Preface |
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xxix | |
Acknowledgements |
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xxxiii | |
Author |
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xxxvii | |
Introduction |
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xxxix | |
Part One Bench Grafting in Practice |
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Chapter 1 Grafting in Nature and in the Hands of the Grafter |
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3 | (4) |
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3 | (4) |
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Chapter 2 Grafting Strategies: Categorisation of Grafting Methods |
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7 | (12) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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Apical and Side Grafting Strategies Compared |
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8 | (3) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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Heading-Back: A Specific Requirement of Side Grafts |
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9 | (2) |
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Grafting: The Five Basic Methods |
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11 | (3) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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The Three Categories of Importance to Bench Grafters |
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14 | (1) |
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Apical Veneer, Splice and Wedge Grafts Compared |
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15 | (1) |
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Machine and Tool-Made Grafts |
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16 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Making the Graft |
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19 | (24) |
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19 | (2) |
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Understanding Stem and Root Cambia |
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19 | (1) |
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Importance of Good Knifesmanship |
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19 | (2) |
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Preparation of Components Prior to Grafting |
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19 | (1) |
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Holding the Knife - Support and Control |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (7) |
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21 | (6) |
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Alternative Splice Grafting Method |
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24 | (3) |
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27 | (1) |
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Whip and Tongue Grafting Methods |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (12) |
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29 | (1) |
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Short Tongue Apical Veneer (Apical Veneer) |
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29 | (1) |
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Long Tongue Apical Veneer (Modified Apical Veneer) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (3) |
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Short Tongue Side Veneer (Side Veneer) |
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31 | (1) |
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Long Tongue Side Veneer (Modified Side Veneer) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (7) |
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Sequence of Cuts for Veneer Grafts |
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33 | (5) |
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Cambial Alignment for Veneer Grafts |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (3) |
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40 | (2) |
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Rootstock Cuts for Wedge Grafts |
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41 | (1) |
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Scion Cuts for Wedge Grafts |
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41 | (1) |
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Cambial Alignment for Wedge Grafts |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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Chapter 4 Fine Tuning Grafting: Positioning; Sequences; Training; Rates of Work |
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43 | (8) |
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43 | (2) |
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Height above Root Collar or Soil Level |
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43 | (1) |
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Rootstock and Scion Placement - Stimulant Bud - Grafting Methods |
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43 | (2) |
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Priority - Scion or Rootstock? |
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45 | (2) |
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Sequence of Actions for Performing the Graft |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Grafting Knives: Grafting Machines and Tools |
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51 | (14) |
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51 | (4) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (2) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (6) |
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Hand Sharpening - Equipment and Materials |
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55 | (3) |
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Choice of Cutting Edge Angle |
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56 | (1) |
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Stone Choice and Maintenance of Sharpening Stones |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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Techniques for Curved (Hooked) Blades |
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57 | (1) |
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Stages in Sharpening - Burr Removal - Honing |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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Key Points for Effective Hand Sharpening |
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59 | (1) |
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Machine and Machine-Aided Knife Sharpening |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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Grafting Machines and Grafting Tools |
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61 | (4) |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Ties - Tying and Sealing |
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65 | (14) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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Non-Enclosing and Enclosing Ties |
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66 | (7) |
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66 | (5) |
