| Preface |
|
xvii | |
| Notation |
|
xix | |
| Author |
|
xxix | |
| 1 Introduction |
|
1 | (34) |
|
1.1 Review of units and dimensions |
|
|
1 | (7) |
|
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
1.1.2 Fundamental dimensions |
|
|
1 | (4) |
|
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
1.1.3 Derived dimensional quantities |
|
|
5 | (4) |
|
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
1.1.3.3 Equations of state |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
|
9 | (9) |
|
1.3.1 Law of conservation |
|
|
9 | (2) |
|
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
1.3.3 The extent of a chemical reaction |
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
|
|
15 | (3) |
|
1.4 lips for solving engineering problems |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
1.5 Useful numerical methods |
|
|
19 | (14) |
|
|
|
33 | (2) |
| 2 A review of thermodynamic concepts |
|
35 | (90) |
|
2.1 The first law of thermodynamics |
|
|
35 | (3) |
|
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
2.1.2 Steady flow processes |
|
|
36 | (2) |
|
2.2 The second law of thermodynamics |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
2.2.1 Reversible processes |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
|
|
39 | (4) |
|
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
2.3.2 Calculating the change in entropy |
|
|
41 | (2) |
|
2.3.2.1 Entropy change of an ideal gas |
|
|
41 | (2) |
|
2.3.3 The Gibbs and Helmholtz free energy |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
2.3.3.1 Gibbs free energy |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
2.3.3.2 Helmholtz free energy |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
2.4 The fundamental property relations |
|
|
43 | (3) |
|
2.4.1 Exact differentials |
|
|
44 | (2) |
|
2.5 Single phase open systems |
|
|
46 | (12) |
|
2.5.1 Partial molar properties |
|
|
47 | (5) |
|
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
2.5.1.2 Property changes of mixing |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
|
|
49 | (2) |
|
2.5.1.4 Gibbs free energy of an ideal gas mixture |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
2.5.2 Pure component fugacity |
|
|
52 | (3) |
|
2.5.2.1 Calculating the pure component fugacity |
|
|
53 | (2) |
|
2.5.3 Fugacity of a component in a mixture |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
|
|
56 | (2) |
|
|
|
58 | (57) |
|
2.6.1 Pure component phase equilibrium |
|
|
59 | (3) |
|
2.6.1.1 Fugacity of a pure component as a compressed liquid |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
|
62 | (4) |
|
2.6.3 Applications of equilibrium thermodynamics |
|
|
66 | (63) |
|
2.6.3.1 Solubility of a solid in a liquid solvent |
|
|
66 | (5) |
|
2.6.3.2 Depression of the freezing point of a solvent by a solute |
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
2.6.3.3 Equilibrium between a solid and a gas phase |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
2.6.3.4 Solubility of a gas in a liquid |
|
|
74 | (4) |
|
|
|
78 | (3) |
|
2.6.3.6 Distribution of a solute between two liquid phases |
|
|
81 | (2) |
|
2.6.3.7 Single-stage solute extraction |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
2.6.3.8 Multistage solute extraction |
|
|
84 | (3) |
|
2.6.3.9 Vapor-liquid equilibrium |
|
|
87 | (4) |
|
2.6.3.10 Flammability limits |
|
|
91 | (3) |
|
2.6.3.11 Thermodynamics of surfaces |
|
|
94 | (3) |
|
2.6.3.12 Equilibrium dialysis |
|
|
97 | (5) |
|
2.6.3.13 The Gibbs-Donnan effect |
|
|
102 | (6) |
|
2.6.3.14 Donnan potential |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
2.6.3.15 Chemical equilibrium in ideal aqueous solutions |
|
|
109 | (6) |
|
|
|
115 | (10) |
| 3 Physical properties of the body fluids and the cell membrane |
|
125 | (28) |
|
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
3.3 Capillary plasma protein retention |
|
|
127 | (2) |
|
|
|
129 | (3) |
|
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
3.4.2 Calculating the osmotic pressure |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
3.4.3 Other factors that may affect the osmotic pressure |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
3.5 Filtration flow across a membrane |
|
|
132 | (4) |
|
3.5.1 Predicting the hydraulic conductance |
|
|
133 | (3) |
|
3.5.1.1 Rectangular pores |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
3.6 Net capillary filtration rate |
|
|
136 | (2) |
|
3.6.1 A comparison of the blood flow into the capillary with the capillary filtration flow rate |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
3.8 Solute transport across the capillary endothelium |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
|
|
140 | (6) |
|
|
|
143 | (3) |
|
3.10 Ion pumps maintain nonequilibrium state of the cell |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
|
|
147 | (6) |
| 4 The physical and flow properties of blood and other fluids |
|
153 | (68) |
|
4.1 Physical properties of blood |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
|
|
