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Atomic Physics: Precise Measurements and Ultracold Matter [Hardback]

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(Assistant Professor, University of Florence & LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy), (Full Professor, University of Florence & LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 352 pages, height x width x depth: 248x176x24 mm, weight: 815 g, 146 b/w illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 19-Sep-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198525842
  • ISBN-13: 9780198525844
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Atomic Physics: Precise Measurements and Ultracold MatterPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 352 pages, height x width x depth: 248x176x24 mm, weight: 815 g, 146 b/w illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 19-Sep-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198525842
  • ISBN-13: 9780198525844
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780198525844.html
Keywords:
This book traces the evolution of Atomic Physics from precision spectroscopy to the manipulation of atoms at a billionth of a degree above absolute zero. Quantum worlds can be simulated and fundamental theories, such as General Relativity and Quantum Electrodynamics, can be tested with table-top experiments.

This book illustrates the history of Atomic Physics and shows how its most recent advances allow the possibility of performing precise measurements and achieving an accurate control on the atomic state. Written in an introductory style, this book is addressed to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as to more experienced researchers who need to remain up-to-date with the most recent advances. The book focuses on experimental investigations, illustrating milestone experiments and key experimental techniques, and discusses the results and the challenges of contemporary research. Emphasis is put on the investigations of precision physics: from the determination of fundamental constants of Nature to tests of General Relativity and Quantum Electrodynamics; from the realization of ultra-stable atomic clocks to the precise simulation of condensed matter theories with ultracold gases. The book discusses these topics while tracing the evolution of experimental Atomic Physics from traditional laser spectroscopy to the revolution introduced by laser cooling, which allows the manipulation of atoms at a billionth of a degree above absolute zero and reveals new frontiers of precision in atomic spectroscopy.

Recenzijas

The book is perfect for an advanced readership, as well as for a specialized PhD school. For the atomic physics community it offers a very timely and useful assembly of the present state of knowledge on very hot research topics. * E. Arimondo, Il Nuovo Saggiatore * This book illuminates the extraordinary evolution of atomic physics during the past decades, and it leads the reader to the fast-moving frontier of current research. The text conveys the fascination and excitement of the field through the eyes of pioneering researchers, so that it can provide inspiration to students and seasoned colleagues alike. * From the Foreword by Theodor W. Hänsch, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich * Atomic Physics provides an expert guide to two spectacular new landscapes in physics: precision measurements, which have been revolutionized by the advent of the optical frequency comb, and atomic physics, which has been revolutionized by laser cooling. These advances are not incremental but transformative: they have generated a consilience between atomic and many-body physics, precipitated an explosion of scientific and technological applications, opened new areas of research, and attracted a brilliant generation of younger scientists. The research is advancing so rapidly, the barrage of applications is so dazzling, that students can be bewildered. For both students and experienced scientists, this book provides an invaluable description of basic principles, experimental methods, and scientific applications. * Daniel Kleppner, Massachusetts Institute of Technology *

1 Hydrogen
1(30)
1.1 The hydrogen spectrum
1(3)
1.2 Balmer-α: from Bohr to QED
4(7)
1.2.1 Fine structure
4(2)
1.2.2 Doppler effect and saturation spectroscopy
6(4)
1.2.3 Lamb shift
10(1)
1.3 1s - 2s: a quest for precision
11(6)
1.3.1 Two-photon spectroscopy
13(4)
1.4 Optical frequency measurements
17(9)
1.4.1 Frequency chains
18(2)
1.4.2 Frequency combs
20(5)
1.4.3 The Rydberg constant
25(1)
1.5 New frontiers of hydrogen
26(5)
1.5.1 Spectroscopy of exotic hydrogen
26(3)
1.5.2 Spectroscopy of antimatter
29(2)
2 Alkali atoms and laser cooling
31(41)
2.1 Alkali atoms
31(2)
2.2 Atomic clocks
33(7)
2.2.1 Microwave atomic clocks
34(1)
2.2.2 Ramsey spectroscopy
35(3)
2.2.3 Masers
38(2)
2.3 Laser cooling
40(16)
2.3.1 Radiation pressure
41(2)
2.3.2 Atomic beam deceleration
43(2)
2.3.3 Doppler cooling
45(3)
2.3.4 Sub-Doppler cooling
48(3)
2.3.5 Magneto-optical traps
51(3)
2.3.6 Laser cooling in multi-level atoms
54(2)
2.4 Laser-cooled atomic clocks
56(5)
2.4.1 Improving atomic fountain clocks
59(2)
2.5 Atom interferometry
61(11)
2.5.1 Gravity measurements
63(6)
2.5.2 Interferometers for inertial forces
69(3)
3 Bose-Einstein condensation
72(52)
3.1 Experimental techniques
72(13)
3.1.1 Magnetic traps
74(3)
3.1.2 Evaporative cooling
77(2)
3.1.3 Sympathetic cooling
79(1)
3.1.4 Atom-atom interactions and Feshbach resonances
80(3)
3.1.5 Imaging ultracold atoms
83(2)
3.2 Bose-Einstein condensates
85(23)
3.2.1 BEC transition
88(2)
3.2.2 BEC excitations
90(4)
3.2.3 Superfluidity
94(3)
3.2.4 Phase coherence
97(1)
3.2.5 BEC for precision measurements
98(4)
3.2.6 Interferometry with BECs
102(6)
3.3 Fermi gases
108(5)
3.3.1 Fermionic superfluidity
109(4)
3.4 Non-alkali BECs
113(3)
3.4.1 Hydrogen
113(2)
3.4.2 Two-electron atoms
115(1)
3.4.3 Dipolar atoms
116(1)
3.5 Cold molecules
116(8)
3.5.1 Cooling molecules
117(3)
3.5.2 Quantum gases with dipolar interaction
120(2)
3.5.3 Tests of fundamental physics
122(2)
4 Helium
124(31)
4.1 The helium spectrum
124(5)
4.1.1 Helium laser spectroscopy
126(3)
4.2 Helium fine structure
129(4)
4.2.1 Microwave measurements
130(1)
4.2.2 Optical measurements
131(2)
4.3 Quantum degenerate metastable helium
133(5)
4.3.1 Detecting atom-atom correlations
134(4)
4.4 More on helium spectroscopy
138(5)
4.4.1 Helium nuclear charge radius
138(4)
4.4.2 Antiprotonic helium
142(1)
4.5 The fine structure constant α
143(12)
4.5.1 Electron gyromagnetic anomaly
144(4)
4.5.2 h/m ratio
148(5)
4.5.3 Quantum Hall effect
153(1)
4.5.4 Helium fine structure and three-body QED
153(2)
5 Alkaline-earth atoms and ions
155(39)
5.1 Alkaline-earth atoms
155(3)
5.1.1 Laser cooling of alkaline-earth atoms
157(1)
5.2 Optical traps
158(10)
5.2.1 Optical dipole force
158(5)
5.2.2 Applications of optical trapping
163(5)
5.3 Optical clocks
168(11)
5.3.1 Neutral atoms lattice clocks
170(7)
5.3.2 Sub-Hz lasers
177(2)
5.4 Trapped ions
179(5)
5.4.1 Ion traps
179(3)
5.4.2 Ion cooling
182(2)
5.5 Ion clocks
184(10)
5.5.1 General relativity tests
188(2)
5.5.2 Stability of fundamental constants
190(4)
6 Optical lattices and precise measurements
194(30)
6.1 Quantum transport in periodic potentials
194(12)
6.1.1 Bloch theorem and energy bands
194(5)
6.1.2 Dynamics of a Bloch wavepacket
199(1)
6.1.3 Bloch oscillations
200(3)
6.1.4 Josephson picture of the tight-binding limit
203(3)
6.2 Optical lattices
206(1)
6.3 Experiments with cold atoms
207(7)
6.3.1 Observation of Bloch oscillations
209(1)
6.3.2 Measurement of h/m with optical lattices
210(2)
6.3.3 Large-area atom interferometers
212(2)
6.4 Experiments with quantum gases
214(10)
6.4.1 Dynamics of a BEC in a periodic potential
215(3)
6.4.2 Bloch oscillations with quantum gases
218(4)
6.4.3 High spatial resolution force sensors
222(2)
7 Optical lattices and quantum simulation
224(26)
7.1 Mott insulators
224(11)
7.1.1 Bose-Hubbard model
225(3)
7.1.2 Superfluid-Mott quantum phase transition
228(4)
7.1.3 Probing Mott insulators
232(2)
7.1.4 Fermionic Mott insulator
234(1)
7.2 Anderson localization
235(5)
7.2.1 Disordered potentials for ultracold atoms
237(1)
7.2.2 Anderson localization of noninteracting BECs
238(2)
7.3 New frontiers of quantum simulation
240(10)
7.3.1 Single-site detection
240(1)
7.3.2 Synthetic vector potentials
241(3)
7.3.3 Quantum magnetism with atoms and ions
244(4)
7.3.4 Simulation of relativistic quantum mechanics
248(2)
Appendix A Atom-light interaction
250(18)
A.1 Interaction with a coherent field
250(5)
A.1.1 Interaction Hamiltonian
250(2)
A.1.2 Rotating wave approximation
252(1)
A.1.3 Coherent dynamics
253(2)
A.2 Spontaneous emission
255(3)
A.3 Spectroscopic observables
258(6)
A.3.1 Absorption and fluorescence
258(3)
A.3.2 Atomic polarizability
261(3)
A.4 Selection rules
264(4)
A.4.1 Electric dipole transitions
264(1)
A.4.2 Magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole transitions
265(3)
Appendix B Laser optics
268(11)
B.1 Gaussian beams
268(3)
B.2 Optical resonators
271(3)
B.3 Nonlinear optics
274(5)
Appendix C Bose-Einstein condensation
279(7)
C.1 Noninteracting Bose gas
279(2)
C.2 Effect of interactions
281(5)
C.2.1 BEC wavefunction
283(3)
Appendix D Constants and units
286(2)
D.1 Fundamental constants
286(1)
D.2 Units and conversions
287(1)
References 288(39)
Index 327
Massimo Inguscio has worked as an Assistant Professor in Physics at Universities of Pisa and Lecce (1976-1980), Associated Professor at University of Pisa (1980-1986), and Full Professor in Physics at Universities of Napoli (1986-1990) and Firenze (since 1991). He has served as director of LENS (European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy) and of the Department for Materials and Devices of CNR (National Research Council). He has a long-standing experience of experimental research in atomic, molecular and optical physics, quantum optics, light-matter interaction, laser cooling, quantum simulation with ultracold quantum gases, and the development of spectroscopic instrumentation. For his research he has been awarded several prizes, including the Humboldt Research Award (2004), the "Enrico Fermi" Prize from Italian Physical Society (2004), and the Grand Prix Scientifique de l'Academie de Sciences de l'Institut de France (2005).

Leonardo Fallani obtained his PhD in Physics from the University of Florence in 2005, and now works as an Assistant Professor in Physics at University of Florence (since 2007). He has long-standing experience of experimental research in atomic physics, high-precision spectroscopy, nonlinear optics, laser cooling, and quantum simulation with ultracold quantum gases. He is the author of more than 40 publications in international journals and books (with more than 1500 citations and h-index 17) and editor of 1 book.