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Tying-In Procedures and Techniques for Non-Enclosing Ties |
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67 | (3) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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Tying Procedures for Enclosing Ties |
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71 | (1) |
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Self-Adhesive Enclosing Ties |
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72 | (2) |
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72 | (1) |
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Alternative Graft Fixing Methods |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (5) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (3) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 Work Station: Equipment and Associated Ancillary and Safety Equipment |
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79 | (12) |
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Centralised, Integral or Mobile Workstations |
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79 | (1) |
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Work Station - Logistics of Handling Grafts and Rootstocks |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (2) |
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Height Adjustment Related to Seating and Method |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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Grafting Procedures and Bench Design |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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Ancillary Equipment and Activities - Safety Equipment |
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83 | (3) |
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84 | (1) |
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Bench and Plant Material Cleanliness |
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84 | (1) |
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Knife Blade Cleaning and Sterilisation |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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Production Planning, Computers and Recording Data |
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86 | (1) |
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First Aid Equipment, Health and Safety and Risk Assessments |
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87 | (4) |
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88 | (3) |
Part Two The Graft Components - Rootstock and Scion |
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Chapter 8 Rootstocks: Origin and Underlying Principles of Anatomy and Physiology |
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91 | (6) |
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91 | (3) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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Root Pressure (Bleeding) and Root Activity |
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94 | (3) |
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Chapter 9 Rootstocks: Categories; Acquisition; Specifications; Culture |
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97 | (14) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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Rootstock Specifications - Terms Used |
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98 | (1) |
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Bare-Root Deciduous Rootstocks |
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99 | (1) |
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Specifications to Meet Requirements |
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99 | (1) |
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Transport - Reception and Handling |
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99 | (1) |
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Preparation for Immediate Use |
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99 | (1) |
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Storage (Short- or Long-Term) |
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100 | (1) |
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Bare-Root Evergreen Rootstocks |
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100 | (1) |
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Requirements - Specifications |
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100 | (1) |
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Transport - Reception and Handling |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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Rootstocks for Top-Working |
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101 | (1) |
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Rootstocks for Cuttings-Grafts |
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101 | (1) |
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Potted Rootstocks - Sourced from Other Producers |
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102 | (1) |
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Requirements - Specifications |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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Reception for Grafting Shortly after Arrival |
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102 | (1) |
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Reception for Use at a Later Date |
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102 | (1) |
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Potted Rootstocks - Produced In-House |
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102 | (2) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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Requirements and Handling |
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104 | (1) |
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Rootstock Culture - Bare-Root |
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105 | (1) |
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Soil - Sowing - Seedling Density |
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105 | (1) |
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Herbicides for Rootstocks Growing in the Field |
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105 | (1) |
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Rootstock Culture - Pot Grown |
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105 | (3) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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Drying-Off Pot Grown Rootstocks |
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108 | (3) |
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Chapter 10 Scions - General Principles - Acquisition - Stock Mother Plants - Selection and Collection |
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111 | (24) |
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Scions and Cuttings Compared |
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111 | (1) |
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Principles for Selection of Scion Wood |
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111 | (2) |
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Differences between 'Ripe' and 'Unripe' Shoots |
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112 | (1) |
