Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xv | |
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1 | (9) |
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1.1 Applying theory as a research decision tool |
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2 | (3) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.1.2 How theory evolves over time |
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2 | (1) |
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1.1.3 Connecting researchers to theory |
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3 | (1) |
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1.1.4 Determining theory prediction and testability |
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3 | (2) |
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1.2 How research philosophies inform theory |
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5 | (3) |
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1.2.1 Ontological and epistemology assumptions |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Methodological considerations |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Research paradigms/frameworks |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2.4 Theory of social structure and individual agency |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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1.4 References/further reading |
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9 | (1) |
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2 How social influence creates and sustains behaviour |
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10 | (58) |
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2.1 Social norms: understanding the unwritten rules we live by |
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12 | (16) |
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2.1.1 Defining social norms |
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12 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Reviewing social norm theory |
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12 | (8) |
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2.1.3 Measuring social norms in behavioural research |
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20 | (2) |
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2.1.4 Social norms theory in action |
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22 | (4) |
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2.1.5 Implications for behavioural research |
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26 | (1) |
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2.1.6 References/further reading |
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27 | (1) |
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2.2 Norm following: defining non-instrumental behaviour |
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28 | (4) |
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2.2.1 Defining norm following |
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28 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Reviewing norm following theory |
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28 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Measuring following in behavioural research |
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29 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Norm following theory in action |
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30 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Implications for behavioural research |
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30 | (1) |
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2.2.6 References/further reading |
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31 | (1) |
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2.3 Norm conforming: avoiding censure or punishment |
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32 | (7) |
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2.3.1 Defining norm conforming |
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32 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Reviewing norm conforming theory |
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32 | (2) |
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2.3.3 Measuring conformity in behavioural research |
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34 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Norm conforming theory in action |
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34 | (4) |
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2.3.5 Implications for behavioural research |
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38 | (1) |
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2.3.6 References/further reading |
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39 | (1) |
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2.4 Social identity: dividing the world into `us' and `them' |
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39 | (10) |
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2.4.1 Defining social identity |
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39 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Reviewing social identity theory |
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40 | (4) |
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2.4.3 Measuring social identity in behavioural research |
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44 | (1) |
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2.4.4 Social identity theory in action |
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44 | (4) |
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2.4.5 Implications for behavioural research |
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48 | (1) |
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2.4.6 References/further reading |
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48 | (1) |
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2.5 Symbolic interactionism: creating shared meaning through social interactions |
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49 | (10) |
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2.5.1 Defining symbolic interactionism |
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49 | (1) |
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2.5.2 Reviewing symbolic interactionism theory |
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50 | (4) |
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2.5.3 Measuring symbolic interactions in behavioural research |
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54 | (2) |
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2.5.4 Symbolic interactionism theory in action |
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56 | (2) |
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2.5.5 Implications for behavioural research |
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58 | (1) |
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2.5.6 References/further reading |
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59 | (1) |
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2.6 Social practices: accounting for habitual behaviour |
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59 | (9) |
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2.6.1 Defining social practices |
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59 | (1) |
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2.6.2 Reviewing social practice theory |
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60 | (4) |
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2.6.3 Measuring social practices in behavioural research |
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64 | (1) |
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2.6.4 Social practice theory in action |
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65 | (2) |
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2.6.5 Implications for behavioural research |
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67 | (1) |
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2.6.6 References/further reading |
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67 | (1) |
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3 How personality governs behavioural tendencies |
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68 | (51) |
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3.1 Two minds: determining conscious and unconscious thinking |
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70 | (19) |
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3.1.1 Defining the conscious and unconscious mind |
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70 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Reviewing conscious and unconscious mind theory |
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70 | (10) |
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3.1.3 Measuring the conscious and unconscious mind in behavioural research |
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80 | (4) |
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3.1.4 Conscious and unconscious mind theory in action |
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84 | (4) |
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3.1.5 Implications for behavioural research |
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88 | (1) |
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3.1.6 References/further reading |
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88 | (1) |
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3.2 Constructivism: understanding perceptions |
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89 | (10) |
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3.2.1 Defining constructivism |
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89 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Reviewing constructivism theory |
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89 | (3) |
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3.2.3 Measuring constructivism in behavioural research |
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92 | (2) |
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3.2.4 Constructivism theory in action |
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94 | (4) |
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3.2.5 Implications for behavioural research |
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98 | (1) |
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3.2.6 References/further reading |
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98 | (1) |
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3.3 Personality traits: measuring temperament |
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99 | (13) |
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3.3.1 Defining personality traits |
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99 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Reviewing personality trait theory |
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99 | (7) |
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3.3.3 Measuring personality traits in behavioural research |
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106 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Personality trait theory in action |
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107 | (3) |
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3.3.5 Implications for behavioural research |
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110 | (1) |
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3.3.6 References/further reading |
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110 | (2) |
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3.4 Conditioning: responding to environmental stimuli |
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112 | (7) |
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3.4.1 Defining conditioned behaviour |
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112 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Reviewing conditioning theory |
