Acknowledgements |
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xiii | |
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xv | |
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xvi | |
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xviii | |
Executive summary |
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xx | |
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Vignette 1 Before the meeting |
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3 | (5) |
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Chapter 1 Situating the study |
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8 | (36) |
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1.1 Exploring the gap: What does it take to be(come) a professional conference interpreter? |
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8 | (3) |
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1.2 Conference interpreting: A practice |
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11 | (2) |
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1.3 Studying what interpreters do |
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13 | (2) |
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1.4 EU interpreters: A professional community |
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15 | (3) |
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1.5 Being and becoming: From newcomer to full member of a community of practice |
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18 | (4) |
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1.6 Ethnography: A multi-faceted investigative approach |
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22 | (11) |
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1.6.1 Ethnography: A methodological toolbox |
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23 | (3) |
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1.6.2 Ethnography and theory |
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26 | (2) |
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1.6.3 Ethnography: A non-linear research process |
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28 | (1) |
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1.6.4 Ethnography: `A tale from the field' |
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29 | (1) |
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1.6.5 Ethnography: Engagement with a community |
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30 | (3) |
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1.7 Structure of the book |
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33 | (2) |
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Vignette 2 Be(com)ing a practisearcher |
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35 | (9) |
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Chapter 2 Collecting and analyzing ethnographic data: Listening to behaviour, watching knowledge |
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44 | (35) |
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2.1 Ensuring the quality of interview data |
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44 | (18) |
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2.1.1 Selecting candidates for interviewing |
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44 | (3) |
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2.1.2 Recruiting interviewees |
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47 | (2) |
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2.1.3 Conducting interviews among interpreters: From trying to trace the chronology of socialization to enquiring into the nature of situated learning |
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49 | (1) |
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2.1.3.1 Being an `active' interviewer |
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50 | (7) |
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2.1.3.2 Being an `emic' interviewer: Managing preconceptions, bias and reactivity |
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57 | (1) |
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2.1.3.3 Creating `space' for interviewees |
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58 | (1) |
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2.1.3.4 Ensuring a shared framework for interaction: The research interview as a discursive genre |
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59 | (1) |
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2.1.3.5 The interviewer-interviewee relationship: About roles & power |
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59 | (2) |
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2.1.4 The truth status of interview data |
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61 | (1) |
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2.2 Analyzing interview data |
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62 | (9) |
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2.2.1 Entextualizing dialogic interaction: Transcription as a first analytical step |
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62 | (3) |
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2.2.2 `What's this about?': Thematic coding |
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65 | (4) |
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2.2.3 `What's happening here?': The interview as speech activity |
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69 | (2) |
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2.2.4 Narratives and metaphors |
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71 | (1) |
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2.3 Observing practice: Watching knowledge in action |
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71 | (3) |
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2.4 EU interpreters' practice reified: Documents as reference points for action and discourse |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (3) |
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Vignette 3 Nomads of the institutions |
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79 | (14) |
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Chapter 3 Organizational frameworks: A portrait of two EU interpreting services |
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93 | (37) |
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3.1 From interpreting service to DG: Some history |
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93 | (2) |
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3.2 Two interpreting services: Organizational structure |
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95 | (1) |
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3.3 EU-interpreting as a career: Being a human resource |
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96 | (3) |
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3.4 Two organizational cultures |
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99 | (7) |
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3.4.1 Managing interpreting quality: Two approaches |
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100 | (3) |
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3.4.2 Assigning interpreters to meetings: Two approaches to programming |
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103 | (3) |
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3.5 Interpreting EU meetings |
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106 | (18) |
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3.5.1 EU interpreting and multilingualism |
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106 | (2) |
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3.5.1.1 How many interpreters does it take to interpret a meeting? |
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108 | (3) |
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3.5.1.2 Not all booths are equal: Pivot and retour interpreters and booths |
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111 | (1) |
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3.5.1.3 Technical aspects of relay and retour interpreting |
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111 | (1) |
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3.5.1.4 What language is this? |
