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E-grāmata: Banana Ripening: Science and Technology

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The technology used to ripen bananas is affected by a wide range of factors, including the cultivar, growing conditions, harvesting method, and maturity at which the fruit are harvested and handled. Various post harvest treatments applied to fruit can also impact ripening. While many textbooks have been dedicated to Musa (bananas and plantains), none have focused exclusively on the ripening process.

The commercial ripening of bananas and the chemical changes that occur thereby are considered here in detail. In developed, temperate countries where bananas are imported, successful ripening technologies have evolved. Most bananas, however, are marketed locally in the country where they are grown, and often the ripening technologies used have economic and health implications. This brief offers an in-depth discussion of not only the implications of these technologies, but also of alternative ripening methods and their commercial applications. For an understanding of both the chemical basis by which bananas ripen and the technologies used to control the process, look no further than this essential text.


1 Introduction
1(12)
Musa Taxonomy
2(2)
Musa Breeding Programmes
4(1)
Genotypes in International Trade
5(1)
Some Common Genotypes
6(7)
2 Preharvest Effects
13(12)
Fertilizers
13(1)
Organic Production
14(1)
Light and Day Length
14(1)
Disease
15(3)
Water Stress
18(1)
Damage
18(1)
Bunch Covers
19(1)
Harvest Maturity
20(5)
3 Fruit Ripening
25(32)
Pre-Climacteric Phase
26(2)
Ripening Phase
28(1)
Internal Ethylene
28(3)
Effects of Ethylene Post Ripening Initiation
31(1)
Genetic Effects on Ripening
32(2)
Maturity of Fruit and Response to Ethylene
34(3)
Factors Affecting Fruit and Response to Ethylene
37(1)
Changes that Occur During Ripening
37(9)
Peel Colour
37(3)
Peel Spotting
40(1)
Peel Chemicals
40(1)
Finger Drop
41(1)
Weight Loss
41(2)
Moisture
43(1)
Texture
44(2)
Flavour and Aroma
46(1)
Minerals
47(1)
Carbohydrates
48(1)
Protein
49(1)
Phenolics
49(1)
Acidity
50(1)
Ascorbic Acid
51(1)
Carotenoids and Vitamin A
52(2)
Folates
54(1)
Other Phytochemicals
54(3)
4 Postharvest Treatments to Control Ripening
57(22)
Controlled Atmosphere Storage
57(2)
CA on Pre-Climacteric Bananas
57(1)
CA Effects After Ripening Initiation
58(1)
Hypobaric Storage
59(1)
Modified Atmosphere Packing
60(2)
Ethylene Absorbents
62(2)
Chemicals
64(7)
Metal Ions
64(1)
1-Methylcyclopropene
64(3)
Salicylic Acid
67(1)
Gibberellic Acid
67(1)
Diazocyciopentadiene
68(1)
Indole-3-Acetic Acid
68(1)
Abscisic Acid
68(1)
Lysophosphatidylethanolamine
69(1)
Aminoethoxy-Vinylglycine
69(1)
Nitrous Oxide
70(1)
Maleic Acid
70(1)
Coatings
71(1)
Irradiation
72(2)
Temperature
74(2)
Humidity
76(3)
5 Initiation of Ripening
79(22)
Ethylene
80(8)
Cylinders
82(2)
Catalytic Generators
84(1)
Ethrel
84(3)
Encapsulation
87(1)
Acetylene
88(5)
Calcium Carbide
89(2)
Sensory Analysis
91(1)
Toxicity of Calcium Carbide
92(1)
Propylene
93(1)
Esters
93(1)
Alcohol
93(1)
Carbon Monoxide
94(1)
Smoking
95(2)
Kerosene
95(1)
Incense
96(1)
Heat
96(1)
Damage and Stress
97(2)
Fruit Generation
99(1)
Leaves
100(1)
6 Ripening Technology
101(10)
Ripening Rooms
101(4)
Modelling
105(1)
Transport
106(1)
Reducing Ripening Initiation in Transit
107(1)
Ripening in Transit
108(3)
7 Conclusions
111(2)
References 113(24)
Index 137
Dr. Anthony Keith Thompson is a visiting professor in the Faculty of Agro-Industry at King Mongkut's Institute of Technology in Ladkrabang, Thailand.  Dr. Suriyan Supapvanich is a professor in the Department of Agricultural Education at King Mongkut's Institute of Technology.

Dr. Jiraporn Sirison is a professor in the Faculty of Agro-Industry at King Mongkut's Institute of Technology