154 | (4) |
|
4.4 The capillary viscometer and laminar flow in tubes |
|
|
158 | (5) |
|
4.4.1 Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar flow of a Newtonian liquid in a cylindrical tube |
|
|
159 | (3) |
|
4.4.1.1 Laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid through a tube of very short length |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
4.4.2 Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar flow of a Newtonian liquid in tubes of noncircular cross section |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
4.5 The Rabinowitsch equation for the flow of a non-Newtonian fluid in a cylindrical tube |
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
4.6 Other useful flow relationships |
|
|
164 | (2) |
|
4.7 The rheology of blood and the Casson equation |
|
|
166 | (4) |
|
4.7.1 The Casson equation |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
4.7.2 Using the Casson equation |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
4.7.3 The velocity profile for tube flow of a Casson fluid |
|
|
168 | (2) |
|
4.7.4 Tube flow of blood at low shear rates |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
4.8 The effect of tube diameter at high shear rates |
|
|
170 | (7) |
|
4.8.1 The Fahraeus effect |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
4.8.2 The Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect |
|
|
171 | (2) |
|
4.8.3 Marginal zone theory |
|
|
173 | (4) |
|
4.8.3.1 Using the marginal zone theory |
|
|
175 | (2) |
|
4.9 Boundary layer theory |
|
|
177 | (11) |
|
4.9.1 The flow near a wall that is set in motion |
|
|
177 | (5) |
|
4.9.2 Laminar flow of a fluid along a flat plate |
|
|
182 | (6) |
|
4.9.2.1 Approximate solution for laminar boundary flow over a flat plate |
|
|
183 | (5) |
|
4.10 Generalized mechanical energy balance equation |
|
|
188 | (12) |
|
4.10.1 The hydraulic diameter |
|
|
191 | (9) |
|
4.11 Capillary rise and capillary action |
|
|
200 | (5) |
|
4.11.1 Equilibrium capillary rise |
|
|
200 | (2) |
|
4.11.2 Dynamics of capillary action |
|
|
202 | (3) |
|
|
|
205 | (16) |
| 5 Mass transfer fundamentals |
|
221 | (68) |
|
5.1 Description of solute mass transfer |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
5.2 Important definitions used in solute mass transfer |
|
|
221 | (7) |
|
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
5.2.3 Simplifications of Fick's first law |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
5.2.3.1 The case of forced convection |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
5.2.3.2 The case of a stagnant or quiescent fluid |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
5.2.3.3 The case of dilute solutions |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
5.2.3.4 Equimolar counterdiffusion |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
5.2.4 Boundary conditions for diffusion problems |
|
|
225 | (3) |
|
5.2.4.1 Concentration is known at the boundary |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
5.2.4.2 Zero solute flux at the boundary |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
5.2.4.3 Convective transport at the boundary |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
5.2.4.4 Chemical reaction at the boundary |
|
|
226 | (2) |
|
5.3 Estimating the diffusivity |
|
|
228 | (4) |
|
5.3.1 Stokes-Einstein equation |
|
|
229 | (3) |
|
|
|
232 | (2) |
|
5.5 Some solutions to Fick's second law |
|
|
234 | (6) |
|
5.5.1 Solution for the concentration profile for diffusion from a flat plate into a semi-infinite stagnant medium |
|
|
234 | (2) |
|
5.5.1.1 Calculation of the solute flux at the surface of the plate |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
5.5.2 Solution for the concentration profile for diffusion from a planar source into an infinite stagnant medium |
|
|
236 | (2) |
|
5.5.3 Solution for the concentration profile for diffusion from a point source into an infinite planar stagnant medium |
|
|
238 | (2) |
|
5.6 The mass transfer coefficient |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
5.6.1 The Sherwood number |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
5.7 Diffusion from a flat plate into a semi-infinite stagnant medium |
|
|
241 | (2) |
|
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
5.8 Mass transfer from the surface of a sphere into an infinite quiescent medium |
|
|
243 | (4) |
|
5.8.1 Mass transfer between the surface of a sphere and a flowing fluid |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
5.9 Solute transport by convection and diffusion |
|
|
247 | (28) |
|
5.9.1 Solute mass transfer from a gas into a falling liquid film: short contact time solution |
|
|
248 | (8) |
|
5.9.1.1 A general solution for gas absorption into a laminar falling liquid film |
|
|
254 | (2) |
|
5.9.2 Mass transfer from a rotating disk |
|
|
256 | (6) |
|
5.9.3 Mass transfer in laminar boundary layer flow over a flat plate |
|
|
262 | (6) |
|
5.9.4 Mass transfer between the wall of a cylindrical tube and a fluid in laminar flow |
|
|