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Scion Acquisition - Non-Commercial Sources |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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Scion Acquisition - Commercial Suppliers |
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114 | (2) |
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Other Nurserymen or Specialist Suppliers |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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High Health Status Material |
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115 | (1) |
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Scion Acquisition from Internal Sources |
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116 | (3) |
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Scions from Growing on Stock |
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116 | (1) |
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Scions from Dedicated Container Grown Mother Plants |
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116 | (1) |
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Scions from Stock Mother Plant Beds |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Yield of Scion Material from Stock Mother Plant Beds |
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118 | (1) |
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Establishment and Maintenance of Stock Beds |
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119 | (2) |
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Site and Soil - Initial Assessments |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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Planting Procedures and Design |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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Pesticide and Fungicide Application |
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121 | (1) |
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Pruning and Training Stock Mother Plants |
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121 | (3) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Evergreen Trees and Shrubs |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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Upright Formal Shaped Conifers |
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123 | (1) |
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Upright Informal Shaped Conifers |
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124 | (1) |
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Spreading and Dwarf Conifers |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (3) |
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124 | (2) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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Evergreen Hardwoods Scions |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (2) |
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Summer Dormant Deciduous and Evergreen |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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Summer Active Deciduous and Evergreen |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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Handling/Preparation for Conifer Scions |
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129 | (6) |
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130 | (1) |
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Transport of Scion Material |
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130 | (1) |
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Post Grafting Scion Growth - Use of Bud Growth Stimulants |
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130 | (5) |
Part Three Achieving the Union |
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Chapter 11 Anatomy and Physiology of Graft Union Formation and Development |
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135 | (24) |
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Basic Woody Plant Anatomy |
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135 | (3) |
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Woody Plant - Primary Stem Anatomy |
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135 | (1) |
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Woody Plant - Secondary Stem Anatomy |
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136 | (1) |
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Woody Plant Anatomy - Vascular System |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (6) |
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Union Formation - Response to Wounding |
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138 | (1) |
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Stages in the Formation of the Graft Union |
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139 | (3) |
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First Stage - Necrotic Plate |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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Diagrammatic Representation of Graft Union Formation |
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142 | (2) |
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Factors Influencing Callus Development |
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144 | (10) |
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144 | (1) |
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Rootstock - Scion - Grafting Method |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (2) |
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Rootstock Activity, Root Extension |
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146 | (1) |
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Moisture, Humidity, Oxygen - Effects of Sealing |
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146 | (1) |
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Timing/Seasonal Patterns/Pruning |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (14) |
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152 | (2) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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Side Graft, Height of Graft |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (2) |
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Rootstock and Scion Interactions |
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156 | (3) |
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159 | (12) |
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Recognising Incompatibility |
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159 | (1) |
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Causes of Incompatibility |
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159 | (3) |
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162 | (1) |
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Future Progress - Strategies to Overcome Incompatibility |
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163 | (8) |
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164 | (3) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (2) |
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Other Strategies to Overcome Incompatibility |
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167 | (4) |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (2) |
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Chapter 13 Graft Environment for Graft Union Development |
