List of Figures |
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xii | |
List of Tables |
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xiv | |
Preface |
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xvii | |
1 Patterns and Expectations |
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1 | (15) |
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1 | (3) |
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1.2 Pattern-Based Expectations and Variants of Rational Expectations |
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4 | (5) |
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1.3 Relation to Survey- and Market-Based Measures of Expectations |
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9 | (2) |
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1.4 Pattern-Based Expectations and Issues of Method |
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11 | (2) |
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1.5 The Outline of the Book |
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13 | (3) |
2 Extrapolation and Expectations |
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16 | (6) |
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16 | (1) |
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2.2 Extrapolation in Economics |
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17 | (1) |
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2.3 Extrapolation in Psychology |
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17 | (3) |
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2.4 Extrapolation in Forecasting |
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20 | (1) |
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2.5 Summary and Conclusions |
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21 | (1) |
3 Eliciting Expectations under Laboratory Conditions |
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22 | (25) |
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22 | (1) |
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3.2 Basic Elicitation Procedures and Data |
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22 | (12) |
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3.3 Expectations of Central Tendency and Probability Ranges |
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34 | (7) |
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3.4 Summary and Conclusions |
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41 | (1) |
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Appendix Instructions for the Basic Treatment (i), Translated from German |
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41 | (2) |
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Appendix The Instructions for the Probabilistic Treatment (Hi), Translated from German |
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43 | (4) |
4 Features of the Laboratory Data |
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47 | (6) |
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47 | (1) |
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4.2 The Role of Economic Context |
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47 | (2) |
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4.3 Comparison of Elicited Expectations across Treatments |
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49 | (1) |
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4.4 Pattern-Based versus Linear Extrapolation |
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50 | (2) |
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4.5 Summary and Conclusions |
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52 | (1) |
5 Similarity Matching and Scaling the Experimental Data |
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53 | (16) |
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53 | (1) |
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5.2 Experimental Evidence on Similarity Matching |
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54 | (2) |
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5.3 Modeling Similarity Matching |
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56 | (1) |
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5.4 Scaling the Laboratory Data to Historical Data |
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57 | (5) |
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5.5 Computing Historical Time Series of Expected Inflation |
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62 | (3) |
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5.6 Summary and Conclusions |
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65 | (1) |
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Appendix Instructions for the Similarity Matching Experiment, Translated from German |
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65 | (1) |
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Appendix A Routine for the Computation of Pattern- Based Expectations |
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66 | (3) |
6 Pattern Extrapolation and Expectations Measured by Consumer Surveys |
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69 | (9) |
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69 | (1) |
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6.2 Forecast Performance of Different Measures of Inflation Expectations |
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69 | (2) |
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6.3 Competing Explanations of How Consumers Form Expectations |
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71 | (6) |
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6.4 Summary and Conclusions |
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77 | (1) |
7 Heterogeneity and Uncertainty of Inflation Expectations |
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78 | (7) |
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78 | (1) |
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7.2 Modeling Heterogeneity of Inflation Expectations |
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79 | (3) |
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7.3 Modeling Uncertainty of Expected Inflation |
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82 | (1) |
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7.4 Summary and Conclusions |
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83 | (2) |
8 Inflation Dynamics |
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85 | (9) |
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85 | (1) |
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8.2 The New Keynesian Phillips Curve |
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85 | (4) |
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8.3 Long-Term Inflation Expectations and the Issue of Anchoring |
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89 | (2) |
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8.4 Summary and Conclusions |
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91 | (1) |
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Appendix New Keynesian Phillips Curve Estimates for Germany |
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92 | (2) |
9 Explaining the Course of Interest Rates |
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94 | (16) |
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94 | (3) |
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9.2 Effects of the Heterogeneity of Expected Inflation |
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97 | (4) |
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9.3 Effects of the Uncertainty of Expected Inflation |
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101 | (2) |
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9.4 Estimating Interest Rate Equations |
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103 | (6) |
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9.5 Summary and Conclusions |
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109 | (1) |
10 Generalizing the Pattern-Based Approach |
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110 | (23) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (4) |
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10.3 Econometric Analysis of Expectations Data |
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115 | (2) |
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10.4 Inflation Expectations Based on the Generalized Approach |
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117 | (3) |
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10.5 Applications to Historical Data of the United Kingdom |
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120 | (9) |
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10.6 Summary and Conclusions |
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129 | (1) |
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Appendix Comparing Expectations across Subject Pools |
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129 | (2) |
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Appendix Limitations of an Econometric Representation of the Laboratory Data |
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131 | (2) |
11 A Detour to Income Expectations |
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133 | (10) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (4) |
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11.3 Income Expectations and the Course of the Great Recession |
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137 | (3) |
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11.4 Summary and Conclusions |
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140 | (1) |
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Appendix What Goes Up Must Come Down |
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141 | (2) |
12 The Fisher Effect in Historical Times |
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143 | (14) |
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143 | (2) |
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12.2 Around the World with Irving Fisher |
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145 | (6) |
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12.3 The Fisher Effect in the USA Prior to World War I |
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151 | (5) |
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12.4 Summary and Conclusions |
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156 | (1) |
13 Expectations of High Inflation |
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157 | (13) |
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157 | (1) |
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13.2 Expectations Data for Different Ranges of Inflation |
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157 | (1) |
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13.3 Tests of Range Consistency and Scaling |
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158 | (4) |
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13.4 Applications to High-Inflation Economies |
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162 | (6) |
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13.5 Summary and Conclusions |
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168 | (1) |
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Appendix Computing Elasticities of Expectations for Different Rates of Inflation |
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169 | (1) |
14 The Fisher Effect in Asian Economies |
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170 | (9) |
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170 | (1) |
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14.2 Estimating Interest Rate Equations |
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171 | (4) |
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14.3 Summary and Conclusions |
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175 | (1) |
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Appendix Expected One-Year-Ahead CPI-Inflation (Exp), Its Heterogeneity (Het), and Uncertainty (Unc) for Six Asian Economies |
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175 | (4) |
15 The Fisher Effect in African Economies |
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179 | (9) |
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179 | (1) |
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15.2 Estimating Interest Rate Equations |
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180 | (3) |
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15.3 Summary and Conclusions |
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183 | (1) |
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Appendix Expected One-Year-Ahead CPI-Inflation (Exp), Its Heterogeneity (Het), and Uncertainty (Unc) for Six African Economies |
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184 | (4) |
16 Estimates of Expected Inflation for Major Economies |
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188 | (11) |
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188 | (1) |
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16.2 Expected Inflation Series |
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188 | (11) |
17 Estimates of Expected Real Interest Rates for Major Economies |
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199 | (7) |
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199 | (1) |
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17.2 Real Interest Rate Series |
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199 | (7) |
Epilogue |
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206 | (1) |
References |
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207 | (13) |
Index |
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220 | |