268 | (7) |
|
5.9.4.1 Overall solute mass balance for the short contact time solution |
|
|
273 | (2) |
|
5.10 The general case of mass transfer between the wall of a cylindrical tube and a flowing fluid |
|
|
275 | (3) |
|
5.10.1 Derivation of the log mean concentration difference |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
5.10.2 Mass transfer in a tube of arbitrary cross section |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
5.11 A summary of useful mass transfer coefficient correlations |
|
|
278 | (4) |
|
5.11.1 Mass transfer for undeveloped laminar flow in a cylindrical tube |
|
|
278 | (4) |
|
|
|
282 | (7) |
| 6 Mass transfer in heterogeneous materials |
|
289 | (60) |
|
6.1 Solute diffusion within heterogeneous media |
|
|
289 | (18) |
|
6.1.1 Solute transport across thin porous membranes |
|
|
289 | (9) |
|
6.1.1.1 Steric exclusion and hindered diffusion |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
6.1.1.2 Solute diffusion in a single pore of a thin planar membrane |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
6.1.1.3 Solute diffusion across a thin planar membrane |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
6.1.1.4 The Renkin equation |
|
|
293 | (2) |
|
6.1.1.5 Solute membrane permeability |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
6.1.1.6 Capillary wall solute permeability |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
6.1.1.7 Membrane permeability and the overall mass transfer coefficient |
|
|
296 | (2) |
|
6.1.2 Diffusion of a solute from within a porous polymeric material |
|
|
298 | (6) |
|
6.1.2.1 A solution valid for short contact times |
|
|
301 | (3) |
|
6.1.2.2 A solution valid for long contact times |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
6.1.3 Diffusion in blood and tissue |
|
|
304 | (2) |
|
6.1.3.1 Diffusion in the interstitial fluid and other gel-like materials |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
6.1.4 Solute transport across gel membranes |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
6.2 The irreversible thermodynamics of membrane transport |
|
|
307 | (6) |
|
6.2.1 Finding LP, Pm, and sigma |
|
|
310 | (2) |
|
6.2.1.1 Estimating the reflection coefficient |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
6.2.2 Multicomponent membrane transport |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
6.2.3 Membrane Peclet number |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
6.3 Solute transport by filtration and diffusion across the capillary wall |
|
|
313 | (4) |
|
6.4 Transport of a solute between a capillary and the surrounding tissue space |
|
|
317 | (12) |
|
6.4.1 The Krogh tissue cylinder |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
6.4.2 A model of the Krogh tissue cylinder |
|
|
319 | (5) |
|
6.4.2.1 The critical radius |
|
|
321 | (2) |
|
6.4.2.2 A comparison of convection and diffusion effects |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
6.4.3 The Renkin-Crone equation |
|
|
324 | (4) |
|
6.4.3.1 Determining the value of PmS |
|
|
326 | (2) |
|
6.4.4 Solute transport in vascular beds: The well-mixed assumption |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
6.5 Solute transport by filtration flow across a membrane |
|
|
329 | (10) |
|
6.5.1 The change in the bulk flow of a fluid flowing within a hollow fiber with filtration |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
6.5.2 Describing the change in the bulk concentration of a solute in a fluid flowing in a hollow fiber with filtration |
|
|
334 | (5) |
|
|
|
339 | (10) |
| 7 Oxygen transport in biological systems |
|
349 | (50) |
|
7.1 The diffusion of oxygen in multicellular systems |
|
|
349 | (5) |
|
7.1.1 pO2 and Henry's constant |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
7.1.2 Oxygen transport to a spherical volume of cells |
|
|
350 | (4) |
|
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
7.3 The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
7.4 Oxygen levels in blood |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
|
356 | (2) |
|
7.6 Other factors that can affect the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
|
|
359 | (4) |
|
7.7.1 Nominal tissue oxygen consumption rate |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
7.7.2 Calculating the venous pO2 for a given oxygen demand |
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
7.8 Oxygen transport in blood oxygenators, bioartificial organs, and tissue engineered constructs |
|
|
363 | (9) |
|
7.8.1 Oxygen mass balance for a blood oxygenator |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
7.8.2 Oxygen transport in planar bioartificial organs |
|
|
364 | (3) |
|
7.8.3 Oxygen transport in planar tissue engineered constructs |
|
|
367 | (5) |
|
7.8.3.1 In vitro culture of planar tissue engineered constructs |
|
|
368 | (2) |
|
7.8.3.2 Maximum thickness of planar tissue engineered constructs |
|
|
370 | (2) |
|
7.9 Oxygen transport in perfusion bioreactors |
|
|
372 | (9) |
|