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171 | (18) |
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Water Exchange and Loss between the Plant and the Atmosphere |
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171 | (3) |
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Humidity - The Enclosed (Supportive) Environment |
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172 | (1) |
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Water - Practical Methods of Preventing Water Loss in Grafts |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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Preventing Water Loss from Grafts using Dormant Leafless Scions |
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173 | (1) |
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Preventing Water Loss from Grafts using Leafy and De-Leaved Scions |
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174 | (1) |
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High Humidity Combined with Sealing |
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174 | (1) |
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Temperature - The Graft Environment |
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174 | (3) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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Shading in High Humidity (Enclosed) Environments |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (1) |
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Ventilation - Temperature and Humidity Control |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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Setting-Up and Management of the Enclosed Environment |
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178 | (6) |
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178 | (1) |
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Bed Layout - Condensation |
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179 | (1) |
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Moisture Level and Temperature of Standing Down Substrate |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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Anti-Condensation Strategies |
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180 | (3) |
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Management of the Environment within Walk-In Structures |
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183 | (1) |
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Monitoring Grafts during Union Formation |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Influencing Union Development |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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Cold Storage Post-Graft Union Formation |
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185 | (4) |
Part Four Facilities: Structures and Equipment |
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Chapter 14 Protected Structures - High Humidity Enclosures - Shading Materials |
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189 | (8) |
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189 | (1) |
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Walk-In Enclosed Structures within a Glasshouse or Polytunnel |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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Free-Standing, Walk-In Grafting Polytunnels |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (2) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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Additional External Hoops |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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Shading - Internal/External |
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195 | (2) |
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196 | (1) |
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Chapter 15 Ground Level Beds - Benches - Heating - Humidification |
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197 | (8) |
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Ground Level Beds within Greenhouses |
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197 | (4) |
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Ground Level Beds for Cold or Warm Callusing |
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197 | (1) |
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Warm Callusing - Provision of Heat for Ground Level Beds |
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197 | (4) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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Providing Bottom Heat and Space Heating |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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Bottom Heat throughout the Entire Floor |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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Thermostats - Electro-Mechanical |
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202 | (1) |
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Thermostats - Digital (Electronic) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (3) |
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Chapter 16 Hot-Pipe Facilities: Design and Construction |
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205 | (12) |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (8) |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (1) |
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Solid Cover ('Sandwiched' Cover) |
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208 | (3) |
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Extruded Polystyrene Sheets Fabricated to Shape |
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208 | (1) |
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Half-Round Plastic Rainwater Gutters |
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209 | (2) |
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Square Section Rainwater Gutters |
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211 | (1) |
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Plywood or Insulating Boards Fabricated to Shape |
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211 | (1) |
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Hot-Pipe - Stacked Assemblies |
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211 | (11) |
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Separate Assembly Stacking |
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211 | (1) |
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Integrated Assembly Stacking |
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212 | (2) |
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Alternative Design for Aligned Chambers |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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Temperature Control for Hot-Pipe Systems |
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215 | (2) |
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Chapter 17 Growth Chambers for Grafts |
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217 | (4) |
Part Five Grafting Systems |
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Chapter 18 Features and Management of Different Grafting Systems |
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221 | (34) |
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Sub-Cold Callusing (Hibernation Callusing) |