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112 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Range of meeting types and subject matter |
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113 | (1) |
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3.5.3 The geography of EU meetings |
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114 | (1) |
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3.5.4 What's in an agenda: Interpreting various meeting activities |
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115 | (4) |
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3.5.5 ICT tools and documents for preparation |
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119 | (1) |
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3.5.6 EU meeting participants: Of speakers, listeners and interpreters |
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120 | (3) |
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3.5.7 Institutional cycles |
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123 | (1) |
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3.6 Conclusion: EU interpreting as an organizationally embedded practice |
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124 | (2) |
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Vignette 4 Looking for the new generation |
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126 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 Beginners, newcomers & new colleagues: Organizational approaches to `beginnerdom' |
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130 | (28) |
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4.1 Approaching the `beginner' concept ethnographically: A reflexive parenthesis |
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131 | (2) |
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4.2 A first conceptualization of `beginnerdom': `Beginner' as a remuneration category |
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133 | (2) |
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4.3 Beginners as target groups for organizational socialization and induction measures |
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135 | (12) |
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135 | (1) |
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4.3.1.1 Enjoying a capital privilege: Beginners and recruitment |
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135 | (4) |
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4.3.1.2 Beginners' blues: Beginners and programming |
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139 | (2) |
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4.3.1.3 Beginners, newcomers and mentees |
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141 | (1) |
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4.3.1.4 A new language, a new beginning |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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4.3.2.1 Beginners and recruitment |
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143 | (2) |
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4.3.2.2 Beginners and programming: `It's all in the head' (of the programming officers) |
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145 | (1) |
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4.3.2.3 Mentoring in DG INTE |
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146 | (1) |
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4.4 ICT tools and dedicated intranet pages: Everything beginners need to know |
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147 | (2) |
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4.5 Conclusion: Organizational views on work experience, professional competence and learning |
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149 | (2) |
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Vignette 5 The eternal beginner |
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151 | (7) |
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Chapter 5 Learning the ropes: Acquiring situated competence as an EU interpreter |
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158 | (76) |
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5.1 From formal training to situated learning |
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158 | (5) |
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5.2 Bricks and bits: Finding one's way in the material and virtual worlds of EU interpreting |
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163 | (9) |
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5.2.1 Mastering the geography of EU interpreting |
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163 | (5) |
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5.2.2 `Everything is now on the web': Learning what is relevant and why |
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168 | (4) |
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5.3 A plunge into real-life interpreting: Coping with multilingual interaction in EU meetings |
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172 | (14) |
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5.3.1 The unimportance of language: Terminology and background knowledge |
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173 | (5) |
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5.3.2 `Look who's talking': Knowing speakers and audiences |
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178 | (3) |
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5.3.3 Developing coping strategies for various situations occurring in `real' meetings |
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181 | (5) |
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5.4 Learning to be a colleague |
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186 | (17) |
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5.4.1 Eavesdropping in the booth |
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189 | (7) |
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5.4.2 To help or not to help, that is the question |
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196 | (7) |
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5.5 Multiple beginnings: The situatedness of knowledge and skills |
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203 | (1) |
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5.6 The rationale for situated learning (and unlearning) |
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204 | (21) |
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5.6.1 Learning by working in real meetings |
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205 | (3) |
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5.6.2 Learning by working with colleagues |
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208 | (3) |
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5.6.3 Learning and unlearning |
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211 | (3) |
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5.6.4 Opportunities for learning by participating in the community of practice |
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214 | (11) |
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5.7 Conclusion: Practitioners' views of professional competence and situated learning in an EU setting |
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225 | (1) |
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Vignette 6 Bart's first working day as an EU interpreter |
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226 | (8) |
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Chapter 6 Turn management in the simultaneous booth |
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234 | (53) |
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6.1 A note on the terminology used |
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234 | (1) |
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6.2 The rationale for turn management as a case study |
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235 | (1) |
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6.3 Points of departure for turn management: General principles and variable factors |
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236 | (2) |
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6.3.1 Workload sharing and language covering: The rationale of turn-changing |