7.9.1 A model of convective and diffusive transport of oxygen through a planar layer of cells |
|
|
373 | (3) |
|
7.9.2 A microchannel perfusion bioreactor |
|
|
376 | (5) |
|
7.10 Oxygen transport in the Krogh tissue cylinder |
|
|
381 | (3) |
|
7.10.1 Capillary oxygenated hemoglobin mass balance |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
7.10.2 Capillary unbound oxygen mass balance |
|
|
381 | (2) |
|
7.10.2.1 The slope of the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
7.10.3 Tissue oxygen mass balance |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
7.11 An approximate solution for oxygen transport in the Krogh tissue cylinder |
|
|
384 | (3) |
|
|
|
387 | (4) |
|
|
|
391 | (8) |
| 8 Pharmacokinetic analysis |
|
399 | (52) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
8.2 Entry routes for drugs |
|
|
399 | (2) |
|
8.3 PK modeling approaches |
|
|
401 | (2) |
|
8.3.1 Compartmental pharmacokinetic models |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
8.3.2 Physiological pharmacokinetic models |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
8.3.3 Model independent pharmacokinetic models |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
8.4 Factors that affect drug distribution |
|
|
403 | (7) |
|
8.4.1 Drug distribution volumes |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
8.4.2 Apparent distribution volume |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
8.4.3 The Oie-Tozer equation for the apparent distribution volume |
|
|
404 | (3) |
|
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
8.4.5 Renal excretion of the drug |
|
|
408 | (2) |
|
|
|
410 | (4) |
|
|
|
410 | (2) |
|
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
8.5.3 Biological half-life |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
8.5.4 The area under the curve, AUC0>infinity |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
8.5.5 Accumulation of the drug in urine |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
8.6 A model for intravenous injection of drug |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
8.7 Continuous infusion of a drug |
|
|
415 | (14) |
|
8.7.1 Application to controlled release of drugs by osmotic pumps |
|
|
418 | (2) |
|
8.7.2 Controlled release of drugs from transdermal patches |
|
|
420 | (7) |
|
8.7.2.1 Predicting the permeability of the skin |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
8.7.2.2 Experimental measurement of stratum corneum solute permeability |
|
|
424 | (3) |
|
8.7.3 Controlled release of drugs from implantable devices |
|
|
427 | (2) |
|
8.8 First-order drug absorption and elimination |
|
|
429 | (4) |
|
8.9 Two-compartment models |
|
|
433 | (7) |
|
8.9.1 Two-compartment model for an intravenous injection |
|
|
434 | (3) |
|
8.9.2 Two-compartment model for first order absorption |
|
|
437 | (3) |
|
8.9.3 Two-compartment model with drug absorption from a transdermal patch |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
8.9.4 Two-compartment model with drug absorption from an implantable device |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
8.10 Superposition principle |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
|
441 | (10) |
| 9 Extracorporeal devices |
|
451 | (64) |
|
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
|
451 | (2) |
|
9.3 Solute transport in extracorporeal devices |
|
|
453 | (3) |
|
9.3.1 Estimating the mass transfer coefficients |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
9.3.2 Estimating the solute diffusivity in blood |
|
|
454 | (2) |
|
|
|
456 | (14) |
|
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
9.4.2 Dialysate composition |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
9.4.3 Role of ultrafiltration |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
9.4.4 Clearance and dialysance |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (4) |
|
9.4.6 A single-compartment model of urea hemodialysis |
|
|
464 | (2) |
|
9.4.6.1 Daily home hemodialysis |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
9.4.7 Peritoneal dialysis |
|
|
466 | (4) |
|
9.4.7.1 Constant volume model of CAPD |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
9.4.7.2 A simple CAPD model that includes ultrafiltration |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
|
470 | (18) |
|
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
9.5.2 Operating characteristics of blood oxygenators |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
9.5.3 Types of oxygenators |
|
|
472 | (3) |
|
9.5.4 Analysis of a membrane oxygenator: Oxygen transfer |
|
|
475 | (7) |
|
9.5.4.1 Constant oxygen partial pressure in the gas phase |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
9.5.4.2 Constant oxygen partial pressure in the gas phase and external cross flow of the blood over the hollow fibers |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
9.5.4.3 Calculation of the blood-side mass transfer coefficient |
|
|
479 | (3) |
|
9.5.5 Analysis of a membrane oxygenator: Carbon dioxide transfer |
|
|
482 | (2) |
|