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221 | (1) |
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Cold Callusing - For Deciduous Species |
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222 | (2) |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (4) |
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225 | (1) |
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Deciduous Hardwoods in Summer Dormancy |
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225 | (1) |
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Deciduous Hardwood Species in Active Growth (Early/Mid-Summer Grafting) |
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226 | (1) |
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Dormant Evergreen Hardwoods |
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226 | (1) |
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Summer Dormant Evergreen Hardwoods |
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226 | (1) |
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Summer Active Evergreen Hardwoods |
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227 | (1) |
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Supported Warm Callusing Systems |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (3) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (2) |
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Pinaceae and Sciadopityaceae |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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Aurucariaceae, Podocarpaceae and Taxaceae |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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Hot-Pipe (Hot Callusing) - Horticultural Management - Plant Material |
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231 | (5) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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Cold Storage Post-Graft Union Formation |
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236 | (1) |
|
|
236 | (3) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
Enhanced Scion Production |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
240 | (2) |
|
|
242 | (3) |
|
Source, Specifications and Storage |
|
|
242 | (2) |
|
Grafting Methods and Tying-In |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
|
247 | (2) |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
Approach Grafting; Grafting with Attached Scions |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
Deciding upon the Best Grafting Strategy, Method and System |
|
|
250 | (5) |
|
Small Grafting Unit Concerned with Species Diversity |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
Large, Specialised Grafting Unit Concerned with High Output |
|
|
251 | (4) |
Part Six Role of Grafting in Conservation |
|
|
|
255 | (10) |
|
Conservation of Plants in Cultivation (Ex Situ) |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
Conservation of Plants in the Wild (In Situ) |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
Propagation for Conservation |
|
|
256 | (4) |
|
Attributes of Grafting for Conservation |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
Genetic Integrity; Diversity; Selection |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
Successful Outcomes - Rejuvenation |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
Technical Input - Artisan Involvement - Skills Transfer |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
Practical Applications for Grafting in Conservation |
|
|
258 | (24) |
|
Recovery of Endangered Species from the Wild |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
Retention of Genetic Integrity |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
Speed and Quantity of Production |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
Rootstock Selection to Overcome Environmental Challenges |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
Grafting Potential for Red List Species |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
Setting Up a Grafting Facility |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
The Future of Grafting in Conservation |
|
|
261 | (4) |
Part Seven Genera Specific Requirements |
|
|
|
265 | (2) |
|
Chapter 20 Abies (Pinaceae) - Fir |
|
|
267 | (6) |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
|
268 | (2) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
|
271 | (2) |
|
Chapter 21 Acer (Sapindaceae) - Maple |
|
|
273 | (18) |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
273 | (7) |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
282 | (2) |
|
Potted, Plug Grown and Bare-Root Rootstocks |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
|
284 | (3) |
|
|
284 | (2) |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
|
289 | (2) |
|
Chapter 22 Actinidia (Actinidiaceae) - Kiwi Fruit |
|
|
291 | (2) |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
Chapter 23 Aesculus (Sapindaceae) - Horse Chestnut & Buckeye |
|
|
293 | (4) |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
|
295 | (2) |
|
Chapter 24 Amelanchier (Rosaceae) - Snowy Mespilus |
|
|
297 | (2) |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
Chapter 25 Aralia (Araliaceae) |
|
|
299 | (6) |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
|
299 | (3) |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
303 | (2) |
|
Chapter 26 Berberis & Mahonia (Berberidaceae) |
|
|
305 | (2) |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
Chapter 27 Betula (Betulaceae) - Birch |
|
|
307 | (10) |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
309 | (2) |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
Alternative Scion Wood/Scions for Multi-Stemmed Trees |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
Late Spring/Early Summer - Late Summer Grafting |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
313 | (2) |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
Graft Infection Treatments |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
Care of Grafts before, during and after Union Formation |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
Top-Worked and Multi-Stemmed Trees |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
Chapter 28 Camellia (Theaceae) |
|
|
317 | (8) |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
319 | (2) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
|
323 | (2) |
|
Chapter 29 Carpinus (Betulaceae) - Hornbeam |
|
|
325 | (6) |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
329 | (2) |
|
Chapter 30 Cedrus (Pinaceae) - Cedar |
|
|
331 | (4) |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
333 | (2) |
|
Chapter 31 Cercis (Caesalpiniaceae) - Redbud, Judas Tree |
|
|
335 | (6) |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
338 | (3) |
|
Chapter 32 Chamaecyparis Including Xanthocyparis (Callitropsis) (Cupressaceae) |
|
|
341 | (4) |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
342 | (2) |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
Chapter 33 Cornus (Cornaceae) - Dogwoods, Cornels |
|
|
345 | (6) |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
347 | (3) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Chapter 34 Corylus (Betulaceae) - Hazel |
|
|
351 | (4) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
353 | (2) |
|
Chapter 35 Cupressus (Cupressaceae) - Cypress |
|
|
355 | (2) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Chapter 36 Daphne (Thymelaeaceae) |