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236 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Distribution of languages in the booth and on the floor: Imponderabilities in turn management |
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237 | (1) |
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6.4 Conference interpreters in action: The interactive organization of turn management |
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238 | (31) |
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6.4.1 Working half hours: A logical and self-evident system |
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238 | (8) |
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6.4.2 Unfolding knowledge: The dynamics of workload |
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246 | (1) |
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6.4.2.1 Reconciling the `relay avoidance' and `fair workload sharing' objectives: Two examples of flexible turn management |
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246 | (13) |
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6.4.2.2 `Vertical' and `horizontal' half hours: The role of the clock face in turn organization |
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259 | (2) |
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6.4.2.3 `Special needs' turn organization: Deviating from the half hour system |
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261 | (8) |
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6.5 Turn changing as embodied (inter) action |
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269 | (7) |
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6.5.1 Embodied understanding |
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270 | (1) |
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6.5.1.1 Temporal cues: The importance of the half hour framework |
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271 | (1) |
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6.5.1.2 Indirect signals: The significance of interaction with objects and posture |
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272 | (1) |
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6.5.2 Preparing a turn change: Gaze and bodily alignment |
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273 | (1) |
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6.5.3 The body in action: Gestures, nods and facial expressions |
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274 | (2) |
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6.6 Turn management as a locus of morality and trust |
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276 | (3) |
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6.7 Crossing borders: Turn management and boundaries |
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279 | (3) |
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6.8 `Shall I start?' -- Turn management and membership status |
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282 | (4) |
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6.9 Conclusion: Turn management as a complex work practice |
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286 | (1) |
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Chapter 7 Turn management for beginners |
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287 | (26) |
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7.1 (Not) Knowing how it works: Turn management as a cognitive problem |
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287 | (4) |
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7.2 How not to hit one's colleagues: Turn management and communication |
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291 | (1) |
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7.3 The art of pushing buttons: Turn management as an embodied skill |
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292 | (7) |
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7.4 Trying to pull one's weight: Turn management and language combinations |
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299 | (8) |
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7.5 When things go wrong: Hiccups in turn management |
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307 | (1) |
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7.6 Conclusion: Learning turn management in practice -- a challenge |
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308 | (5) |
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Part 3 Concluding discussion |
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Chapter 8 A practice view on conference interpreting -- so what? |
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313 | (9) |
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8.1 Summing up: The title of the book revisited |
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313 | (1) |
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8.2 Answering research questions and more |
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313 | (9) |
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8.2.1 Bridging the gap between training and practice |
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314 | (2) |
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8.2.2 A new look at conference interpreting: Theoretical implications |
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316 | (1) |
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8.2.2.1 `Expertise' in conference interpreting revisited |
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316 | (1) |
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8.2.2.2 Simultaneous interpreting as joint text production: Implications |
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317 | (1) |
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8.2.2.3 Simultaneous interpreting as embodied (inter)action: Implications |
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318 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Interpreting Studies and ethnography: Methodological considerations |
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319 | (1) |
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8.2.4 Ethnography and interpreting practice: Building bridges between researchers and practitioners |
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320 | (2) |
Bibliography |
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322 | (18) |
Appendix |
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340 | (1) |
Annex 1a List of interviewees |
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340 | (2) |
Annex 1b List of observational field notes (OFNs) |
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342 | (2) |
Annex 2 List of meetings DG SCIC 23-5-2011 |
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344 | (5) |
Annex 3 List of meetings DG INTE 24-5-2011 |
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349 | (6) |
Annex 4 Team sheet EP plenary session |
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355 | (2) |
Annex 5 Observational field note excerpt: Council WP meeting 1 (CWPM1) (OFN 220) |
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357 | (5) |
Annex 6 Observational field note excerpt: Council WP meeting 2 (CWPM2)(OFN 221) |
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362 | (7) |
Annex 7 Observational field note excerpt: EP Committee meeting 1 (EPCM1)(OFN 219) |
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369 | (4) |
Annex 8 Observational field note excerpt: EP Committee meeting 2 (EPCM2) (OFN 223) |
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373 | (4) |
Annex 9 EP Plenary session shift turns (from video data) (EPPMT) |
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377 | (3) |
Annex 10 Observational field note excerpt: EP Committee meeting 3 (EPCM3) (OFN 224) |
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380 | (6) |
Annex 11 Observational field note excerpt: EP MEP-MP meeting (EPMEPMPM) (OFN 222) |
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386 | (3) |
Annex 12 Observational field note excerpt: Turn management in NL and PL booth during a Council WP meeting compared (OFN 217) |
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389 | (2) |
Index |
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391 | |