Acknowledgements |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2.1 Diagnostic Criteria |
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1 | (3) |
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1.2.2 Applicability of Criteria for Adults |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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1.3.1 Prevalence and Incidence |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (3) |
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1.5 Differential Diagnosis |
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10 | (6) |
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1.5.1 Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders |
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12 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Depressive Disorders |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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1.5.4 Trauma and Stress-Related Disorders |
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13 | (1) |
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1.5.5 Bipolar and Related Disorders |
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14 | (1) |
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1.5.6 Personality Disorders |
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14 | (1) |
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1.5.7 Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders |
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15 | (1) |
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1.5.8 Neurodevelopmental, Physical, and Medical Conditions |
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15 | (1) |
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1.5.9 Environmental and Psychosocial Factors |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (4) |
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1.6.1 Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders |
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17 | (1) |
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1.6.2 Depressive Disorders |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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1.6.4 Bipolar and Related Disorders |
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18 | (1) |
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1.6.5 Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders |
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18 | (1) |
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1.6.6 Personality Disorders |
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19 | (1) |
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1.6.7 Sleep-Wake Disorders |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (6) |
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1.7.1 Diagnostic Interviews |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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1.7.3 Psychoeducational Testing |
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23 | (1) |
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1.7.4 Neuropsychological Testing |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (2) |
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2 Theories and Models of ADHD in Adults |
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26 | (8) |
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2.1 Neurobiological Factors in ADHD |
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26 | (4) |
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2.1.1 Genetic Contributions |
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26 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Neurological Factors |
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27 | (2) |
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2.1.3 Cognitive Determinants |
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29 | (1) |
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2.2 Environmental Risk Factors |
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30 | (2) |
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2.2.1 Biological Adversity Factors |
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31 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Environmental Toxins |
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31 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Food Additives and Dietary Factors |
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32 | (1) |
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2.3 Psychosocial Adversity Factors |
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32 | (1) |
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2.4 Interactions Among Neurobiological, Environmental, and Psychosocial Adversity Factors |
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32 | (2) |
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3 Diagnosis and Treatment Indications |
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34 | (11) |
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3.1 Assessment Procedures |
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34 | (7) |
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3.1.1 General Considerations |
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35 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Developmental History |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (3) |
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3.1.4 Behavioral Rating Scales |
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39 | (1) |
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3.1.5 Differential Diagnosis and Comorbidities |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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3.2 The Decision-Making Process |
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41 | (1) |
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3.3 Treatment Considerations |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (23) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (6) |
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4.2.1 Stimulant Medications |
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48 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Nonstimulant Medications |
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50 | (2) |
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4.3 Psychosocial and Psychological Therapies |
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52 | (3) |
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4.3.1 Coaching and Cognitive Behavior Therapy |
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52 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Meta-Cognitive Therapy and Time-Management and Organizational Skills Training |
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52 | (2) |
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4.3.3 Supportive and Family Therapies |
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54 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Neurofeedback and Cognitive Enhancement Training |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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4.4 Variations and Combinations of Methods |
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55 | (3) |
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58 | (1) |
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4.6 Treating Adults With ADHD and Comorbid Conditions |
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59 | (4) |
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4.6.1 Pharmacological Considerations |
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59 | (2) |
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4.6.2 Psychotherapeutic Considerations |
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61 | (2) |
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4.7 Problems in Carrying Out the Treatments |
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63 | (1) |
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4.8 Efficacy and Prognosis |
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64 | (3) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (4) |
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5.1 Julie (A College Student) |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (12) |
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8 Appendix: Tools and Resources |
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