|
|
357 | (6) |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
|
358 | (2) |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
Chapter 37 Fagus (Fagaceae) - Beech |
|
|
363 | (4) |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
Chapter 38 Hamamelis (Hamamelidaceae) - Witch Hazel |
|
|
367 | (6) |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
|
371 | (2) |
|
Chapter 39 Juglans (Juglandaceae) - Walnuts |
|
|
373 | (12) |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
375 | (3) |
|
|
376 | (2) |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
379 | (2) |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Warm Callusing - Enclosed Conditions |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Warm Callusing - Callusing Boxes |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
381 | (2) |
|
|
383 | (2) |
|
Chapter 40 Juniperus (Cupressaceae) - Juniper |
|
|
385 | (6) |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Chapter 41 Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) |
|
|
391 | (16) |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
391 | (2) |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
|
395 | (6) |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
396 | (2) |
|
Cuttings Raised Rootstocks |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
Conclusions on Rootstocks |
|
|
399 | (2) |
|
|
401 | (2) |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
405 | (2) |
|
Chapter 42 Malus (Rosaceae) - Flowering Crabs and Orchard Apples |
|
|
407 | (8) |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
409 | (36) |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
|
410 | (3) |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
413 | (2) |
|
Chapter 43 Paeonia (Paeoniaceae) - Tree Paeony |
|
|
415 | (6) |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
417 | (2) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
419 | (2) |
|
Chapter 44 Picea (Pinaceae) - Spruce |
|
|
421 | (10) |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
426 | (2) |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
429 | (2) |
|
Chapter 45 Pinus (Pinaceae) - Pines |
|
|
431 | (8) |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
|
431 | (2) |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
435 | (2) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
Chapter 46 Prunus (Rosaceae) - Ornamental Prunus |
|
|
439 | (6) |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
439 | (3) |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
Chapter 47 Prunus (Rosaceae) - Almonds and Stone Fruits |
|
|
445 | (8) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (7) |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
446 | (4) |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
450 | (2) |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
Chapter 48 Pyrus (Rosaceae) - Ornamental and Fruiting Pears |
|
|
453 | (6) |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
|
453 | (2) |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Rootstocks for Fruiting Pears |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
457 | (2) |
|
Chapter 49 Quercus (Fagaceae) - Oaks |
|
|
459 | (12) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
459 | (5) |
|
Further Discussion on Compatibility |
|
|
460 | (6) |
|
|
460 | (2) |
|
Subgenus Quercus: Section Cerris |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
Subgenus Quercus: Sections Mesobalanus and Quercus |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
Subgenus Quercus: Section Protobalanus |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Subgenus Quercus: Section Lobatae |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Inter-Sectional Combinations - Potential Inter-Stems |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Effects of Particular Combinations |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
464 | (2) |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
Pot and Plug Grown Rootstocks |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
|
468 | (2) |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
Chapter 50 Rhododendron (Ericaceae) |
|
|
471 | (18) |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
|
471 | (2) |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
|
473 | (2) |
|
|
475 | (4) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
Rootstocks for Large Leaved Types |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Pot Grown versus Bare-root |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Raising Clonal Rootstocks |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
479 | (2) |
|
|
481 | (5) |
|
Management of Rootstock - Heading-back |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
483 | (2) |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
486 | (2) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Chapter 51 Sorbus (Rosaceae) - Mountain Ash, Whitebeam |
|
|
489 | (4) |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
489 | (2) |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
Chapter 52 Syringa (Oleaceae) - Lilac, French Lilac |
|
|
493 | (6) |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
495 | (1) |
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|
496 | (1) |
|
|
496 | (2) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
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|
497 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Chapter 53 Tilia (Malvaceae) - Lime-trees, Lindens, Basswoods |
|
|
499 | (6) |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
500 | (2) |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
Chapter 54 Viburnum (Adoxaceae) |
|
|
505 | (6) |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
509 | (2) |
|
Chapter 55 Vitis (Vitaceae) - Vines, Grapevines |
|
|
511 | (8) |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
|
513 | (2) |
|
Physiological and Environmental Factors |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
|
516 | (3) |
Part Eight Genera Grafting Guide Tables |
|
|
Chapter 56 Grafting Table List |
|
|
519 | (38) |
|
|
519 | |
Appendices |
|
|
Appendix A: List of Families and Genera Field Grafted |
|
|
557 | (2) |
|
Appendix B: List of Families Bench Grafted and with Potential to Graft |
|
|
559 | (2) |
|
Appendix C: Practice Holders |
|
|
561 | (2) |
|
Appendix D: Outputs for Bench Grafting |
|
|
563 | (2) |
|
Appendix E: Knife Types Other than Tina |
|
|
565 | (2) |
|
Appendix F: Knife Sharpening - Cutting Edge Grind Types |
|
|
567 | (2) |
|
Appendix G: Types of Sharpening Stones |
|
|
569 | (2) |
|
Appendix H: Honing - Strops and Honing Machines - Corrosion Prevention |
|
|
571 | (2) |
|
Appendix I: Sharpening Aids |
|
|
573 | (2) |
|
Appendix J: Knife Sharpening Machines |
|
|
575 | (2) |
|
Appendix K: Grafting Machines and Grafting Tools |
|
|
577 | (4) |
|
Appendix L: Workstations: Integral, Static and Mobile |
|
|
581 | (2) |
|
Appendix M: Grafting Bench Design and Construction |
|
|
583 | (2) |
|
|
585 | (2) |
|
Appendix O: Lighting Levels for Grafting Benches |
|
|
587 | (2) |
|
Appendix P: Effect of Fungicides on Graft Success |
|
|
589 | (2) |
|
Appendix Q: Design and Construction of Free-Standing, Walk-In Grafting Polytunnels |
|
|
591 | (2) |
|
Appendix R: Hot-Pipe Solid Cover Heating Chamber Dimensions |
|
|
593 | (2) |
|
Appendix S: 'Economy' Hot-Pipe Design |
|
|
595 | (2) |
Bibliography |
|
597 | (14) |
Plant Index |
|
611 | (18) |
Subject Index |
|
629 | |