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112 | (4) |
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3.4.3 Measuring conditioning in behavioural research |
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116 | (1) |
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3.4.4 Conditioning theory in action |
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116 | (1) |
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3.4.5 Implications for behavioural research |
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117 | (1) |
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3.4.6 References/further reading |
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118 | (1) |
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1 How motivational forces drive behaviour |
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119 | (36) |
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4.1 Hierarchy of needs: determining physiological and higher order needs |
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120 | (10) |
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4.1.1 Defining hierarchy of needs |
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120 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Reviewing hierarchy of needs theory |
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121 | (3) |
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4.1.3 Measuring hierarchy of needs in behavioural research |
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124 | (1) |
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4.1.4 Hierarchy of needs theory in action |
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125 | (4) |
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4.1.5 Implications for behavioural research |
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129 | (1) |
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4.1.6 References/further reading |
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129 | (1) |
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4.2 Two factor theory: addressing motivational and hygiene factors |
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130 | (6) |
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4.2.1 Defining motivator and hygiene factors |
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130 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Reviewing motivator and hygiene theory |
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131 | (2) |
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4.2.3 Measuring motivator and hygiene factors in behavioural research |
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133 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Motivator and hygiene theory in action |
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134 | (1) |
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4.2.5 Implications for behavioural research |
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135 | (1) |
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4.2.6 References/further reading |
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135 | (1) |
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4.3 Self-efficacy: harnessing the power of self-belief |
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136 | (9) |
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4.3.1 Defining self-efficacy |
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136 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Reviewing self-efficacy theory |
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136 | (4) |
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4.3.3 Measuring self-efficacy in behavioural research |
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140 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Self-efficacy theory in action |
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141 | (3) |
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4.3.5 Implications for behavioural research |
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144 | (1) |
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4.3.6 References/further reading |
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144 | (1) |
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4.4 Collective efficacy: achieving shared goals |
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145 | (3) |
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4.4.1 Defining collective efficacy |
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145 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Reviewing collective efficacy theory |
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145 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Measuring collective efficacy in behavioural research |
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146 | (1) |
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4.4.4 Collective efficacy theory in action |
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147 | (1) |
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4.4.5 Implications for behavioural research |
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148 | (1) |
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4.4.6 References/further reading |
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148 | (1) |
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4.5 Cognitive dissonance: addressing attitude and behaviour disharmony |
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148 | (7) |
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4.5.1 Defining cognitive dissonance |
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148 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Reviewing cognitive dissonance theory |
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149 | (2) |
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4.5.3 Measuring cognitive dissonance in behavioural research |
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151 | (1) |
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4.5.4 Cognitive dissonance theory in action |
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151 | (2) |
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4.5.5 Implications for behavioural research |
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153 | (1) |
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4.5.6 References/further reading |
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153 | (2) |
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5 How judgements influence behaviour |
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155 | (36) |
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5.1 Locus of control: making sense of our behaviour |
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157 | (10) |
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5.1.1 Defining locus of control |
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157 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Reviewing locus of control theory |
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158 | (3) |
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5.1.3 Measuring locus of control in behavioural research |
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161 | (1) |
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5.1.4 Locus of control theory in action |
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161 | (5) |
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5.1.5 Implications for behavioural research |
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166 | (1) |
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5.1.6 References/further reading |
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166 | (1) |
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5.2 Judging others: making sense of other people's behaviour |
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167 | (5) |
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5.2.1 Defining attributions about other people's behaviour |
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167 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Reviewing attribution theory |
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167 | (3) |
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5.2.3 Attribution theory in action |
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170 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Implications for behavioural research |
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171 | (1) |
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5.2.5 References/further reading |
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171 | (1) |
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5.3 Nonverbal communication: how to read nonverbal cues |
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172 | (11) |
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5.3.1 Defining nonverbal communication |
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172 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Reviewing nonverbal communication theory |
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173 | (2) |
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5.3.3 Identifying different types of nonverbal communication |
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175 | (6) |
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5.3.4 Measuring nonverbal communication in behavioural research |
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181 | (1) |
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5.3.5 Implications for behavioural research |
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182 | (1) |
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5.3.6 References/further reading |
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182 | (1) |
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5.4 Making judgements in practice: controlling for bias |
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183 | (8) |
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5.4.1 Defining judgement bias |
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183 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Judgement bias about our own behaviour |
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183 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Judgement bias about others'behaviour |
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184 | (1) |
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5.4.4 Judgement biases in action |
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184 | (4) |
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5.4.5 How to guard against judgement bias |
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188 | (1) |
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5.4.6 Implications for behavioural research |
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189 | (1) |
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5.4.7 References/further reading |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (4) |
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6.1 The underuse, selective use and misuse of theory |
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191 | (1) |
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6.2 Key stages to theory selection |
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192 | (1) |
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6.2.1 Defining the research problem, a precursor to theory selection |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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6.3 Conclusion: applying theory in behavioural research |
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193 | (2) |
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6.3.1 Theory as a research decision tool |
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193 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Considering both social structure and individual agency |
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194 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Applying theory in practice |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
Index |
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195 | |