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E-grāmata: Bacteriophage Applications - Historical Perspective and Future Potential

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This book explores key applications of phage biotechnology and reviews recent advances in phage display technologies. The applications covered were selected on the basis of their significance and representativeness in the field.The small size and enormous diversity of bacteriophages make them ideal candidates for numerous applications across many industries. Since the discovery of phages and the advent of phage display systems, considerable attention has been focused on the development of novel therapeutic and industrial applications. Recent studies combine the genomic flexibility of phages with phage display systems in order to generate modified phages for targeted delivery.

1. Introduction: What are Bacteriophage: a. Discovery and early phage work (including work with bacterial genetics, phage display, and phage therapy).- b. Bacteriophage pathogenesis and host range.- c. Bacteriophage growth dynamics.- d. Bacteriophage pharmacokinetics( including mammalian host tolerance ).- 2. Applications with Bacteriophage: a. Phage Therapy.- i. Past - why phage therapy was unsuccessful in the past and what can (and is currently) being done to improve the system.- ii. Present /Future - current research objectives and future considerations.- Host range and how it can be expanded.- Lethal agent delivery systems (bacteriocidial).- Lethality without lysis.- b. Phage Vaccines and Phage Immunostimulation.- i. Mammalian immune response to phage.- ii. Phage vaccine delivery vehicles.- iii. Phage Immunotherapy.- c. Phage as Delivery Vehicles: i. Phage for gene delivery.- Phage display for specific cell targeting.- Considerations for use and benefits in comparison to curre

nt systems.- ii. Phage as Drug Carriers.- Selectivity and cell attachment.- Phage T2 as a potential cancer therapeutic.- Phage for delivery to the brain and CNS (including current work with Alzheimer"s and drug addictions ).- d. Phage for Bacterial Detection: i. History of Phage bacterial detection.- ii. Methods (replication assays, conjugation with bioluminescence, labelling etc. ).- iii. Potential uses in healthcare and industry.- e. Phage for the targeting of Biofilms.- i. Phage candidates and important bacterial targets.- ii. History and potential uses in healthcare and industry.- f. Phage device coatings: i. Current phage coating practices and research.- ii. Callenges (notably phage orientation).- iii. methods to overcome these challenges.
1 Overview of Bacteriophage Lifecycles and Applications
1(8)
1 Introduction
1(1)
2 Phage Infection and Life-Cycle
2(1)
2.1 Lytic Phage
2(1)
2.2 Temperate Phage
3(1)
3 Phage Infection Stages
3(2)
3.1 Phage Entry
3(1)
3.2 DNA Replication
4(1)
3.3 Phage Assembly
4(1)
4 Hurdles for Phage-Based Therapeutics
5(4)
References
6(3)
2 Phage for Biocontrol
9(12)
1 Introduction
9(2)
2 The Importance of Using Recombinant Phage
11(1)
3 Recombinant Phage for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections
12(4)
3.1 Escherichia coli (E. coli)
13(1)
3.2 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)
14(1)
3.3 Chlamydia trachomatis
14(1)
3.4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)
15(1)
3.5 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
16(1)
4 Phage as Drug Delivery Vehicles for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections
16(1)
5 Summary
17(4)
References
17(4)
3 Phage Device Coatings
21(8)
1 Introduction
21(1)
2 Biofilms on Medical Devices
22(2)
2.1 Contributors to Biofilm Resistance
23(1)
3 Alternative Medical Coating Devices
24(1)
4 Bacteriophage as Bioactive Coatings
25(1)
5 Conclusions
26(3)
References
27(2)
4 Bacteriophages Functionalized for Gene Delivery and the Targeting of Gene Networks
29(10)
1 Introduction to Phage Mediated Delivery of Genetic Material
29(1)
2 Bacteriophages as Gene Delivery Vehicles
30(3)
3 Phages as Cytotoxic Agents in Eukaryotes
33(1)
4 Phages for Delivery to the Central Nervous System
34(1)
5 Conclusions
34(5)
References
35(4)
5 Phage Probiotics
39(20)
1 Introduction: The Gut Microbiota and Probiotics
39(2)
2 Roles of the Gut Microbiota and Probiotics
41(2)
2.1 Protection Against Pathogens
41(1)
2.2 Metabolism
41(1)
2.3 Immunomodulation
42(1)
2.4 Tissue Development and Maintenance
43(1)
3 Bacteriophages in the Gut
43(3)
3.1 Phage Population Dynamics
44(1)
3.2 Protection Against Pathogens and Immunomodulation
45(1)
4 Applications of Phage
46(3)
4.1 Lytic Phage Therapy
46(1)
4.2 Phage Biotechnology
47(2)
5 Conclusions
49(10)
References
49(10)
6 Phage for Biodetection
59(10)
1 Introduction to Phage-Based Biodetection
60(1)
2 Plaque Assays
60(2)
2.1 Phage Display for the Improvement of Plaque Assays
61(1)
3 Bacteriophage Indicator Organisms (Reporter Phage)
62(1)
3.1 Fluorescence-Based Assays
62(1)
4 Immobilized Phage Particles as Probes for Bacterial Detection
63(1)
5 Conclusions
64(5)
References
65(4)
7 Phage-Mediated Immunomodulation
69
1 Introduction
69(1)
2 Immune Responses to Phage
69(3)
2.1 Anti-phage Innate Responses
70(1)
2.2 Humoral Immune Reposes to Phage (Anti-phage Antibodies)
71(1)
2.3 Anti-phage Cellular Immunity and the Implications of the Impact of Phage on the Adaptive Responses (T and B Cells)
72(1)
3 Bacteriophage---Based Immune-Pharmaco-Therapies
72(5)
3.1 Phage Immunogenicity and Cancer Therapy
73(2)
3.2 Bacteriophage Immunotherapy Autoimmune Disorders
75(1)
3.3 Bacteriophage Immunotherapy for Drug Addiction
76(1)
3.4 Phages and Oxidative Stress
76(1)
4 Conclusions
77
References
77
Roderick A. Slavcev, PhD, MBA, MRSB, CBiol.Associate Professor, Pharmaceutical Sciences Professor of Business and EntrepreneurshipSchool of Pharmacy, University of WaterlooPresident, Mediphage Bioceuticals, Inc.