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Atmospheric moisture budget |
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78 | (31) |
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The global hydrological cycle |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (4) |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (5) |
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89 | (1) |
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Precipitation characteristics and measurement |
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90 | (19) |
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90 | (1) |
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Precipitation characteristics |
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91 | (4) |
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The world pattern of precipitation |
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95 | (2) |
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Regional variations in the altitudinal maximum of precipitation |
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97 | (10) |
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107 | (2) |
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Atmospheric instability, cloud formation and precipitation processes |
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109 | (36) |
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Adiabatic temperature changes |
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109 | (3) |
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112 | (2) |
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Air stability and instability |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (8) |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (2) |
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120 | (4) |
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Formation of precipitation |
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124 | (7) |
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Bergeron--Findeisen theory |
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124 | (4) |
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128 | (3) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (5) |
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`Convective type' precipitation |
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131 | (1) |
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`Cyclonic type' precipitation |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (3) |
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136 | (9) |
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136 | (2) |
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Cloud electrification and lightning |
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138 | (7) |
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Atmospheric motion: principles |
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145 | (18) |
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Laws of horizontal motion |
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145 | (6) |
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The pressure-gradient force |
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146 | (1) |
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The earth's rotational deflective (Coriolis) force |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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The centripetal acceleration |
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148 | (1) |
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Frictional forces and the planetary boundary layer |
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149 | (2) |
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Divergence, vertical motion and vorticity |
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151 | (2) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (10) |
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Mountain and valley winds |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (2) |
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Winds due to topographic barriers |
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157 | (6) |
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Planetary-scale motions in the atmosphere and ocean |
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163 | (45) |
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Variation of pressure and wind velocity with height |
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163 | (13) |
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The vertical variation of pressure systems |
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164 | (2) |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (5) |
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Surface pressure conditions |
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173 | (3) |
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176 | (4) |
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178 | (1) |
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The equatorial westerlies |
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178 | (1) |
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The mid-latitude (Ferrel) westerlies |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (13) |
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Circulations in the vertical and horizontal planes |
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181 | (7) |
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Variations in the circulation of the Northern Hemisphere |
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188 | (5) |
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Ocean structure and circulation |
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193 | (15) |
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193 | (5) |
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Deep ocean water interactions |
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198 | (4) |
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The oceans and atmospheric regulation |
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202 | (6) |
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Numerical models of the general circulation, climate and weather prediction |
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208 | (18) |
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208 | (3) |
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211 | (2) |
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211 | (2) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Data sources for forecasting |
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213 | (3) |
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Numerical weather prediction |
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216 | (10) |
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Short- and medium-range forecasting |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (7) |
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Mid-latitude synoptic and mesoscale systems |
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226 | (43) |
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226 | (1) |
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Nature of the source area |
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226 | (3) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (4) |
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Mechanisms of modification |
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231 | (1) |
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The results of modification: secondary air masses |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (5) |
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233 | (1) |
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The frontal-wave depression |
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234 | (4) |
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238 | (6) |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (3) |
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243 | (1) |
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Zones of wave development and frontogenesis |
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244 | (3) |
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Surface--upper-air relationships and the formation of frontal cyclones |
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247 | (3) |
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250 | (5) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (1) |
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Mesoscale convective systems |
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255 | (14) |
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Weather and climate in middle and high latitudes |
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269 | (57) |
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269 | (14) |
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Pressure and wind conditions |
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269 | (1) |
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Oceanicity and continentality |
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270 | (2) |
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British airflow patterns and their climatic characteristics |
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272 | (5) |
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Singularities and natural seasons |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (4) |
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283 | (15) |
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284 | (3) |
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The temperate west coast and cordillera |
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287 | (3) |
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Interior and eastern North America |
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290 | (8) |
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298 | (13) |
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The semi-arid southwestern United States |
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298 | (9) |
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The southeastern United States |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (2) |
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309 | (2) |
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311 | (15) |
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311 | (3) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (11) |
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Tropical weather and climate |
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326 | (71) |
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The intertropical convergence |
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327 | (3) |
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330 | (14) |
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332 | (3) |
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335 | (8) |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (17) |
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347 | (3) |
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350 | (2) |
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352 | (2) |
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354 | (6) |
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360 | (1) |
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East Asian and Australian summer monsoons |
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361 | (4) |
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Central and southern Africa |
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365 | (8) |
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365 | (6) |
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371 | (2) |
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373 | (2) |
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El Nino--Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events |
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375 | (8) |
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375 | (5) |
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380 | (3) |
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Other sources of climatic variations in the tropics |
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383 | (4) |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (2) |
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386 | (1) |
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Forecasting tropical weather |
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387 | (10) |
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Short- and extended-range forecasts |
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388 | (1) |
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388 | (9) |
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397 | (35) |
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398 | (1) |
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Non-vegetated natural surfaces |
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399 | (3) |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (1) |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (8) |
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402 | (2) |
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404 | (6) |
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410 | (22) |
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Modification of atmospheric composition |
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411 | (6) |
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Modification of the heat budget |
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417 | (7) |
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Modification of surface characteristics |
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424 | (1) |
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425 | (7) |
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432 | (46) |
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432 | (3) |
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Climate forcing, feedback and response |
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435 | (6) |
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436 | (3) |
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439 | (1) |
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440 | (1) |
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The importance of framework |
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441 | (1) |
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441 | (11) |
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441 | (2) |
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The last glacial cycle and post-glacial conditions |
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443 | (2) |
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445 | (7) |
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Understanding recent climatic change |
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452 | (7) |
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453 | (2) |
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455 | (1) |
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455 | (2) |
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457 | (2) |
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Projections of temperature change through the twenty-first century |
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459 | (5) |
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Applications of General Circulation Models |
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459 | (1) |
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459 | (5) |
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Projected change in other system components |
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464 | (9) |
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Hydrologic cycle and atmospheric circulation |
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464 | (1) |
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465 | (1) |
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466 | (4) |
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470 | (3) |
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473 | (5) |
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Appendix 1 Climate classification |
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478 | (9) |
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Generic classifications related to plant growth or vegetation |
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478 | (1) |
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Energy and moisture budget classifications |
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479 | (4) |
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483 | (1) |
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Classifications of climatic comfort |
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484 | (3) |
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Appendix 2 Systeme International (SI) units |
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487 | (1) |
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Appendix 3 Synoptic weather maps |
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488 | (2) |
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490 | (2) |
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Daily weather maps and data |
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490 | (1) |
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490 | (1) |
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490 | (1) |
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Selected sources of information on the World Wide Web |
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491 | (1) |
| Notes |
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492 | (3) |
| General bibliography |
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495 | (4) |
| Index |
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499 | |
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