9.5.6 Example calculations for membrane oxygenators |
|
|
484 | (4) |
|
9.6 Immobilized enzyme reactors |
|
|
488 | (17) |
|
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
9.6.2 Examples of medical application of immobilized enzymes |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
9.6.3 Enzyme reaction kinetics |
|
|
490 | (3) |
|
9.6.4 Reaction and diffusion in immobilized enzyme systems |
|
|
493 | (2) |
|
9.6.5 Solving the immobilized enzyme reaction-diffusion model |
|
|
495 | (2) |
|
9.6.6 Special case of a first order reaction |
|
|
497 | (2) |
|
9.6.6.1 Spherical enzyme particle |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
9.6.6.2 Cylindrical enzyme particle |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
9.6.6.3 Flat plate enzyme particle |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
9.6.7 Observed reaction rate |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
9.6.8 External mass transfer resistance |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
9.6.8.1 External mass transfer resistance for a first order reaction |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
9.6.9 Reactor design equations |
|
|
500 | (5) |
|
9.6.9.1 Packed bed reactor |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
9.6.9.2 Packed bed reactor with first-order kinetics and internal and external diffusion limitations |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
9.6.9.3 Well-mixed reactor |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
9.6.9.4 Well-mixed reactor with first-order kinetics and internal and external diffusion limitations |
|
|
503 | (2) |
|
|
|
505 | (4) |
|
9.7.1 Affinity adsorption of preformed antibodies |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
9.7.2 Analysis of an affinity adsorption system to remove preformed antibodies |
|
|
507 | (2) |
|
|
|
509 | (6) |
| 10 Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine |
|
515 | (30) |
|
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
|
|
515 | (4) |
|
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
10.2.2 The tissue engineering process |
|
|
517 | (2) |
|
10.2.2.1 Immunoprotection of the transplanted cells |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
10.3 The extracellular matrix |
|
|
519 | (3) |
|
10.3.1 Glycosaminoglycans |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
10.4 Cellular interactions |
|
|
522 | (4) |
|
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
10.4.3 Cell adhesion molecules |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
10.4.5 Cytokines and growth factors |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
10.5 Support structures for tissue engineering applications |
|
|
526 | (8) |
|
|
|
527 | (3) |
|
10.5.2 Techniques for making polymeric scaffolds |
|
|
530 | (4) |
|
|
|
531 | (2) |
|
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
10.6 Biocompatibility and the initial response to an implant |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
10.6.1 The body's response to an implant |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
10.7 Cell transplantation into scaffolds |
|
|
535 | (2) |
|
10.8 Bioreactor design for tissue engineering |
|
|
537 | (4) |
|
|
|
541 | (4) |
| 11 Bioartificial organs |
|
545 | (48) |
|
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
|
|
545 | (7) |
|
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
|
|
546 | (2) |
|
|
|
548 | (2) |
|
11.2.4 Interaction between APCs, B cells, and T cells |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
11.2.5 The immune system and transplanted cells |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
|
|
552 | (3) |
|
11.4 Permeability of immunoisolation membranes |
|
|
555 | (3) |
|
11.5 Membrane Sherwood number |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
11.6 Examples of bioartificial organs |
|
|
558 | (20) |
|
11.6.1 The bioartificial pancreas |
|
|
559 | (9) |
|
11.6.1.1 Bioartificial pancreas approaches |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
11.6.1.2 Intravascular devices |
|
|
561 | (2) |
|
11.6.1.3 Microencapsulation |
|
|
563 | (2) |
|
11.6.1.4 Macroencapsulation |
|
|
565 | (3) |
|
11.6.2 Number of islets needed |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
11.6.3 Islet insulin release model |
|
|
569 | (3) |
|
11.6.4 Pharmacokinetic modeling of glucose and insulin interactions |
|
|
572 | (3) |
|
11.6.5 Using the pharmacokinetic model to evaluate the performance of a bioartificial pancreas |
|
|
575 | (3) |
|
11.7 The bioartificial liver |
|
|
578 | (9) |
|
11.7.1 Artificial liver systems |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
11.7.2 Bioartificial livers |
|
|
580 | (2) |
|
11.7.3 Examples of extracorporeal bioartificial livers |
|
|
582 | (5) |
|
11.8 The bioartificial kidney |
|
|
587 | (2) |
|
11.9 Design considerations for bioartificial organs |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
|
|
590 | (3) |
| References |
|
593 | (18) |
| Index |
|
611 | |
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām